To evaluate the effects of inflammatory bowel diseases(IBDs)on human reproduction,we reviewed the current literature using a systematic search for published studies(articles and/or abstracts)without limits for English...To evaluate the effects of inflammatory bowel diseases(IBDs)on human reproduction,we reviewed the current literature using a systematic search for published studies(articles and/or abstracts)without limits for English language.We searched on Medline(through PubMed),the Institute for Scientific Information,the Web of Science and the websites for the registration of controlled trials(http://controlled-trials.com/).Bibliographies of retrieved articles,books,expert opinion review articles and reviewed bibliographies from subject experts were manually searched.Titles and abstracts were screened initially,and potential relevant articles were identified and reviewed.Whenever possible,data were analyzed by comparing IBD patients vs healthy controls,and patients with active IBDs vs those with disease in remission.The effects of IBDs on female fertility,fertility in infertile couples,pregnancy and male infertility were examined separately.Patients with IBDs in remission have normal fertility.At the moment,there is no established guideline for the preservation of fertility in women with IBD undergoing surgery.Further data are needed regarding guidelines for the management of these patients.Data regarding IBDs and infertility are currently completely lacking.Considering the prevalence of intestinal pathology in young adults of childbearing age,this field is of great scientific and clinical interest,opening up important future perspectives.Another important and as yet unexplored point is the response to treatments for infertility in patients with IBDs.In particular,the question is whether the reproductive outcomes(clinical and biological)can be influenced by the IBD of one of the partners.The goals for successful reproductive outcomes in IBD population are correct counseling and disease remission.IBDs significantly affect several reproductive aspects of human(female,male,couple)reproduction.Further data are needed to develop guidelines for the clinical management of subjects of reproductive age with IBDs.展开更多
Objective: To study the cell effects of raloxifene on uterine and leiomyoma tissue in postmenopausal women. Design: Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Setting: Department of Obstetrics an...Objective: To study the cell effects of raloxifene on uterine and leiomyoma tissue in postmenopausal women. Design: Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University “ Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Italy. Patient(s): Forty postmenopausal women affected by uterine leiomyomas and selected for hysterectomy. Intervention(s): Treatment for three cycles of 28 days with raloxifene at a dose of 180 mg/day orally (raloxifene group) or placebo tablets (3 tablets/day orally)-(placebo group). Main Outcome Measure(s): Uterine and leiomyoma dimensions were measured in each subject at entry and before surgery. On leiomyomas and homologous myometrium the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)--positive cells/total cells (PCNA/TC) and the Bcl-2-positive cells/Bax-positive cells (Bcl-2/Bax) ratios (% ), as proliferation and apoptotic indexes, respectively, were measured. Result(s): After treatment, uterine and leiomyoma sizes were significantly changed in comparison with baseline and the placebo group. PCNA/TC and Bcl-2/Bax ratios were significantly higher in leiomyomas than in homologous myometrium. A significant difference was detected in PCNA/TC between the myometrium of the raloxifene and control groups, whereas no difference was observed in the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. A significant difference in PCNA/TC and Bcl-2/Bax ratios was detected in leiomyoma tissue between the raloxifene group and controls. Conclusion(s): In postmenopausal women, raloxifene administration reduces uterine leiomyomas by exerting a cell antiproliferative and proapoptotic action.展开更多
Development perturbations may affect the regular phenotype and are commonly measured through fluctuat-ing asymmetry (FA) levels. Short-term climatic variations, that modify the temperature, can influence chemical and ...Development perturbations may affect the regular phenotype and are commonly measured through fluctuat-ing asymmetry (FA) levels. Short-term climatic variations, that modify the temperature, can influence chemical and physical water characteristics. Fishes have been used as model organisms for studying stress-induced changes in body symmetry, since they are ectothermic, good bioindicators, easy to find and having economic relevance. Northern pike being a holoarctic, big, edible, top predator is one of the most economically important freshwater fish for recreational and commercial fisheries and freshwater ecosystems management. The isolated population of Lake Trasimeno (Central Italy)—in good health conditions and that can be considered one of the genetically best conserved of Italy—, was chosen as model. FA, seven mi-crosatellite loci and early developmental stages were investigated in order to correlate the developmental stability of this population to its genetic variability and to environmental perturbations. The results obtained underlined a positive correlation (>>0.40) between FA indexes and temperature;the non-parametric Kruskall- Wallis test showed significant differences in FA levels for some FA indexes and parameters. Over-all results underlined that FA increased in individuals grown at a temperature above 8°C as compared with those grown at 5°C or at lower temperatures. Both positive and negative correlations between FA parameters and chemical and physical water characteristics were shown. The comparison of genetic and FA data under-lined a low correlation between microsatellite and FA pairwise distances, nevertheless a positive and signifi-cant correlation emerged for some FA measurements and microsatellite data. In particular, only Elu87 locus showed a statistical significant correlation versus total FA. Finally, as expected, results indicated that the in-cubation time was temperature-dependent;the ODT was in the range 8–10°C and lower and higher tempera-tures caused drastic embryo mortality.展开更多
A total of 5852 records concerning daily milk yield, content of protein and fat, and somatic cell count was recorded in two farms (organic and conventional). Somatic cell count was log10- transformed before analysis b...A total of 5852 records concerning daily milk yield, content of protein and fat, and somatic cell count was recorded in two farms (organic and conventional). Somatic cell count was log10- transformed before analysis because was not normally distributed. The mixed model methodology was used according to a repeated-measures scheme, as the restricted maximum likelihood method to estimate lactation curves at different season of calving and at different calving order. Calving order affected milk yield only in the first three calving order with the lowest production levels in the first six months of the year for both farm;no effect could be observed on fat and protein contents. The organic farm shows the minor milk production (7.77 vs8.10 kg/day/head organic and traditional respectively), but good qualitative characteristics of milk, and minor content of Somatic Cell Count. The milk production is major, in traditional farm, in summer respect the winter (10.4 vs6.34 kgof milk/day/ head). In biological farm no difference between seasons were observed. Peak milk yield occurs, for both farms, at around the 6th - 7th wk of lactation.展开更多
Food safety is a fundamental requirement in mass catering, as large numbers of meals are served each day to potentially vulnerable consumers, such as children. Food Business Operators implement plans for the microbiol...Food safety is a fundamental requirement in mass catering, as large numbers of meals are served each day to potentially vulnerable consumers, such as children. Food Business Operators implement plans for the microbiological monitoring of the meals prepared and served in the catering sector, and for the swab-sampling of surfaces. From January 2018 to June 2019, our laboratory analyzed both food and swab samples from four catering facilities. Considering the EFSA 2018 data, we specifically focused on samples analyzed for Bacillus cereus. Our data substantially showed episodic contamination due to a piece of equipment that is not usually subjected to microbiological control, thus suggesting that every aspect should be scrutinized in order to identify critical points. While Bacillus cereus is widespread in nature and common in soil, it is adapted for growth in the intestinal tracts of insects and mammals. It is often present in a variety of foods, and may cause an emetic or a diarrheal type of food-associated illness. B. cereus produces several toxins. Multiplex PCR enables seven toxin genes to be detected (hblC, hblD, hblA, nheA, nheB, nheC and cytK).展开更多
Introduction: the demand for urgent obstetric and gynecology care has progressively increased: in the United States approximately 1.4 million gynecologic visits are made to the emergency department (ED) annually, whil...Introduction: the demand for urgent obstetric and gynecology care has progressively increased: in the United States approximately 1.4 million gynecologic visits are made to the emergency department (ED) annually, while almost 75% of women make at least 1 unscheduled visit during pregnancy. Moreover, research has recently focused on setting standards in unscheduled care, and developing quality indicators to improve patients’ health. Therefore, we investigated the characteristics of women with acute gynecological or pregnancy complaints using quality indicators developed for emergency medicine, to better define the needs of this population and improve care. Methods: Retrospective cohort study on ED, and Obstetrics and Gynecology (ObGyn) triage visits, at a tertiary care hospital in Italy, during 2012. Data were analyzed with population-averaged logistic regression and Poisson regression. Results: When compared to the 33,557 ED visits, the 9245 ObGyntriage referrals were more frequently associated with pregnancy (≤12 weeks’ gestation, OR: 30.7, 95%CI;24.5 - 38.4;>12 weeks’ gestation, OR 81.2, 95%CI;64.8 - 101.4), vaginal bleeding (OR 156.6, 95%CI;82.7 - 294.4), diurnal (night access OR 0.87, 95% CI;0.78 - 0.96) and weekday access (holiday access OR 0.87, 95%CI;0.78 - 0.95), frequent users (recurrent ED visits IRR 0.87, 95%CI;0.83 - 0.9) and lower hospital admissions (ED admission OR 1.6, 95%CI;1.4 - 1.8). Conclusion: ObGyn triage patients differed from ED users, and were at higher risk of “crowding”. Such diversities should be considered to improve female healthcare services and allocate resources more efficiently.展开更多
The trial was conducted on thirty buffalo cows subdivided in three groups. In the immediate pre-calving, 2.5 ml of Echinacea purpurea were orally administered to the first group (A) and, after calving, Nux vomica, Che...The trial was conducted on thirty buffalo cows subdivided in three groups. In the immediate pre-calving, 2.5 ml of Echinacea purpurea were orally administered to the first group (A) and, after calving, Nux vomica, Chelidonium and Lycopodium were administered at 7 days intervals. The second group (B) was only subjected to the post-calving treatment, while the third group (C) represented the control group. Immediately after calving two groups of calves were formed. The first group received 5 granules of Pyrogenium in the first days of life and then for 10 days the 0.5 ml of E. purpurea. The second group did not receive any remedy. Before the calving, in conventional farm twenty buffalo cows (D group) were vaccinated. Remedies administration did not affect milk protein content, milk lipid contents and the achievement of the lactation peak. Blood samples showed that total protein, albumin and globulin levels were lower in group A, compared to groups B and C. Cholesterol and urea were lower in the treated groups than in the control. We therefore conclude that the use of homeopathic remedies are a chance to improve animal welfare and their productive characteristics.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the injection of bupivacaine plu s epinephrine before laparoscopic myomectomy. METHODS: Sixty premenopausal women w ith uterine leiomyomata were enrolled in a randomized con...OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the injection of bupivacaine plu s epinephrine before laparoscopic myomectomy. METHODS: Sixty premenopausal women w ith uterine leiomyomata were enrolled in a randomized controlled design and intr aoperatively treated with injection of bupivacaine plus epinephrine (group A) or saline solution (group B) during laparoscopic myomectomy. Uterine size and volu me, number of leiomyomata, hematological parameters, total operative time, enucl eation time of each myoma, suturing time of the myomectomy, blood loss, degree o f surgical difficulty, and postoperative pain were evaluated. Just before and af ter the injection of vasoconstrictive or saline solution, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were recorded in each subject. RESULTS: Blood los s, total operative and enucleation time, and degree of surgical difficulty was s ignificantly (P < .05) lower in group A than in group B. No difference was obser ved between groups in suturing time of the myomectomy. The number of vials of pa in medication used postoperatively was significantly (P < .05) lower in group A than in group B. No differences in systolic and diastolic blood pressure or hear t rate was recorded between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION: The injection of bupivacai ne plus epinephrine during laparoscopic myomectomy is effective in reducing bloo d loss, total operative and enucleation time, degree of surgical difficulty, and postoperative pain.展开更多
Objective: This study was undertaken to compare the quality of life (QoL) in women with early stage endometrial cancer treated with 2 different surgical approaches. Study design: Eighty-four women with clinical stage ...Objective: This study was undertaken to compare the quality of life (QoL) in women with early stage endometrial cancer treated with 2 different surgical approaches. Study design: Eighty-four women with clinical stage I endometrial cancer were enrolled in a prospective randomized controlled trial design and treated with laparoscopic or laparotomic approach. Another 40 women matched for demographic characteristics were studied as controls. In patients, before and after surgery, and in their matched controls, QoL was evaluated by using the Short-Form Healthy Survey (SF-36) and the climacteric symptoms using the Kupperman Index (KI). Results: After randomi-zation, no difference was detected in data recorded between the groups. At entry, QoL was similar in both treatment groups but significantly (P < .05) worse in comparison with controls. Throughout the study, QoL was significantly (P < .05) higher in laparoscopic group versus laparotomic group. After KI adjustment our data did not change. Conclusion: In early stage endometrial cancer, the laparoscopic approach provides significant benefits compared with laparotomy in terms of QoL.展开更多
In women with polycystic ovary syndrome, metformin administration, not laparoscopic ovarian drilling, reduces plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) activity. The lack of a decrease in PAI-1 activity is related to ...In women with polycystic ovary syndrome, metformin administration, not laparoscopic ovarian drilling, reduces plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) activity. The lack of a decrease in PAI-1 activity is related to a high risk for miscarriage.展开更多
Cognitive processing was investigated interictally in 18 children with migrain e without aura and 18 age matched controls by measuring event related potentia ls (ERPs) and reaction times (RTs) during an acoustic oddba...Cognitive processing was investigated interictally in 18 children with migrain e without aura and 18 age matched controls by measuring event related potentia ls (ERPs) and reaction times (RTs) during an acoustic oddball paradigm. Results showed that N100 amplitude evoked by frequent stimuli was significantly smaller in patients compared with controls. Habituation of target P300 amplitude was obs erved in patients but not in controls. Mean RTs were equivalent in the two group s, but migraine children made more errors than controls.展开更多
文摘To evaluate the effects of inflammatory bowel diseases(IBDs)on human reproduction,we reviewed the current literature using a systematic search for published studies(articles and/or abstracts)without limits for English language.We searched on Medline(through PubMed),the Institute for Scientific Information,the Web of Science and the websites for the registration of controlled trials(http://controlled-trials.com/).Bibliographies of retrieved articles,books,expert opinion review articles and reviewed bibliographies from subject experts were manually searched.Titles and abstracts were screened initially,and potential relevant articles were identified and reviewed.Whenever possible,data were analyzed by comparing IBD patients vs healthy controls,and patients with active IBDs vs those with disease in remission.The effects of IBDs on female fertility,fertility in infertile couples,pregnancy and male infertility were examined separately.Patients with IBDs in remission have normal fertility.At the moment,there is no established guideline for the preservation of fertility in women with IBD undergoing surgery.Further data are needed regarding guidelines for the management of these patients.Data regarding IBDs and infertility are currently completely lacking.Considering the prevalence of intestinal pathology in young adults of childbearing age,this field is of great scientific and clinical interest,opening up important future perspectives.Another important and as yet unexplored point is the response to treatments for infertility in patients with IBDs.In particular,the question is whether the reproductive outcomes(clinical and biological)can be influenced by the IBD of one of the partners.The goals for successful reproductive outcomes in IBD population are correct counseling and disease remission.IBDs significantly affect several reproductive aspects of human(female,male,couple)reproduction.Further data are needed to develop guidelines for the clinical management of subjects of reproductive age with IBDs.
文摘Objective: To study the cell effects of raloxifene on uterine and leiomyoma tissue in postmenopausal women. Design: Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University “ Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Italy. Patient(s): Forty postmenopausal women affected by uterine leiomyomas and selected for hysterectomy. Intervention(s): Treatment for three cycles of 28 days with raloxifene at a dose of 180 mg/day orally (raloxifene group) or placebo tablets (3 tablets/day orally)-(placebo group). Main Outcome Measure(s): Uterine and leiomyoma dimensions were measured in each subject at entry and before surgery. On leiomyomas and homologous myometrium the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)--positive cells/total cells (PCNA/TC) and the Bcl-2-positive cells/Bax-positive cells (Bcl-2/Bax) ratios (% ), as proliferation and apoptotic indexes, respectively, were measured. Result(s): After treatment, uterine and leiomyoma sizes were significantly changed in comparison with baseline and the placebo group. PCNA/TC and Bcl-2/Bax ratios were significantly higher in leiomyomas than in homologous myometrium. A significant difference was detected in PCNA/TC between the myometrium of the raloxifene and control groups, whereas no difference was observed in the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. A significant difference in PCNA/TC and Bcl-2/Bax ratios was detected in leiomyoma tissue between the raloxifene group and controls. Conclusion(s): In postmenopausal women, raloxifene administration reduces uterine leiomyomas by exerting a cell antiproliferative and proapoptotic action.
文摘Development perturbations may affect the regular phenotype and are commonly measured through fluctuat-ing asymmetry (FA) levels. Short-term climatic variations, that modify the temperature, can influence chemical and physical water characteristics. Fishes have been used as model organisms for studying stress-induced changes in body symmetry, since they are ectothermic, good bioindicators, easy to find and having economic relevance. Northern pike being a holoarctic, big, edible, top predator is one of the most economically important freshwater fish for recreational and commercial fisheries and freshwater ecosystems management. The isolated population of Lake Trasimeno (Central Italy)—in good health conditions and that can be considered one of the genetically best conserved of Italy—, was chosen as model. FA, seven mi-crosatellite loci and early developmental stages were investigated in order to correlate the developmental stability of this population to its genetic variability and to environmental perturbations. The results obtained underlined a positive correlation (>>0.40) between FA indexes and temperature;the non-parametric Kruskall- Wallis test showed significant differences in FA levels for some FA indexes and parameters. Over-all results underlined that FA increased in individuals grown at a temperature above 8°C as compared with those grown at 5°C or at lower temperatures. Both positive and negative correlations between FA parameters and chemical and physical water characteristics were shown. The comparison of genetic and FA data under-lined a low correlation between microsatellite and FA pairwise distances, nevertheless a positive and signifi-cant correlation emerged for some FA measurements and microsatellite data. In particular, only Elu87 locus showed a statistical significant correlation versus total FA. Finally, as expected, results indicated that the in-cubation time was temperature-dependent;the ODT was in the range 8–10°C and lower and higher tempera-tures caused drastic embryo mortality.
文摘A total of 5852 records concerning daily milk yield, content of protein and fat, and somatic cell count was recorded in two farms (organic and conventional). Somatic cell count was log10- transformed before analysis because was not normally distributed. The mixed model methodology was used according to a repeated-measures scheme, as the restricted maximum likelihood method to estimate lactation curves at different season of calving and at different calving order. Calving order affected milk yield only in the first three calving order with the lowest production levels in the first six months of the year for both farm;no effect could be observed on fat and protein contents. The organic farm shows the minor milk production (7.77 vs8.10 kg/day/head organic and traditional respectively), but good qualitative characteristics of milk, and minor content of Somatic Cell Count. The milk production is major, in traditional farm, in summer respect the winter (10.4 vs6.34 kgof milk/day/ head). In biological farm no difference between seasons were observed. Peak milk yield occurs, for both farms, at around the 6th - 7th wk of lactation.
文摘Food safety is a fundamental requirement in mass catering, as large numbers of meals are served each day to potentially vulnerable consumers, such as children. Food Business Operators implement plans for the microbiological monitoring of the meals prepared and served in the catering sector, and for the swab-sampling of surfaces. From January 2018 to June 2019, our laboratory analyzed both food and swab samples from four catering facilities. Considering the EFSA 2018 data, we specifically focused on samples analyzed for Bacillus cereus. Our data substantially showed episodic contamination due to a piece of equipment that is not usually subjected to microbiological control, thus suggesting that every aspect should be scrutinized in order to identify critical points. While Bacillus cereus is widespread in nature and common in soil, it is adapted for growth in the intestinal tracts of insects and mammals. It is often present in a variety of foods, and may cause an emetic or a diarrheal type of food-associated illness. B. cereus produces several toxins. Multiplex PCR enables seven toxin genes to be detected (hblC, hblD, hblA, nheA, nheB, nheC and cytK).
文摘Introduction: the demand for urgent obstetric and gynecology care has progressively increased: in the United States approximately 1.4 million gynecologic visits are made to the emergency department (ED) annually, while almost 75% of women make at least 1 unscheduled visit during pregnancy. Moreover, research has recently focused on setting standards in unscheduled care, and developing quality indicators to improve patients’ health. Therefore, we investigated the characteristics of women with acute gynecological or pregnancy complaints using quality indicators developed for emergency medicine, to better define the needs of this population and improve care. Methods: Retrospective cohort study on ED, and Obstetrics and Gynecology (ObGyn) triage visits, at a tertiary care hospital in Italy, during 2012. Data were analyzed with population-averaged logistic regression and Poisson regression. Results: When compared to the 33,557 ED visits, the 9245 ObGyntriage referrals were more frequently associated with pregnancy (≤12 weeks’ gestation, OR: 30.7, 95%CI;24.5 - 38.4;>12 weeks’ gestation, OR 81.2, 95%CI;64.8 - 101.4), vaginal bleeding (OR 156.6, 95%CI;82.7 - 294.4), diurnal (night access OR 0.87, 95% CI;0.78 - 0.96) and weekday access (holiday access OR 0.87, 95%CI;0.78 - 0.95), frequent users (recurrent ED visits IRR 0.87, 95%CI;0.83 - 0.9) and lower hospital admissions (ED admission OR 1.6, 95%CI;1.4 - 1.8). Conclusion: ObGyn triage patients differed from ED users, and were at higher risk of “crowding”. Such diversities should be considered to improve female healthcare services and allocate resources more efficiently.
文摘The trial was conducted on thirty buffalo cows subdivided in three groups. In the immediate pre-calving, 2.5 ml of Echinacea purpurea were orally administered to the first group (A) and, after calving, Nux vomica, Chelidonium and Lycopodium were administered at 7 days intervals. The second group (B) was only subjected to the post-calving treatment, while the third group (C) represented the control group. Immediately after calving two groups of calves were formed. The first group received 5 granules of Pyrogenium in the first days of life and then for 10 days the 0.5 ml of E. purpurea. The second group did not receive any remedy. Before the calving, in conventional farm twenty buffalo cows (D group) were vaccinated. Remedies administration did not affect milk protein content, milk lipid contents and the achievement of the lactation peak. Blood samples showed that total protein, albumin and globulin levels were lower in group A, compared to groups B and C. Cholesterol and urea were lower in the treated groups than in the control. We therefore conclude that the use of homeopathic remedies are a chance to improve animal welfare and their productive characteristics.
文摘OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the injection of bupivacaine plu s epinephrine before laparoscopic myomectomy. METHODS: Sixty premenopausal women w ith uterine leiomyomata were enrolled in a randomized controlled design and intr aoperatively treated with injection of bupivacaine plus epinephrine (group A) or saline solution (group B) during laparoscopic myomectomy. Uterine size and volu me, number of leiomyomata, hematological parameters, total operative time, enucl eation time of each myoma, suturing time of the myomectomy, blood loss, degree o f surgical difficulty, and postoperative pain were evaluated. Just before and af ter the injection of vasoconstrictive or saline solution, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were recorded in each subject. RESULTS: Blood los s, total operative and enucleation time, and degree of surgical difficulty was s ignificantly (P < .05) lower in group A than in group B. No difference was obser ved between groups in suturing time of the myomectomy. The number of vials of pa in medication used postoperatively was significantly (P < .05) lower in group A than in group B. No differences in systolic and diastolic blood pressure or hear t rate was recorded between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION: The injection of bupivacai ne plus epinephrine during laparoscopic myomectomy is effective in reducing bloo d loss, total operative and enucleation time, degree of surgical difficulty, and postoperative pain.
文摘Objective: This study was undertaken to compare the quality of life (QoL) in women with early stage endometrial cancer treated with 2 different surgical approaches. Study design: Eighty-four women with clinical stage I endometrial cancer were enrolled in a prospective randomized controlled trial design and treated with laparoscopic or laparotomic approach. Another 40 women matched for demographic characteristics were studied as controls. In patients, before and after surgery, and in their matched controls, QoL was evaluated by using the Short-Form Healthy Survey (SF-36) and the climacteric symptoms using the Kupperman Index (KI). Results: After randomi-zation, no difference was detected in data recorded between the groups. At entry, QoL was similar in both treatment groups but significantly (P < .05) worse in comparison with controls. Throughout the study, QoL was significantly (P < .05) higher in laparoscopic group versus laparotomic group. After KI adjustment our data did not change. Conclusion: In early stage endometrial cancer, the laparoscopic approach provides significant benefits compared with laparotomy in terms of QoL.
文摘In women with polycystic ovary syndrome, metformin administration, not laparoscopic ovarian drilling, reduces plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) activity. The lack of a decrease in PAI-1 activity is related to a high risk for miscarriage.
文摘Cognitive processing was investigated interictally in 18 children with migrain e without aura and 18 age matched controls by measuring event related potentia ls (ERPs) and reaction times (RTs) during an acoustic oddball paradigm. Results showed that N100 amplitude evoked by frequent stimuli was significantly smaller in patients compared with controls. Habituation of target P300 amplitude was obs erved in patients but not in controls. Mean RTs were equivalent in the two group s, but migraine children made more errors than controls.
