AIM: To evaluate the role of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in cirrhotic patients who have hepatic and renal impairment with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP).
Infectious diseases of poverty(IDoP)disproportionately affect the poorest population in the world and contribute to a cycle of poverty as a result of decreased productivity ensuing from long-term illness,disability,an...Infectious diseases of poverty(IDoP)disproportionately affect the poorest population in the world and contribute to a cycle of poverty as a result of decreased productivity ensuing from long-term illness,disability,and social stigma.In 2010,the global deaths from HIV/AIDS have increased to 1.5 million and malaria mortality rose to 1.17 million.Mortality from neglected tropical diseases rose to 152,000,while tuberculosis killed 1.2 million people that same year.Substantial regional variations exist in the distribution of these diseases as they are primarily concentrated in rural areas of Sub-Saharan Africa,Asia,and Latin America,with geographic overlap and high levels of co-infection.Evidence-based interventions exist to prevent and control these diseases,however,the coverage still remains low with an emerging challenge of antimicrobial resistance.Therefore,community-based delivery platforms are increasingly being advocated to ensure sustainability and combat co-infections.Because of the high morbidity and mortality burden of these diseases,especially in resource-poor settings,it is imperative to conduct a systematic review to identify strategies to prevent and control these diseases.Therefore,we attempted to evaluate the effectiveness of one of these strategies,that is community-based delivery for the prevention and treatment of IDoP.In this paper,we describe the burden,epidemiology,and potential interventions for IDoP.In subsequent papers of this series,we describe the analytical framework and the methodology used to guide the systematic reviews,and report the findings and interpretations of our analyses of the impact of community-based strategies on individual IDoPs.展开更多
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play a critical role in food, agricultural, and clinical applications. The fast growing characteristics of LAB and their metabolic activity have been the key in most applications including f...Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play a critical role in food, agricultural, and clinical applications. The fast growing characteristics of LAB and their metabolic activity have been the key in most applications including food production, agricultural industry, and probiotics. However, the biochemical and biophysical environments have significant effect on the growth and metabolic activity of LAB. While the biochemical conditions are most likely established, controlling and optimizing of biochemical conditions have many limitations and challenges. In addition to selecting the right strain, desirable metabolic processes required optimizing and controlling the available nutrients including sugars, peptides, free amino acids, minerals, and vitamins in addition to buffering agents. Thus, much of research was conducted to understand the impact of available nutrients on the growth and metabolic activities of LAB. However, only a few nutritional parameters could be controlled at a time while holding other parameters constant. The nutritional parameters may also interact with each other resulting in faulty results. Characteristics of LAB such as fastidiousness in their nutritional requirements, ability to produce acid and antimicrobial compounds, and variations in the nutritional requirements among strains have added additional limitations and challenges in this regard. Thus, chemically defined media (CDM) were suggested to deal with different limitations and challenges. However, due to differences in growth conditions, results obtained in CDM may face some obstacles when it comes to industrial applications. Thus, this paper aimed to review the recent data in regard to the role of the nutritional requirements of LAB in optimizing and controlling metabolic activities and to discuss the associated limitations and challenges.展开更多
Zero-valent iron amended biochar(ZVIB)has been proposed as a promising material in immobilizing heavy metals in paddy fields.In this study,the impacts of p H of ZVIB(p H 6.3 and p H 9.7)and watering management techniq...Zero-valent iron amended biochar(ZVIB)has been proposed as a promising material in immobilizing heavy metals in paddy fields.In this study,the impacts of p H of ZVIB(p H 6.3 and p H 9.7)and watering management techniques(watering amount in the order of CON(control,5/72)>3/72>1-3/72>3/100>1/72,with 5/72,for example,representing irrigation given to 5 cm above soil surface in 72 hr regular interval)on As and Cd bioavailability for rice and its grain yield(Yield BR)were investigated in a pot experiment.Brown rice As(As BR)content was irrelative to the watering treatments,while significantly decreased(>50%)with the addition of both ZVIB materials.The diminutions of brown rice Cd(Cd BR)content as well as the Yield BR were highly dependent on both the soil amendment materials’p H and watering amount.Among all the watering treatments,3/72 treatment(15%less irrigation water than the CON)with ZVIB 6.3 amendment was the optimum fit for simultaneous reduction of As BR(50%)and Cd BR contents(19%)as well as for significant increment(12%)of the Yield BR.Although high pH(9.7)ZVIB application could also efficiently decrease As and Cd contents in brown rice,it might risk grain yield lost if appropriate(e.g.3/72 in our study)watering management technique was not chosen.Therefore,ZVIB would be an environmentally friendly option as an amendment material with proper selection of watering management technique to utilize As and Cd co-contaminated arable soils safely for paddy cultivation.展开更多
Intellectualization has become a new trend for telecom industry, driven by intelligent technology including cloud computing, big data, and Internet of things. In order to satisfy the service demand of intelligent logi...Intellectualization has become a new trend for telecom industry, driven by intelligent technology including cloud computing, big data, and Internet of things. In order to satisfy the service demand of intelligent logistics, this paper designed an intelligent logistics platform containing the main applications such as e-commerce, self-service transceiver, big data analysis, path location and distribution optimization. The intelligent logistics service platform has been built based on cloud computing to collect, store and handling multi-source heterogeneous mass data from sensors, RFID electronic tag, vehicle terminals and APP, so that the open-access cloud services including distribution, positioning, navigation, scheduling and other data services can be provided for the logistics distribution applications. And then the architecture of intelligent logistics cloud platform containing software layer(SaaS), platform layer(PaaS) and infrastructure(IaaS) has been constructed accordance with the core technology relative high concurrent processing technique, heterogeneous terminal data access, encapsulation and data mining. Therefore, intelligent logistics cloud platform can be carried out by the service mode for implementation to accelerate the construction of the symbiotic win-winlogistics ecological system and the benign development of the ICT industry in the trend of intellectualization in China.展开更多
The goal of this work is to improve the simultaneous removal of Pb2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+ ions from synthetic wastewater in a fixed bed column by incorporating sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) onto the surface of activat...The goal of this work is to improve the simultaneous removal of Pb2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+ ions from synthetic wastewater in a fixed bed column by incorporating sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) onto the surface of activated carbon made from coconut shells. The activated carbons were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX). The adsorption column dynamics were studied by varying the flow rates (5, 10 and 15 mL/min), bed heights (10, 15 and 20 cm), and initial concentrations (50, 150, and 250 mg/L). The activated carbon has a pore volume of 0.715 cm3/g and a BET-specific surface area of 1410 m2/g. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant incorporation onto the surface of the activated carbon enhances its capacity for simultaneous adsorption of Pb2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+ from the aqueous medium. The affinity of the heavy metals to both unmodified (AC) and modified (AC-SDS) activated carbons followed the order of Pb2+ > Cu2+ > Zn2+ > Cd2+. The dynamic adsorption of the column depends on the flow rate, bed height, initial metal concentration, and SDS surface modification. With a 5 mL/min flow rate, a 20 cm bed height, and a 50 mg/L initial metal concentration, a maximum break-through time of 150 minutes for the unmodified activated carbon (AC) and 180 minutes for the SDS-modified activated carbon (AC-SDS) was reached.展开更多
Background: As the half-life of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) is very low, it reflects parathyroid insufficiency within minutes to hours after total thyroidectomy. Therefore, iPTH level assessment in the postopera...Background: As the half-life of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) is very low, it reflects parathyroid insufficiency within minutes to hours after total thyroidectomy. Therefore, iPTH level assessment in the postoperative period can be used to predict the development of hypocalcaemia. The optimal time point to measure serum iPTH is important for the accurate prediction of hypocalcaemia. Aim: This paper aims to evaluate the ability of iPTH as an early predictive marker of hypocalcaemia and determine which time iPTH is more able to predict postoperative hypocalcaemia. Method: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, BSMMU, Dhaka, from July 2020 to December 2021, with 67 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy. iPTH levels were measured on the day before the operation and at 1 hour, 4 hours, and 24 hours after the operation. S.calcium levels were measured on the day before the operation and 1<sup>st</sup> postoperative day. All the data were compiled and sorted properly and were analyzed statistically. Results: Postoperative hypocalcaemia developed in 18 cases, with an incidence of 26.9%. Pearson correlation showed a significant correlation between postoperative iPTH at 1 hr, 4 h, and 24 hr with 1st postoperative calcium value. The Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was processed for the postoperative iPTH at 1 hr, 4 h, and 24 hr. The sensitivity, specificity, cut-off value, and mean AUC found 93.9%, 94.4%, ≤14.0, 0.988;95.9%, 94.4%, ≤09.5, 0.993 and 91.8%, 94.4%, ≤11.0, 0.993 respectively. Conclusion: iPTH can be used as an early predictor of post-thy-roidectomy hypocalcaemia. 4 hr iPTH showed more sensitivity and specificity for a cut-off value near the laboratory reference range.展开更多
Evaluation of water quality is important for the management of water resources. The current study is focused on the interpretation of the water quality monitoring data of the Tigris River in Iraq by the application of...Evaluation of water quality is important for the management of water resources. The current study is focused on the interpretation of the water quality monitoring data of the Tigris River in Iraq by the application of the principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA), and water quality index (WQI). Twelve water quality parameters were taken from 14 stations along the river Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl−, SO42−, HCO3−, NO3−, TH, TDS, BOD5, and EC to apply the PCA and CA. The results show that the mean of all the parameters was under the standards except Ca2+, EC, Mg2+, TH, and SO42−. The amount of EC is the critical factor that affects the river water quality. The PCA obtained one principal component responsible for 97% of the variation caused by different pollution sources. The CA divided the river into three regions of sampling stations with similar water quality, the best in the north, and the worst in the far south. In this paper, the computer-automated tool (IraqWQI) was presented and evaluated, which has been developed by authors to classify and measure the quality of Iraqi surface water. The proposed index is of hundred degrees and includes six variables for drinking water quality Cl−, TH, TDS, COD, DO, and total coliform (TC) according to the Iraqi specifications. The result of the IraqWQI application showed a decrease in the water quality of the river and its suitability for drinking in the south of the country. The best value of the index was (81.48, Good) in Fishkhabour during winter, and the worst value was (46.23, Bad) in Qurnah during summer. The result of this study proved the success and importance of using statistical techniques and WQI as useful tools for the management, control, and conservation of surface water. .展开更多
In this article, we investigated the influence of size and initial water content on the effective diffusion coefficient of sweet potatoes samples cut into cubic and cylindrical shapes. The sizes of the cubic samples a...In this article, we investigated the influence of size and initial water content on the effective diffusion coefficient of sweet potatoes samples cut into cubic and cylindrical shapes. The sizes of the cubic samples are 0.5, 1, 1.5, 1.75, 2, 2.5 and 3 cm edge with a respective initial water content of 2.7, 3.76, 3.48, 2.68, 3.28, 2.17 and 2.29 kg/kgms. For cylindrical samples, the radius is set at 0.5 cm and sample heights are 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5 and 4 cm with respective water contents of 2.2, 3.19, 2.85, 2.1, 2.17, 2.39 and 2.03 kg/kgms. The effective diffusion coefficients of cubic samples are of the order of 10−10 and 10−9 m2∙s−1 grew with sample edge. As for the cylindrical samples, the effective diffusion coefficients were of the order of 10−9 m2∙s−1 and there was no linear correlation between cylinder height and their effective diffusion coefficient. As for the examination of the initial water content on the effective diffusion coefficient, it turned out that the initial water content had no influence on the effective diffusion coefficient of the sweet potato samples.展开更多
Introduction: Microbiology of effusion fluids in children in Burkina Faso is characterized by the scarcity of data. This work aimed to study the bacteriological and antibiotics susceptibility profile of bacteria invol...Introduction: Microbiology of effusion fluids in children in Burkina Faso is characterized by the scarcity of data. This work aimed to study the bacteriological and antibiotics susceptibility profile of bacteria involved in effusion fluid infections in paediatrics in order to improve the choice of probabilistic antibiotics therapy. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was used in children aged 0 to 15 years from 2017 to 2020 at the Charles De Gaulle Pediatric University Hospital Center (CHUP-CDG) in Ouagadougou. Classical bacteriology methods such as macroscopy, Gram staining, identification galleries and antibiotics susceptibility testing were used. Results: Of 231 samples, 64 bacteria were isolated. The most common bacterial strains of pleural fluid were Staphylococcus aureus (25%) and 40% for Enterobacteriaceae. Of the peritoneal fluid, 77% were Enterobacteriaceae with 57% Escherichia coli;and from joint fluid, 33% were S. aureus and 22% for P. aeruginosa. The overall susceptibility profile showed 29% extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL), 10% methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and 8% carbapenemases. Conclusion: Bacteriological profile is characterized by ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae and MRSA. The most active antibiotics were macrolides, aminoglycosides, and cefoxitin (methicillin) for Gram-positive cocci, carbapenems, and aminoglycosides for Gram-negative bacilli. Then, the monitoring of antibiotics resistance must be permanent.展开更多
Urban areas deal with the emergence or resurgence of transmissible and non-transmissible diseases, linked in particular to urban lifestyle and sanitation issues. Human practices create or maintain conditions that favo...Urban areas deal with the emergence or resurgence of transmissible and non-transmissible diseases, linked in particular to urban lifestyle and sanitation issues. Human practices create or maintain conditions that favour mosquitoes’ breeding. This study investigates mosquito breeding sites characteristics in Ouagadougou, from September to November 2020. Mosquito larvae were sampled across three districts in the city, chosen based on socio-demographic and urbanization levels. The larval collection from natural breeding sites using the ladle technique and larvae transferred to can. For artificial sites, the larvae were transferred directly into can Larvae were collected from 83 breeding sites, predominantly artificial: 39% in plastic containers, 23% in clay containers, and 13% in metal, while natural sites like puddles accounted for only 25%. A total of 8352 mosquitoes were identified as six species: Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles gambiae s.l., Anopheles funestus, and Mansonia africana. Ae. aegypti was the most prevalent, found across all breeding site types, whereas Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles gambiae were mainly in natural sites. Physico-chemical analysis of the breeding sites revealed that conductivity and turbidity were consistent across breeding sites. The highest median pH values were observed in ceramic and metal containers. Water temperature showed minimal variation. The presence of Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus correlated with higher water temperature, turbidity, and conductivity. Anopheles funestus preferred high pH environments. Conversely, Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, and Mansonia africana were less influenced by these parameters. The findings underscore the need for community involvement in water and waste management to control mosquito populations, especially targeting the Aedes aegypti species. Raising awareness among locals about proper water storage and disposal practices is crucial for effective vector control.展开更多
Introduction: Neonatal mortality remains a major public health concern. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), the number of newborns dying each year has fallen from 5 million in 1990 to 2.4 million in 2019...Introduction: Neonatal mortality remains a major public health concern. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), the number of newborns dying each year has fallen from 5 million in 1990 to 2.4 million in 2019. The aim of our study was to describe the main morbid conditions and their lethality in newborns admitted to the paediatric ward of the CSREF in Commune V. Methodology: We conducted a 12-month prospective descriptive and analytical study from August 2020 to July 2021. Results: During the 12 months of the study, out of 2654 neonates admitted to hospital, 216 met our inclusion criteria, i.e. 8%. Newborns admitted in the first few hours of life represented 99.54% of cases. Full-term newborns accounted for 65.74% of the total. Forty-eight percent of newborns had hypothermia on admission. The most common diagnosis was asphyxia in 55.56% of cases, followed by neonatal infection in 27.78% and prematurity in 10.65%. Death was recorded in 22.2% of cases. Asphyxia was the main cause of neonatal death, followed by prematurity in our context. Conclusion: Improving the prognosis of newborn babies will require a thorough understanding of neonatal pathologies and the implementation of a pre- and perinatal prevention policy.展开更多
Introduction: Upper digestive hemorrhage is one of the main digestive emergencies and remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Mali. The aim of this study was to describe the therapeutic profile and outcome...Introduction: Upper digestive hemorrhage is one of the main digestive emergencies and remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Mali. The aim of this study was to describe the therapeutic profile and outcome of patients suffering from upper digestive haemorrhage. Methodology: This was a prospective study carried out in the internal medicine department of the Sikasso Regional Hospital from August 2022 to July 2023. All adult patients presenting with upper digestive haemorrhage and having given their consent, were included. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 software. Results: Sixty-three patients were enrolled. The mean age was 49.7 ± 18.99 years, with a male-female sex ratio of 2.2. Ruptured esophageal varices (37.5%) and peptic ulcer (25%) were the main etiologies. Pharmacological treatment was dominated by proton pump inhibitors (85.7%). Hemostasis endoscopy accounted for 3.17%. The evolution was marked by hemorrhagic arrest (69.84%), recurrence of hemorrhage (11.11%) and death (19.04%), the main cause of which was hemorrhagic shock (58.3%). We found no statistically significant relationship between prognosis and etiologies (P = 0.11), and length of hospital stay (P = 0.18). Conclusion: Hemostasis endoscopy remains a challenge for Sikasso Hospital. A holistic strategy of communication and community awareness-raising, combined with adequate technical facilities, will help to improve patient care and outcomes.展开更多
Introduction: Infant and child mortality is a worldwide concern, but developing countries such as Mali are more affected. The aim of this study was to investigate morbidity and factors associated with mortality in chi...Introduction: Infant and child mortality is a worldwide concern, but developing countries such as Mali are more affected. The aim of this study was to investigate morbidity and factors associated with mortality in children aged 1 month to 15 years. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study which took place from January 1 to December 31, 2020 covering children aged 1 month to 15 years hospitalized at the Kalaban-Coro CSRéf. Data were entered into Excel and analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Results: Five hundred children aged 1 months to 15 years were included. The age range 1 to 5 years (53.6%) and male sex (58.2%) were the most represented. Malaria (72.2%), acute respiratory infections (6.2%) and diarrhea/dehydration (3%) were the main morbidities. Mortality was estimated at 10.6%, and the two main causes of death were malaria (56.6%) and acute respiratory infections (7.54%). Univariate analysis revealed a statistically significant association between the dependent variable (death) and age (p Conclusion: This study confirms the high rate of infant and child morbidity and mortality in our health facilities. Strengthening human resources and intensifying behavior-change communication can help reverse the trend.展开更多
This study introduces the Orbit Weighting Scheme(OWS),a novel approach aimed at enhancing the precision and efficiency of Vector Space information retrieval(IR)models,which have traditionally relied on weighting schem...This study introduces the Orbit Weighting Scheme(OWS),a novel approach aimed at enhancing the precision and efficiency of Vector Space information retrieval(IR)models,which have traditionally relied on weighting schemes like tf-idf and BM25.These conventional methods often struggle with accurately capturing document relevance,leading to inefficiencies in both retrieval performance and index size management.OWS proposes a dynamic weighting mechanism that evaluates the significance of terms based on their orbital position within the vector space,emphasizing term relationships and distribution patterns overlooked by existing models.Our research focuses on evaluating OWS’s impact on model accuracy using Information Retrieval metrics like Recall,Precision,InterpolatedAverage Precision(IAP),andMeanAverage Precision(MAP).Additionally,we assessOWS’s effectiveness in reducing the inverted index size,crucial for model efficiency.We compare OWS-based retrieval models against others using different schemes,including tf-idf variations and BM25Delta.Results reveal OWS’s superiority,achieving a 54%Recall and 81%MAP,and a notable 38%reduction in the inverted index size.This highlights OWS’s potential in optimizing retrieval processes and underscores the need for further research in this underrepresented area to fully leverage OWS’s capabilities in information retrieval methodologies.展开更多
Introduction: Malnutrition is a major public health problem in Mali, despite the efforts of the government, its technical and financial partners. The aim of this study was to evaluate the integrated management program...Introduction: Malnutrition is a major public health problem in Mali, despite the efforts of the government, its technical and financial partners. The aim of this study was to evaluate the integrated management program for acute malnutrition (IMPAM). Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study that took place from January to December 2020 in the Douentza health district. The study included anyone with at least one malnourished child aged 6 to 59 months in their care who agreed to take part in the study, community health center staff who had given their consent, and the URENI manager at the Douentza reference health center. Data collected via questionnaires were entered into Excel and then analyzed using Epi-Info version 7 software. Results: A total of 138 acutely malnourished children aged 6 - 59 months, including 71 girls (51.45%), 138 accompanying mothers and 11 health workers, were included in our case study. Among the malnourished, 54.34% were in the 12 - 23 months age group and 69.57% had the severe form. 93% of the mothers interviewed were satisfied with the care provided, and all the health staff interviewed stated that community conflicts had an impact on IMPAM’s activities. Cure rates were 81% in Moderate Outpatient Nutritional Recovery and Education Unit (URENAM), 84% in Severe Ambulatory Nutritional Recovery and Education Unit (URENAS) and 92% in Recovery and Intensive Nutritional Education Unit (URENI). Drop-out rates were 19% in URENAM, 16% in URENAS and 0% in URENI. The death rate was 8% in URENI and 0% in URENAM and URENAS. Conclusion: This study confirms the high prevalence of malnutrition in the district (10.54%). It also reveals that factors such as inter-community conflict and insecurity have seriously affected the IMPAM program.展开更多
We introduce the quiver of a bicomodule over a cosemisimple coalgebra. Applying this to the coradical C0 of an arbitrary coalgebra C, we give an alternative definition of the Gabriel quiver of C, and then show that it...We introduce the quiver of a bicomodule over a cosemisimple coalgebra. Applying this to the coradical C0 of an arbitrary coalgebra C, we give an alternative definition of the Gabriel quiver of C, and then show that it coincides with the known Ext quiver of C and the link quiver of C. The dual Gabriel theorem for a coalgebra with a separable coradical is obtained, which generalizes the corresponding result for a pointed coalgebra. We also give a new description of C1 = C0 ∧C C0 of any coalgebra C, which can be regarded as a generalization of the first part of the well-known Taft-Wilson Theorem for pointed coal-gebras. As applications, we give a characterization of locally finite coalgebras via their Gabriel quivers, and a property of the Gabriel quiver of a quasi-coFrobenius coalgebra.展开更多
Microporous chitosan （CS） membranes were directly prepared by extraction of poly（ethylene glycol） （PEG） from CS/PEG blend membrane and were examined for iron and manganese ions removal from aqueous solutions. Th...Microporous chitosan （CS） membranes were directly prepared by extraction of poly（ethylene glycol） （PEG） from CS/PEG blend membrane and were examined for iron and manganese ions removal from aqueous solutions. The different variables affecting the adsorption capacity of the membranes such as contact time, pH of the sorption medium, and initial metal ion concentration in the feed solution were investigated on a batch adsorption basis. The affinity of CS/PEG blend membrane to adsorb Fe（II） ions is higher than that of Mn（II） ions, with adsorption equilibrium achieved after 60 min for Fe（II） and Mn（II） ions. By increasing CS]PEG ratio in the blend membrane the adsorption capacity of metal ions increased. Among all parameters, pH has the most significant effect on the adsorption capacity, particularly in the range of 2.9-5.9. The increase in CS/PEG ratio was found to enhance the adsorption capacity of the membranes. The effects of initial concentration of metal ions on the extent of metal ions removal were investigated in detail. The experimental data were better fitted to Freundlich equation than Langmuir. In addition, it was found that the iron and manganese ions adsorbed on the membranes can be effectively desorbed in 0.1 mol/L HCl solution （up to 98% desorption efficiency） and the blend membranes can be reused almost without loss of the adsorption capacity for iron and manganese ions.展开更多
Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne disease caused by four related but antigenically distinct dengue viruses. In the last half-century, the prevalence of dengue fever has increased dramatically (up to 30%) worldwide, esp...Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne disease caused by four related but antigenically distinct dengue viruses. In the last half-century, the prevalence of dengue fever has increased dramatically (up to 30%) worldwide, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Burkina Faso, the last dengue epidemic occurred in 2016, and the epidemiological situation is still poorly documented at the national level. Therefore, the present study aimed to conduct a sentinel seroepidemiology of suspected dengue virus infections from 2017 to 2020 at Charles de Gaulle University Pediatric Hospital Center of Ouagadougou. This investigation was designed to be a descriptive and analytical study. Patients with suspected cases of dengue fever were recruited from January 2017 to December 2020 during general medicine consultation and referred to Charles de Gaulle University Pediatric Hospital Center of Ouagadougou for the serological diagnosis of dengue. Venous blood was collected in dry or EDTA tubes and tested for DENV NS1 antigen, anti-dengue IgM, and anti-dengue IgG using SD Bioline Dengue Duo Rapid Detection Kit (Standard Diagnostic Inc., Korea). A total of 3400 blood samples from clinically suspected dengue cases were analyzed, of which 1784 (52.5%) were males, and 1616 (47.5%) were females. Among the 3400 patients included in the study, 661 (19.4%) were tested at least positive for NS1 antigen, anti-dengue IgM or anti-IgG. Among them, individuals positive for IgG suggesting past dengue virus infection were found in more than a third of 262 (7.7%) of the cases. Approximately, 80.0% (2705/3400) dengue suspected cases and 85.5% (341/399) early or primary dengue infections were recorded in the last four months of the study (September to December 2020), with a peak in mid-October and mid-November. There was no statistically significant difference in seroprevalence between males and females (p = 0.7), but an increasing seropositivity trend with age, from 11.6% for the patient under 5 years group to 39.7% for 30 years and over age group were noted. Thi展开更多
This paper offers preliminary work on system dynamics and Data mining tools. It tries to understand the dynamics of carrying out large-scale events, such as Hajj. The study looks at a large, recurring problem as a var...This paper offers preliminary work on system dynamics and Data mining tools. It tries to understand the dynamics of carrying out large-scale events, such as Hajj. The study looks at a large, recurring problem as a variable to consider, such as how the flow of people changes over time as well as how location interacts with placement. The predicted data is analyzed using Vensim PLE 32 modeling software, GIS Arc Map 10.2.1, and AnyLogic 7.3.1 software regarding the potential placement of temporal service points, taking into consideration the three dynamic constraints and behavioral aspects: a large population, limitation in time, and space. This research proposes appropriate data analyses to ensure the optimal positioning of the service points with limited time and space for large-scale events. The conceptual framework would be the output of this study. Knowledge may be added to the insights based on the technique.展开更多
文摘AIM: To evaluate the role of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in cirrhotic patients who have hepatic and renal impairment with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP).
文摘Infectious diseases of poverty(IDoP)disproportionately affect the poorest population in the world and contribute to a cycle of poverty as a result of decreased productivity ensuing from long-term illness,disability,and social stigma.In 2010,the global deaths from HIV/AIDS have increased to 1.5 million and malaria mortality rose to 1.17 million.Mortality from neglected tropical diseases rose to 152,000,while tuberculosis killed 1.2 million people that same year.Substantial regional variations exist in the distribution of these diseases as they are primarily concentrated in rural areas of Sub-Saharan Africa,Asia,and Latin America,with geographic overlap and high levels of co-infection.Evidence-based interventions exist to prevent and control these diseases,however,the coverage still remains low with an emerging challenge of antimicrobial resistance.Therefore,community-based delivery platforms are increasingly being advocated to ensure sustainability and combat co-infections.Because of the high morbidity and mortality burden of these diseases,especially in resource-poor settings,it is imperative to conduct a systematic review to identify strategies to prevent and control these diseases.Therefore,we attempted to evaluate the effectiveness of one of these strategies,that is community-based delivery for the prevention and treatment of IDoP.In this paper,we describe the burden,epidemiology,and potential interventions for IDoP.In subsequent papers of this series,we describe the analytical framework and the methodology used to guide the systematic reviews,and report the findings and interpretations of our analyses of the impact of community-based strategies on individual IDoPs.
文摘Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play a critical role in food, agricultural, and clinical applications. The fast growing characteristics of LAB and their metabolic activity have been the key in most applications including food production, agricultural industry, and probiotics. However, the biochemical and biophysical environments have significant effect on the growth and metabolic activity of LAB. While the biochemical conditions are most likely established, controlling and optimizing of biochemical conditions have many limitations and challenges. In addition to selecting the right strain, desirable metabolic processes required optimizing and controlling the available nutrients including sugars, peptides, free amino acids, minerals, and vitamins in addition to buffering agents. Thus, much of research was conducted to understand the impact of available nutrients on the growth and metabolic activities of LAB. However, only a few nutritional parameters could be controlled at a time while holding other parameters constant. The nutritional parameters may also interact with each other resulting in faulty results. Characteristics of LAB such as fastidiousness in their nutritional requirements, ability to produce acid and antimicrobial compounds, and variations in the nutritional requirements among strains have added additional limitations and challenges in this regard. Thus, chemically defined media (CDM) were suggested to deal with different limitations and challenges. However, due to differences in growth conditions, results obtained in CDM may face some obstacles when it comes to industrial applications. Thus, this paper aimed to review the recent data in regard to the role of the nutritional requirements of LAB in optimizing and controlling metabolic activities and to discuss the associated limitations and challenges.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFD0801003)。
文摘Zero-valent iron amended biochar(ZVIB)has been proposed as a promising material in immobilizing heavy metals in paddy fields.In this study,the impacts of p H of ZVIB(p H 6.3 and p H 9.7)and watering management techniques(watering amount in the order of CON(control,5/72)>3/72>1-3/72>3/100>1/72,with 5/72,for example,representing irrigation given to 5 cm above soil surface in 72 hr regular interval)on As and Cd bioavailability for rice and its grain yield(Yield BR)were investigated in a pot experiment.Brown rice As(As BR)content was irrelative to the watering treatments,while significantly decreased(>50%)with the addition of both ZVIB materials.The diminutions of brown rice Cd(Cd BR)content as well as the Yield BR were highly dependent on both the soil amendment materials’p H and watering amount.Among all the watering treatments,3/72 treatment(15%less irrigation water than the CON)with ZVIB 6.3 amendment was the optimum fit for simultaneous reduction of As BR(50%)and Cd BR contents(19%)as well as for significant increment(12%)of the Yield BR.Although high pH(9.7)ZVIB application could also efficiently decrease As and Cd contents in brown rice,it might risk grain yield lost if appropriate(e.g.3/72 in our study)watering management technique was not chosen.Therefore,ZVIB would be an environmentally friendly option as an amendment material with proper selection of watering management technique to utilize As and Cd co-contaminated arable soils safely for paddy cultivation.
基金supported in part by National Key Research and Development Program under Grant No. 2016YFC0803206China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant No.2016M600972
文摘Intellectualization has become a new trend for telecom industry, driven by intelligent technology including cloud computing, big data, and Internet of things. In order to satisfy the service demand of intelligent logistics, this paper designed an intelligent logistics platform containing the main applications such as e-commerce, self-service transceiver, big data analysis, path location and distribution optimization. The intelligent logistics service platform has been built based on cloud computing to collect, store and handling multi-source heterogeneous mass data from sensors, RFID electronic tag, vehicle terminals and APP, so that the open-access cloud services including distribution, positioning, navigation, scheduling and other data services can be provided for the logistics distribution applications. And then the architecture of intelligent logistics cloud platform containing software layer(SaaS), platform layer(PaaS) and infrastructure(IaaS) has been constructed accordance with the core technology relative high concurrent processing technique, heterogeneous terminal data access, encapsulation and data mining. Therefore, intelligent logistics cloud platform can be carried out by the service mode for implementation to accelerate the construction of the symbiotic win-winlogistics ecological system and the benign development of the ICT industry in the trend of intellectualization in China.
文摘The goal of this work is to improve the simultaneous removal of Pb2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+ ions from synthetic wastewater in a fixed bed column by incorporating sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) onto the surface of activated carbon made from coconut shells. The activated carbons were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX). The adsorption column dynamics were studied by varying the flow rates (5, 10 and 15 mL/min), bed heights (10, 15 and 20 cm), and initial concentrations (50, 150, and 250 mg/L). The activated carbon has a pore volume of 0.715 cm3/g and a BET-specific surface area of 1410 m2/g. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant incorporation onto the surface of the activated carbon enhances its capacity for simultaneous adsorption of Pb2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+ from the aqueous medium. The affinity of the heavy metals to both unmodified (AC) and modified (AC-SDS) activated carbons followed the order of Pb2+ > Cu2+ > Zn2+ > Cd2+. The dynamic adsorption of the column depends on the flow rate, bed height, initial metal concentration, and SDS surface modification. With a 5 mL/min flow rate, a 20 cm bed height, and a 50 mg/L initial metal concentration, a maximum break-through time of 150 minutes for the unmodified activated carbon (AC) and 180 minutes for the SDS-modified activated carbon (AC-SDS) was reached.
文摘Background: As the half-life of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) is very low, it reflects parathyroid insufficiency within minutes to hours after total thyroidectomy. Therefore, iPTH level assessment in the postoperative period can be used to predict the development of hypocalcaemia. The optimal time point to measure serum iPTH is important for the accurate prediction of hypocalcaemia. Aim: This paper aims to evaluate the ability of iPTH as an early predictive marker of hypocalcaemia and determine which time iPTH is more able to predict postoperative hypocalcaemia. Method: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, BSMMU, Dhaka, from July 2020 to December 2021, with 67 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy. iPTH levels were measured on the day before the operation and at 1 hour, 4 hours, and 24 hours after the operation. S.calcium levels were measured on the day before the operation and 1<sup>st</sup> postoperative day. All the data were compiled and sorted properly and were analyzed statistically. Results: Postoperative hypocalcaemia developed in 18 cases, with an incidence of 26.9%. Pearson correlation showed a significant correlation between postoperative iPTH at 1 hr, 4 h, and 24 hr with 1st postoperative calcium value. The Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was processed for the postoperative iPTH at 1 hr, 4 h, and 24 hr. The sensitivity, specificity, cut-off value, and mean AUC found 93.9%, 94.4%, ≤14.0, 0.988;95.9%, 94.4%, ≤09.5, 0.993 and 91.8%, 94.4%, ≤11.0, 0.993 respectively. Conclusion: iPTH can be used as an early predictor of post-thy-roidectomy hypocalcaemia. 4 hr iPTH showed more sensitivity and specificity for a cut-off value near the laboratory reference range.
文摘Evaluation of water quality is important for the management of water resources. The current study is focused on the interpretation of the water quality monitoring data of the Tigris River in Iraq by the application of the principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA), and water quality index (WQI). Twelve water quality parameters were taken from 14 stations along the river Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl−, SO42−, HCO3−, NO3−, TH, TDS, BOD5, and EC to apply the PCA and CA. The results show that the mean of all the parameters was under the standards except Ca2+, EC, Mg2+, TH, and SO42−. The amount of EC is the critical factor that affects the river water quality. The PCA obtained one principal component responsible for 97% of the variation caused by different pollution sources. The CA divided the river into three regions of sampling stations with similar water quality, the best in the north, and the worst in the far south. In this paper, the computer-automated tool (IraqWQI) was presented and evaluated, which has been developed by authors to classify and measure the quality of Iraqi surface water. The proposed index is of hundred degrees and includes six variables for drinking water quality Cl−, TH, TDS, COD, DO, and total coliform (TC) according to the Iraqi specifications. The result of the IraqWQI application showed a decrease in the water quality of the river and its suitability for drinking in the south of the country. The best value of the index was (81.48, Good) in Fishkhabour during winter, and the worst value was (46.23, Bad) in Qurnah during summer. The result of this study proved the success and importance of using statistical techniques and WQI as useful tools for the management, control, and conservation of surface water. .
文摘In this article, we investigated the influence of size and initial water content on the effective diffusion coefficient of sweet potatoes samples cut into cubic and cylindrical shapes. The sizes of the cubic samples are 0.5, 1, 1.5, 1.75, 2, 2.5 and 3 cm edge with a respective initial water content of 2.7, 3.76, 3.48, 2.68, 3.28, 2.17 and 2.29 kg/kgms. For cylindrical samples, the radius is set at 0.5 cm and sample heights are 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5 and 4 cm with respective water contents of 2.2, 3.19, 2.85, 2.1, 2.17, 2.39 and 2.03 kg/kgms. The effective diffusion coefficients of cubic samples are of the order of 10−10 and 10−9 m2∙s−1 grew with sample edge. As for the cylindrical samples, the effective diffusion coefficients were of the order of 10−9 m2∙s−1 and there was no linear correlation between cylinder height and their effective diffusion coefficient. As for the examination of the initial water content on the effective diffusion coefficient, it turned out that the initial water content had no influence on the effective diffusion coefficient of the sweet potato samples.
文摘Introduction: Microbiology of effusion fluids in children in Burkina Faso is characterized by the scarcity of data. This work aimed to study the bacteriological and antibiotics susceptibility profile of bacteria involved in effusion fluid infections in paediatrics in order to improve the choice of probabilistic antibiotics therapy. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was used in children aged 0 to 15 years from 2017 to 2020 at the Charles De Gaulle Pediatric University Hospital Center (CHUP-CDG) in Ouagadougou. Classical bacteriology methods such as macroscopy, Gram staining, identification galleries and antibiotics susceptibility testing were used. Results: Of 231 samples, 64 bacteria were isolated. The most common bacterial strains of pleural fluid were Staphylococcus aureus (25%) and 40% for Enterobacteriaceae. Of the peritoneal fluid, 77% were Enterobacteriaceae with 57% Escherichia coli;and from joint fluid, 33% were S. aureus and 22% for P. aeruginosa. The overall susceptibility profile showed 29% extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL), 10% methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and 8% carbapenemases. Conclusion: Bacteriological profile is characterized by ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae and MRSA. The most active antibiotics were macrolides, aminoglycosides, and cefoxitin (methicillin) for Gram-positive cocci, carbapenems, and aminoglycosides for Gram-negative bacilli. Then, the monitoring of antibiotics resistance must be permanent.
文摘Urban areas deal with the emergence or resurgence of transmissible and non-transmissible diseases, linked in particular to urban lifestyle and sanitation issues. Human practices create or maintain conditions that favour mosquitoes’ breeding. This study investigates mosquito breeding sites characteristics in Ouagadougou, from September to November 2020. Mosquito larvae were sampled across three districts in the city, chosen based on socio-demographic and urbanization levels. The larval collection from natural breeding sites using the ladle technique and larvae transferred to can. For artificial sites, the larvae were transferred directly into can Larvae were collected from 83 breeding sites, predominantly artificial: 39% in plastic containers, 23% in clay containers, and 13% in metal, while natural sites like puddles accounted for only 25%. A total of 8352 mosquitoes were identified as six species: Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles gambiae s.l., Anopheles funestus, and Mansonia africana. Ae. aegypti was the most prevalent, found across all breeding site types, whereas Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles gambiae were mainly in natural sites. Physico-chemical analysis of the breeding sites revealed that conductivity and turbidity were consistent across breeding sites. The highest median pH values were observed in ceramic and metal containers. Water temperature showed minimal variation. The presence of Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus correlated with higher water temperature, turbidity, and conductivity. Anopheles funestus preferred high pH environments. Conversely, Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, and Mansonia africana were less influenced by these parameters. The findings underscore the need for community involvement in water and waste management to control mosquito populations, especially targeting the Aedes aegypti species. Raising awareness among locals about proper water storage and disposal practices is crucial for effective vector control.
文摘Introduction: Neonatal mortality remains a major public health concern. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), the number of newborns dying each year has fallen from 5 million in 1990 to 2.4 million in 2019. The aim of our study was to describe the main morbid conditions and their lethality in newborns admitted to the paediatric ward of the CSREF in Commune V. Methodology: We conducted a 12-month prospective descriptive and analytical study from August 2020 to July 2021. Results: During the 12 months of the study, out of 2654 neonates admitted to hospital, 216 met our inclusion criteria, i.e. 8%. Newborns admitted in the first few hours of life represented 99.54% of cases. Full-term newborns accounted for 65.74% of the total. Forty-eight percent of newborns had hypothermia on admission. The most common diagnosis was asphyxia in 55.56% of cases, followed by neonatal infection in 27.78% and prematurity in 10.65%. Death was recorded in 22.2% of cases. Asphyxia was the main cause of neonatal death, followed by prematurity in our context. Conclusion: Improving the prognosis of newborn babies will require a thorough understanding of neonatal pathologies and the implementation of a pre- and perinatal prevention policy.
文摘Introduction: Upper digestive hemorrhage is one of the main digestive emergencies and remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Mali. The aim of this study was to describe the therapeutic profile and outcome of patients suffering from upper digestive haemorrhage. Methodology: This was a prospective study carried out in the internal medicine department of the Sikasso Regional Hospital from August 2022 to July 2023. All adult patients presenting with upper digestive haemorrhage and having given their consent, were included. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 software. Results: Sixty-three patients were enrolled. The mean age was 49.7 ± 18.99 years, with a male-female sex ratio of 2.2. Ruptured esophageal varices (37.5%) and peptic ulcer (25%) were the main etiologies. Pharmacological treatment was dominated by proton pump inhibitors (85.7%). Hemostasis endoscopy accounted for 3.17%. The evolution was marked by hemorrhagic arrest (69.84%), recurrence of hemorrhage (11.11%) and death (19.04%), the main cause of which was hemorrhagic shock (58.3%). We found no statistically significant relationship between prognosis and etiologies (P = 0.11), and length of hospital stay (P = 0.18). Conclusion: Hemostasis endoscopy remains a challenge for Sikasso Hospital. A holistic strategy of communication and community awareness-raising, combined with adequate technical facilities, will help to improve patient care and outcomes.
文摘Introduction: Infant and child mortality is a worldwide concern, but developing countries such as Mali are more affected. The aim of this study was to investigate morbidity and factors associated with mortality in children aged 1 month to 15 years. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study which took place from January 1 to December 31, 2020 covering children aged 1 month to 15 years hospitalized at the Kalaban-Coro CSRéf. Data were entered into Excel and analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Results: Five hundred children aged 1 months to 15 years were included. The age range 1 to 5 years (53.6%) and male sex (58.2%) were the most represented. Malaria (72.2%), acute respiratory infections (6.2%) and diarrhea/dehydration (3%) were the main morbidities. Mortality was estimated at 10.6%, and the two main causes of death were malaria (56.6%) and acute respiratory infections (7.54%). Univariate analysis revealed a statistically significant association between the dependent variable (death) and age (p Conclusion: This study confirms the high rate of infant and child morbidity and mortality in our health facilities. Strengthening human resources and intensifying behavior-change communication can help reverse the trend.
文摘This study introduces the Orbit Weighting Scheme(OWS),a novel approach aimed at enhancing the precision and efficiency of Vector Space information retrieval(IR)models,which have traditionally relied on weighting schemes like tf-idf and BM25.These conventional methods often struggle with accurately capturing document relevance,leading to inefficiencies in both retrieval performance and index size management.OWS proposes a dynamic weighting mechanism that evaluates the significance of terms based on their orbital position within the vector space,emphasizing term relationships and distribution patterns overlooked by existing models.Our research focuses on evaluating OWS’s impact on model accuracy using Information Retrieval metrics like Recall,Precision,InterpolatedAverage Precision(IAP),andMeanAverage Precision(MAP).Additionally,we assessOWS’s effectiveness in reducing the inverted index size,crucial for model efficiency.We compare OWS-based retrieval models against others using different schemes,including tf-idf variations and BM25Delta.Results reveal OWS’s superiority,achieving a 54%Recall and 81%MAP,and a notable 38%reduction in the inverted index size.This highlights OWS’s potential in optimizing retrieval processes and underscores the need for further research in this underrepresented area to fully leverage OWS’s capabilities in information retrieval methodologies.
文摘Introduction: Malnutrition is a major public health problem in Mali, despite the efforts of the government, its technical and financial partners. The aim of this study was to evaluate the integrated management program for acute malnutrition (IMPAM). Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study that took place from January to December 2020 in the Douentza health district. The study included anyone with at least one malnourished child aged 6 to 59 months in their care who agreed to take part in the study, community health center staff who had given their consent, and the URENI manager at the Douentza reference health center. Data collected via questionnaires were entered into Excel and then analyzed using Epi-Info version 7 software. Results: A total of 138 acutely malnourished children aged 6 - 59 months, including 71 girls (51.45%), 138 accompanying mothers and 11 health workers, were included in our case study. Among the malnourished, 54.34% were in the 12 - 23 months age group and 69.57% had the severe form. 93% of the mothers interviewed were satisfied with the care provided, and all the health staff interviewed stated that community conflicts had an impact on IMPAM’s activities. Cure rates were 81% in Moderate Outpatient Nutritional Recovery and Education Unit (URENAM), 84% in Severe Ambulatory Nutritional Recovery and Education Unit (URENAS) and 92% in Recovery and Intensive Nutritional Education Unit (URENI). Drop-out rates were 19% in URENAM, 16% in URENAS and 0% in URENI. The death rate was 8% in URENI and 0% in URENAM and URENAS. Conclusion: This study confirms the high prevalence of malnutrition in the district (10.54%). It also reveals that factors such as inter-community conflict and insecurity have seriously affected the IMPAM program.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.10271113&10301033)the Doctoral Foundation of the Chinese Education Ministry.
文摘We introduce the quiver of a bicomodule over a cosemisimple coalgebra. Applying this to the coradical C0 of an arbitrary coalgebra C, we give an alternative definition of the Gabriel quiver of C, and then show that it coincides with the known Ext quiver of C and the link quiver of C. The dual Gabriel theorem for a coalgebra with a separable coradical is obtained, which generalizes the corresponding result for a pointed coalgebra. We also give a new description of C1 = C0 ∧C C0 of any coalgebra C, which can be regarded as a generalization of the first part of the well-known Taft-Wilson Theorem for pointed coal-gebras. As applications, we give a characterization of locally finite coalgebras via their Gabriel quivers, and a property of the Gabriel quiver of a quasi-coFrobenius coalgebra.
基金supported by the Housing & Building National Research Centre in EgyptCentral Metallurgical R & D Institute (CMRDI)
文摘Microporous chitosan （CS） membranes were directly prepared by extraction of poly（ethylene glycol） （PEG） from CS/PEG blend membrane and were examined for iron and manganese ions removal from aqueous solutions. The different variables affecting the adsorption capacity of the membranes such as contact time, pH of the sorption medium, and initial metal ion concentration in the feed solution were investigated on a batch adsorption basis. The affinity of CS/PEG blend membrane to adsorb Fe（II） ions is higher than that of Mn（II） ions, with adsorption equilibrium achieved after 60 min for Fe（II） and Mn（II） ions. By increasing CS]PEG ratio in the blend membrane the adsorption capacity of metal ions increased. Among all parameters, pH has the most significant effect on the adsorption capacity, particularly in the range of 2.9-5.9. The increase in CS/PEG ratio was found to enhance the adsorption capacity of the membranes. The effects of initial concentration of metal ions on the extent of metal ions removal were investigated in detail. The experimental data were better fitted to Freundlich equation than Langmuir. In addition, it was found that the iron and manganese ions adsorbed on the membranes can be effectively desorbed in 0.1 mol/L HCl solution （up to 98% desorption efficiency） and the blend membranes can be reused almost without loss of the adsorption capacity for iron and manganese ions.
文摘Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne disease caused by four related but antigenically distinct dengue viruses. In the last half-century, the prevalence of dengue fever has increased dramatically (up to 30%) worldwide, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Burkina Faso, the last dengue epidemic occurred in 2016, and the epidemiological situation is still poorly documented at the national level. Therefore, the present study aimed to conduct a sentinel seroepidemiology of suspected dengue virus infections from 2017 to 2020 at Charles de Gaulle University Pediatric Hospital Center of Ouagadougou. This investigation was designed to be a descriptive and analytical study. Patients with suspected cases of dengue fever were recruited from January 2017 to December 2020 during general medicine consultation and referred to Charles de Gaulle University Pediatric Hospital Center of Ouagadougou for the serological diagnosis of dengue. Venous blood was collected in dry or EDTA tubes and tested for DENV NS1 antigen, anti-dengue IgM, and anti-dengue IgG using SD Bioline Dengue Duo Rapid Detection Kit (Standard Diagnostic Inc., Korea). A total of 3400 blood samples from clinically suspected dengue cases were analyzed, of which 1784 (52.5%) were males, and 1616 (47.5%) were females. Among the 3400 patients included in the study, 661 (19.4%) were tested at least positive for NS1 antigen, anti-dengue IgM or anti-IgG. Among them, individuals positive for IgG suggesting past dengue virus infection were found in more than a third of 262 (7.7%) of the cases. Approximately, 80.0% (2705/3400) dengue suspected cases and 85.5% (341/399) early or primary dengue infections were recorded in the last four months of the study (September to December 2020), with a peak in mid-October and mid-November. There was no statistically significant difference in seroprevalence between males and females (p = 0.7), but an increasing seropositivity trend with age, from 11.6% for the patient under 5 years group to 39.7% for 30 years and over age group were noted. Thi
文摘This paper offers preliminary work on system dynamics and Data mining tools. It tries to understand the dynamics of carrying out large-scale events, such as Hajj. The study looks at a large, recurring problem as a variable to consider, such as how the flow of people changes over time as well as how location interacts with placement. The predicted data is analyzed using Vensim PLE 32 modeling software, GIS Arc Map 10.2.1, and AnyLogic 7.3.1 software regarding the potential placement of temporal service points, taking into consideration the three dynamic constraints and behavioral aspects: a large population, limitation in time, and space. This research proposes appropriate data analyses to ensure the optimal positioning of the service points with limited time and space for large-scale events. The conceptual framework would be the output of this study. Knowledge may be added to the insights based on the technique.
