In this study, it is attempted to give an insight into the injection processability of three self-prepared polymers from A to Z. This work presents material analysis, injection molding simulation, design of ex- perime...In this study, it is attempted to give an insight into the injection processability of three self-prepared polymers from A to Z. This work presents material analysis, injection molding simulation, design of ex- periments alongside considering all interaction effects of controlling parameters carefully for green biodegradable polymeric systems, including polylactic acid （PLA）, polylactic acid-thermoplastic poly- urethane （PLA-TPU） and polylactic acid-thermoplastic starch （PLA-TPS）. The experiments were carried out using injection molding simulation software Autodesk Moldflov~~ in order to minimize warpage and volumetric shrinkage for each of the mentioned systems. The analysis was conducted by changing five significant processing parameters, including coolant temperature, packing time, packing pressure, mold temperature and melt temperature. Taguchi＇s [.27 （35） orthogonal array was selected as an efficient method for design of simulations in order to consider the interaction effects of the parameters and reduce spu- rious simulations. Meanwhile, artificial neural network （ANN） was also used for pattern recognition and optimization through modifying the processing conditions. The Taguchi coupled analysis of variance （ANOVA） and ANN analysis resulted in definition of optimum levels for each factor by two completely different methods. According to the results, melting temperature, coolant temperature and packing time had significant influence on the shrinkage and warpage. The ANN optimal level selection for minimiza- tion of shrinkage and/or warpage is in good agreement with ANOVA optimal level selection results. This investigation indicates that PLA-TPU compound exhibits the highest resistance to warpage and shrink- age defects compared to the other studied compounds.展开更多
Iran’s removing subsidy from energy carrier in four years ago leads to spike electricity price dramatically. This abrupt change increases the interest on distributed generation (DG) because of its several benefits su...Iran’s removing subsidy from energy carrier in four years ago leads to spike electricity price dramatically. This abrupt change increases the interest on distributed generation (DG) because of its several benefits such as lower electricity generation price. In Iran among all type of DGs, because of wide natural gas network infrastructure and several incentives that government legislated to support combined cooling, heat and power (CCHP) investors, this type of technology is more prevalent in comparison with other technologies. Between existing CCHP technologies, certain economic choices are to be taken into account. For different buildings with different load curves, suitable size and operation of CCHP should be calculated to make the project more feasible. If CCHP does not well suited for a position, then the whole energy efficiency would be plunged significantly. In this paper, a model to find the optimal size and operation of CCHP and auxiliary boiler for any users is proposed by considering an integrated view of electricity and natural gas network using GAMS software. Then this method is applying for a hospital in Tehran as a real case study. Finally, by applying COMFAR III software, useful financial parameters and sensitivity analysis are calculated.展开更多
To investigate the supplement of lost nerve cells in rats with traumatic brain injury by intravenous administration of allogenic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, this study established a Wistar rat model of traumat...To investigate the supplement of lost nerve cells in rats with traumatic brain injury by intravenous administration of allogenic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, this study established a Wistar rat model of traumatic brain injury by weight drop impact acceleration method and administered 3 × 106 rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via the lateral tail vein. At 14 days after cell transplantation, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells differentiated into neurons and astrocytes in injured rat cerebral cortex and rat neurological function was improved significantly. These findings suggest that intravenously administered bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can promote nerve cell regeneration in injured cerebral cortex, which supplement the lost nerve cells.展开更多
Miniaturization of electronic equipment has forced researchers to devise more effective methods for dissipating the generated heat in these devices.In this study,two methods,including porous media inserting and adding...Miniaturization of electronic equipment has forced researchers to devise more effective methods for dissipating the generated heat in these devices.In this study,two methods,including porous media inserting and adding nanoparticles to the base fluid,are used to improve heat transfer in an annulus heated on both walls.To study porous media insert,porous ribs are used on the outer and inner walls independently.The results show that when porous ribs are placed on the outer wall,although the heat transfer enhances,the pressure drop increment is so considerable that performance number (the ratio of heat transfer enhancement pressure increment,PN) is less than unity for all porous rib heights and porous media permeabilities that are studied.On the other hand,the PN of cases where porous ribs were placed on the inner wall depends on the Darcy number (Da).For example,for ribs with Da=0.1 and Da=0.0001,the maximum performance number,PN=4,occurs at the porous ribs height to hydraulic diameter ratios H/Dh=1 and H/Dh=0.25.Under these conditions,heat transfer is enhanced by two orders of magnitude.It is found that adding 5% nanoparticles to the base fluid in the two aforementioned cases improves the Nusselt number and PN by 10%–40%.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of quercetin and its immunomodulatory and anti-oxidative activity against Leishmania major(L.major).Methods:L.major promastigotes and amastigotes were incubated ...Objective:To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of quercetin and its immunomodulatory and anti-oxidative activity against Leishmania major(L.major).Methods:L.major promastigotes and amastigotes were incubated with different concentrations of quercetin to estimate EC_(50).For in vivo study,the base of tails of mice was infected with L.major.After developing ulcers in the inoculation site,mice were treated with 50 mg/kg quercetin orally for 28 consecutive days.The wound-healing potential of quercetin was evaluated by histopathological analysis of tissue sections stained by hematoxylin and eosin as well as Masson's trichrome.In addition,the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6,malondialdehyde,and adiponectin,the ferric reducing ability of plasma,as well as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were measured.Results:The EC_(50)values of quercetin against L.major promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes were 0.27 and 0.85μM,respectively.Histopathological analysis showed that fewer inflammatory cells,more fibroblasts,and more collagen deposition were observed in tissue sections of quercetin-treated mice.In addition,treatment with quercetin markedly increased glutathione peroxidase activity,the ferric reducing ability of plasma and adiponectin levels while decreasing malondialdehyde,interleukin-6,and tumor necrosis factor-αlevels.Conclusions:Quercetin shows anti-leishmanial activity,immunomodulatory,anti-oxidative,and anti-inflammatory effects.Therefore,it may be further explored as an effective drug in treating leishmaniasis.展开更多
A new method based on phononic crystals is presented to detect the concentration of heavy water(D_(2)O)in an H_(2)O-D_(2)O mixture.Results have been obtained and analyzed in the concentration range of 0%-10%and 90%-10...A new method based on phononic crystals is presented to detect the concentration of heavy water(D_(2)O)in an H_(2)O-D_(2)O mixture.Results have been obtained and analyzed in the concentration range of 0%-10%and 90%-100%D_(2)O.A proposed structure of tungsten scatterers in an aluminum host is studied.In order to detect the target material,a cavity region is considered as a sound wave resonator in which the target material with different concentrations of D_(2)O is embedded.By changing the concentration of D_(2)O in the H_(2)O-D_(2)O mixture,the resonance frequency undergoes a frequency shift.Each 1%change in D_(2)O concentration in the H_(2)O-D_(2)O mixture causes a frequency change of about 120 Hz.The finite element method is used as the numerical method to calculate and analyze the natural frequencies and transmission spectra of the proposed sensor.The performance evaluation index shows a high Q factor up to 1475758 and a high sensitivity up to 13075,which are acceptable values for sensing purposes.The other figures of merit related to the detection performance also indicate high-quality performance of the designed sensor.展开更多
The aim of this study is to apply process mineralogy as a practical tool for further understanding and predicting the flotation kinetics of the copper sulfide minerals. The minerals' composition and association, g...The aim of this study is to apply process mineralogy as a practical tool for further understanding and predicting the flotation kinetics of the copper sulfide minerals. The minerals' composition and association, grain distribution, and liberation within the ore samples were analyzed in the feed, concentrate, and the tailings of the flotation processes with two pulp densities of 25 wt% and 30 wt%. The major copper-bearing minerals identified by microscopic analysis of the concentrate samples included chalcopyrite(56.2 wt%), chalcocite(29.1 wt%),covellite(6.4 wt%), and bornite(4.7 wt%). Pyrite was the main sulfide gangue mineral(3.6 wt%) in the concentrates. A 95% degree of liberation with d_(80) > 80 μm was obtained for chalcopyrite as the main copper mineral in the ore sample. The recovery rate and the grade in the concentrates were enhanced with increasing chalcopyrite particle size. Chalcopyrite particles with a d_(80) of approximately 100 μm were recovered at the early stages of the flotation process. The kinetic studies showed that the kinetic second-order rectangular distribution model perfectly fit the flotation test data. Characterization of the kinetic parameters indicated that the optimum granulation distribution range for achieving a maximum flotation rate for chalcopyrite particles was between the sizes 50 and 55 μm.展开更多
A carbon paste electrode with added multiwall carbon nanotubes chemically modified with N-(3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl)- 3,5-dinitrobenzamide was used as the electrochemical sensor for the determination of trace amounts of...A carbon paste electrode with added multiwall carbon nanotubes chemically modified with N-(3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl)- 3,5-dinitrobenzamide was used as the electrochemical sensor for the determination of trace amounts of isoprenaline. The modified electrode showed good electrocatalytic activity for the anodic oxidation of isoprenaline, which was due to a substantial decrease in the anodic overpotential. Under the optimum conditions, measurements using square wave voltammetry had a linear range in the range of 0.3 to 125.0 μmol/L of isoprenaline and a detection limit of 0.1 μmol/L. The diffusion coefficient and kinetic parameters were determined using electrochemical methods. The relative standard deviation for seven successive assays of 1.0 and 20.0 μmol/L isoprenaline were 1.9% and 2.4%, respectively.This electrochemical sensor was successfully applied for the determination of isoprenaline in human urine and injection solution samples.展开更多
One of the leading causes of cancer-related death is gastrointestinal cancer,which has a significant morbidity and mortality rate.Although preoperative risk assessment is essential for directing patient care,its biolo...One of the leading causes of cancer-related death is gastrointestinal cancer,which has a significant morbidity and mortality rate.Although preoperative risk assessment is essential for directing patient care,its biological behavior cannot be accurately predicted by conventional imaging investigations.Potential pathophysiological information in anatomical imaging that cannot be visually identified can now be converted into high-dimensional quantitative image features thanks to the developing discipline of molecular imaging.In order to enable molecular tissue profile in vivo,molecular imaging has most recently been utilized to phenotype the expression of single receptors and targets of biological therapy.It is expected that molecular imaging will become increasingly important in the near future,driven by the expanding range of biological therapies for cancer.With this live molecular fingerprinting,molecular imaging can be utilized to drive expression-tailored customized therapy.The technical aspects of molecular imaging are first briefly discussed in this review,followed by an examination of the most recent research on the diagnosis,prognosis,and potential future clinical methods of molecular imaging for GI tract malignancies.展开更多
This study employs a hybrid approach,integrating finite element method(FEM)simulations with machine learning(ML)techniques to investigate the structural performance of double-skin tubular columns(DSTCs)reinforced with...This study employs a hybrid approach,integrating finite element method(FEM)simulations with machine learning(ML)techniques to investigate the structural performance of double-skin tubular columns(DSTCs)reinforced with glass fiber-reinforced polymer(GFRP).The investigation involves a comprehensive examination of critical parameters,including aspect ratio,concrete strength,number of GFRP confinement layers,and dimensions of steel tubes used in DSTCs,through comparative analyses and parametric studies.To ensure the credibility of the findings,the results are rigorously validated against experimental data,establishing the precision and trustworthiness of the analysis.The present research work examines the use of the columns with elliptical cross-sections and contributes valuable insights into the application of FEM and ML in the design and evaluation of structural systems within the field of structural engineering.展开更多
Precise taxonomy and the chronostratigraphic calibration of the Middle Eocene Alveolina from Central Iran is here undertaken from the Chah-Talkh section of the southern Sabzevar region(Central Iran). We have identifie...Precise taxonomy and the chronostratigraphic calibration of the Middle Eocene Alveolina from Central Iran is here undertaken from the Chah-Talkh section of the southern Sabzevar region(Central Iran). We have identified Alveolina kieli, Alveolina stercusmuris and Alveolina nuttalli along with the new species Alveolina ozcani n. sp. that we include into the Alveolina elliptica group. We have also found Nummulites uroniensis, Nummulites obesus and Nummulites cf. verneuili and associated calcareous nannofossils that look reliable to make thoughtful correlations with the Shallow Benthic Zones(SBZ). The foraminiferal biostratigraphy suggests an assignment to the upper part of the lower Lutetian-lower part of the middle Lutetian,SBZ13(Middle Eocene), further strengthened through the identification of the calcareous nannofossil NP14b-NP15b or CNE8-CNE10 biozones, providing a solid correlation with the global stratigraphic standards.展开更多
The Late Devonian-early Carboniferous deposits of the Anarak section in northeastern Isfahan,Central Iran,evaluated based on conodont biostratigraphy,sedimentary environment and sequence stratigraphy.According to the ...The Late Devonian-early Carboniferous deposits of the Anarak section in northeastern Isfahan,Central Iran,evaluated based on conodont biostratigraphy,sedimentary environment and sequence stratigraphy.According to the field observations,five lithological units were identified.Investigating the conodont fauna of the Late Devonian-Carboniferous(Mississippian-Pennsylvanian)deposits of Bahram,Shishtu,and Qaleh(Sardar 1)formations in Anarak section led to the identification of 67 species of 18 conodont genera,and accordingly 22 conodont biozones were differentiated.The correlation of sea-level change curves,regarding to the conodont biofacies with the global sea-level curve,demonstrates the relative correlation in the mentioned times due to the shallow condition of the central Iran basin compared to the European and American basins.The microfacies analysis led to the identification of 12 microfacies related to the open sea,bioclastic barrier,lagoon and tidal flat sub-sedimentary environments in a homoclinal carbonate ramp environment.Based on sequence stratigraphy studies,three 3rd order sequences were identified.The first sequence,which is of the Late Devonian(upper part of the Bahram Formation,32.5 m),the second sequence(12.5 m)is the Late Devonian(uppermost part of the Bahram Formation),and the third sequence(68 m)is the early Carboniferous(the Shishtu I Formation).展开更多
Objective: To assess the efficacy of a curcumin supplementation on cognitive abilities in women suffering from premenstrual syndrome(PMS) and dysmenorrhea. Methods: A randomized, triple-blind, placebocontrolled trial ...Objective: To assess the efficacy of a curcumin supplementation on cognitive abilities in women suffering from premenstrual syndrome(PMS) and dysmenorrhea. Methods: A randomized, triple-blind, placebocontrolled trial was conducted from December 2019 to March 2020. A total of 124 women who had both PMS and dysmenorrhea were enrolled, and were equally and randomly assigned to the curcumin group or placebo group, 62 cases in each. Each subject received either a capsule containing 500 mg of curcuminoid, or a placebo daily, for 10 days(7 days before and until 3 days after the onset of menstrual bleeding) over 3 menstrual cycles. The cognitive abilities questionnaire was used to measures cognitive functions in 7 specific areas. Adverse reactions were monitored during and after the trial in both groups. Results: Administration of curcumin was associated with a significant increase in memory score(P=0.002), inhibitory control and selective attention(P=0.020), and total cognitive ability task(P=0.024). In addition, significant increments were found in scores of memory(3.5±3.1 vs. 0.4±3.8 in the curcumin and placebo groups, respectively;P=0.035), inhibitory control and selective attention(3.0±3.7 vs. 0.4±3.7;P=0.027) and total cognitive abilities(8.3±12.3 vs. 2.2±12.4;P=0.025) in the curcumin group versus placebo groups. Curcumin was safe and well-tolerable in current clinical trial. Conclusion: Curcumin has a beneficial efficacy on cognitive function scores in women with PMS and dysmenorrhea, with improvements in memory, inhibitory control and selective attention.(Registration No. IRCT20191112045424N1, available at: https://www.irct.ir)展开更多
Precise control over the charge carrier dynamics throughout the device can result in outstanding performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)is the mo...Precise control over the charge carrier dynamics throughout the device can result in outstanding performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)is the most actively studied hole transport material in p-i-n structured PSCs.However,charge transport in the PEDOT:PSS is limited and inefficient because of its low conductivity with the presence of the weak ionic conductor PSS.In addition,morphology of the underlying PEDOT:PSS layer in PSCs plays a crucial role in determining the optoelectronic quality of the active perovskite absorber layer.This work is focused on realization of a non-wetting conductive surface of hole transport layer suitable for the growth of larger perovskite crystalline domains.This is accomplished by employing a facile solventengineered(ethylene glycol and methanol)approach resulting in removal of the predominant PSS in PEDOT:PSS.The consequence of acquiring larger perovskite crystalline domains was observed in the charge carrier dynamics studies,with the achievement of higher charge carrier lifetime,lower charge transport time and lower transfer impedance in the solvent-engineered PEDOT:PSS-based PSCs.Use of this solventengineered treatment for the fabrication of MAPbI3 PSCs greatly increased the device stability witnessing a power conversion efficiency of 18.18%,which corresponds to^37%improvement compared to the untreated PEDOT:PSS based devices.展开更多
Effective treatment of cancer requires understanding the nature of the disease and accurately addressing the main root causes.General risk factors for cancer include poor nutrition,an acidogenic diet,an unhealthy life...Effective treatment of cancer requires understanding the nature of the disease and accurately addressing the main root causes.General risk factors for cancer include poor nutrition,an acidogenic diet,an unhealthy lifestyle,and exposure to carcinogens such as toxins,chemicals,and radiation.The risk of developing cancers may be reduced by sufficient oxygenation and maintaining optimal alkalinity and nutritional balance at the cell level.The review paper summarizes some diet and lifestyle modifications that may potentially be considered for preventing and controlling some cancers.Moreover,worldwide statistical data for cancer incidence rates published by International Agency for Research on Cancer are analyzed for certain cancers regionally,concerning the effect of dietary habits and environmental factors that meaningfully correlate with the global trends of cancer.The study of cancer root causes integrated with analyzing the statistics related to cancer incidence rates suggests that the risk of developing cancer may be reduced by modifying dietary habits and lifestyle factors,as well as reducing exposure to carcinogens.Those with healthy balanced dietary habits may have a lower cancer risk than those who frequently have unhealthy diets;hence,considering a balanced natural diet and healthy lifestyle may be suggested as a complementary or alternative solution in cancer treatments.展开更多
Stoichiometric MgAl2O4 spinel nanoparticles were synthesized by microwave assisted combustion reaction from aluminium nitrate nanohydrate(Al(NO3)3.9H2O) and Sol-Gel prepared magnesium hydroxide(Mg(OH)2) in the presenc...Stoichiometric MgAl2O4 spinel nanoparticles were synthesized by microwave assisted combustion reaction from aluminium nitrate nanohydrate(Al(NO3)3.9H2O) and Sol-Gel prepared magnesium hydroxide(Mg(OH)2) in the presence of urea((NH2)2CO) as a fuel,in about 20 min of irradiation.X-ray diffraction(XRD) studies reveal that mi-crowave assisted combustion synthesis route yields single-phase spinel nanoparticles with larger crystalline size(around 75 nm) than other conventional heating methods.Scanning electronic microscope(SEM) images show nanoparticles with spherical shape and homogenous morphology.The surface area measurements(SBET) show crystals with 2.11 m2/g and 0.0033 mL/g pore volume.展开更多
Emerged evidence has indicated that immunosuppression is involved in the occurrence and development of sepsis.To provide clinical practice recommendations on the immune function in sepsis,an expert consensus focusing ...Emerged evidence has indicated that immunosuppression is involved in the occurrence and development of sepsis.To provide clinical practice recommendations on the immune function in sepsis,an expert consensus focusing on the monitoring and treatment of sepsis-induced immunosuppression was developed.Literature related to the immune monitoring and treatment of sepsis were retrieved from PubMed,Web of Science,and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure to design items and expert opinions were collected through an online questionnaire.Then,the Delphi method was used to form consensus opinions,and RAND appropriateness method was developed to provide consistency evaluation and recommendation levels for consensus opinions.This consensus achieved satisfactory results through two rounds of questionnaire survey,with 2 statements rated as perfect consistency,13 as very good consistency,and 9 as good consistency.After summarizing the results,a total of 14 strong recommended opinions,8 weak recommended opinions and 2 non-recommended opinions were produced.Finally,a face-to-face discussion of the consensus opinions was performed through an online meeting,and all judges unanimously agreed on the content of this consensus.In summary,this expert consensus provides a preliminary guidance for the monitoring and treatment of immunosuppression in patients with sepsis.展开更多
Perovskite-based photovoltaic materials have been attracting attention for their strikingly improved performance at converting sunlight into electricity.The beneficial and unique optoelectronic characteristics of pero...Perovskite-based photovoltaic materials have been attracting attention for their strikingly improved performance at converting sunlight into electricity.The beneficial and unique optoelectronic characteristics of perovskite structures enable researchers to achieve an incredibly remarkable power conversion efficiency.Flexible hybrid perovskite photovoltaics promise emerging applications in a myriad of optoelectronic and wearable/portable device applications owing to their inherent intriguing physicochemical and photophysical properties which enabled researchers to take forward advanced research in this growing field.Flexible perovskite photovoltaics have attracted significant attention owing to their fascinating material properties with combined merits of high efficiency,light-weight,flexibility,semitransparency,compatibility towards roll-to-roll printing,and large-area mass-scale production.Flexible perovskite-based solar cells comprise of 4 key components that include a flexible substrate,semi-transparent bottom contact electrode,perovskite(light absorber layer)and charge transport(electron/hole)layers and top(usually metal)electrode.Among these components,interfacial layers and contact electrodes play a pivotal role in influencing the overall photovoltaic performance.In this comprehensive review article,we focus on the current developments and latest progress achieved in perovskite photovoltaics concerning the charge selective transport layers/electrodes toward the fabrication of highly stable,efficient flexible devices.As a concluding remark,we briefly summarize the highlights of the review article and make recommendations for future outlook and investigation with perspectives on the perovskite-based optoelectronic functional devices that can be potentially utilized in smart wearable and portable devices.展开更多
Purpose： It has been suggested that patients with traumatic insults are resuscitated into a state of an early systemic inflammatory response. We aimed to evaluate the influence of hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation ...Purpose： It has been suggested that patients with traumatic insults are resuscitated into a state of an early systemic inflammatory response. We aimed to evaluate the influence of hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation （HSR） upon the inflammatory response capacity assessed by overall TNF-α secretion capacity of the host compared to its release from circulating leukocytes in peripheral circulation. Methods： Rats （8/group） subjected to HS （MAP of 30e35 mmHg for 90 min followed by resuscitation over 50 min） were challenged with Lipopolysaccharide （LPS）, 1 mg/kg intravenously at the end of resuscitation （HSR-LPS group） or 24 h later （HSR-LPS24 group）. Control animals were injected with LPS without bleeding （LPS group）. Plasma TNF-α was measured at 90 min after the LPS challenge. In addition, whole blood （WB） was obtained either from healthy controls （CON） immediately after resuscitation （HSR）, or at 24 h post-shock （HSR 24）. WB was incubated with LPS （100 ng/mL） for 2 h at 37 C. TNF-α concentration and LPS binding capacity （LBC） was determined. Results： Compared to LPS group, HSR followed by LPS challenge resulted in suppression of plasma TNF-a in HSR-LPS and HSR-LPS24 groups （1835 ± 478, 273 ± 77, 498 ± 200 pg/mL, respectively）. Compared to CON the LPS-induced TNF-a release capacity of circulating leukocytes ex vivo was strongly declined both at the end of resuscitation （HSR） and 24 h later （HSR24） （1012 ± 259, 313 ± 154, 177 ± 63 ng TNF/mL, respectively）. The LBC in WB was similar between CON and HSR and only moderately enhanced in HSR24 （57 ± 6, 56 ± 6, 71 ± 5 %, respectively）. Conclusion： Our data suggest that the overall inflammatory response capacity is decreased immediately after HSR, persisting up to 24 h, and is independent of LBC.展开更多
文摘In this study, it is attempted to give an insight into the injection processability of three self-prepared polymers from A to Z. This work presents material analysis, injection molding simulation, design of ex- periments alongside considering all interaction effects of controlling parameters carefully for green biodegradable polymeric systems, including polylactic acid （PLA）, polylactic acid-thermoplastic poly- urethane （PLA-TPU） and polylactic acid-thermoplastic starch （PLA-TPS）. The experiments were carried out using injection molding simulation software Autodesk Moldflov~~ in order to minimize warpage and volumetric shrinkage for each of the mentioned systems. The analysis was conducted by changing five significant processing parameters, including coolant temperature, packing time, packing pressure, mold temperature and melt temperature. Taguchi＇s [.27 （35） orthogonal array was selected as an efficient method for design of simulations in order to consider the interaction effects of the parameters and reduce spu- rious simulations. Meanwhile, artificial neural network （ANN） was also used for pattern recognition and optimization through modifying the processing conditions. The Taguchi coupled analysis of variance （ANOVA） and ANN analysis resulted in definition of optimum levels for each factor by two completely different methods. According to the results, melting temperature, coolant temperature and packing time had significant influence on the shrinkage and warpage. The ANN optimal level selection for minimiza- tion of shrinkage and/or warpage is in good agreement with ANOVA optimal level selection results. This investigation indicates that PLA-TPU compound exhibits the highest resistance to warpage and shrink- age defects compared to the other studied compounds.
文摘Iran’s removing subsidy from energy carrier in four years ago leads to spike electricity price dramatically. This abrupt change increases the interest on distributed generation (DG) because of its several benefits such as lower electricity generation price. In Iran among all type of DGs, because of wide natural gas network infrastructure and several incentives that government legislated to support combined cooling, heat and power (CCHP) investors, this type of technology is more prevalent in comparison with other technologies. Between existing CCHP technologies, certain economic choices are to be taken into account. For different buildings with different load curves, suitable size and operation of CCHP should be calculated to make the project more feasible. If CCHP does not well suited for a position, then the whole energy efficiency would be plunged significantly. In this paper, a model to find the optimal size and operation of CCHP and auxiliary boiler for any users is proposed by considering an integrated view of electricity and natural gas network using GAMS software. Then this method is applying for a hospital in Tehran as a real case study. Finally, by applying COMFAR III software, useful financial parameters and sensitivity analysis are calculated.
基金supported by research center from Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences,Yazd,Iran
文摘To investigate the supplement of lost nerve cells in rats with traumatic brain injury by intravenous administration of allogenic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, this study established a Wistar rat model of traumatic brain injury by weight drop impact acceleration method and administered 3 × 106 rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via the lateral tail vein. At 14 days after cell transplantation, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells differentiated into neurons and astrocytes in injured rat cerebral cortex and rat neurological function was improved significantly. These findings suggest that intravenously administered bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can promote nerve cell regeneration in injured cerebral cortex, which supplement the lost nerve cells.
文摘Miniaturization of electronic equipment has forced researchers to devise more effective methods for dissipating the generated heat in these devices.In this study,two methods,including porous media inserting and adding nanoparticles to the base fluid,are used to improve heat transfer in an annulus heated on both walls.To study porous media insert,porous ribs are used on the outer and inner walls independently.The results show that when porous ribs are placed on the outer wall,although the heat transfer enhances,the pressure drop increment is so considerable that performance number (the ratio of heat transfer enhancement pressure increment,PN) is less than unity for all porous rib heights and porous media permeabilities that are studied.On the other hand,the PN of cases where porous ribs were placed on the inner wall depends on the Darcy number (Da).For example,for ribs with Da=0.1 and Da=0.0001,the maximum performance number,PN=4,occurs at the porous ribs height to hydraulic diameter ratios H/Dh=1 and H/Dh=0.25.Under these conditions,heat transfer is enhanced by two orders of magnitude.It is found that adding 5% nanoparticles to the base fluid in the two aforementioned cases improves the Nusselt number and PN by 10%–40%.
基金The study was financially supported by INSF(grant number 96006039).
文摘Objective:To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of quercetin and its immunomodulatory and anti-oxidative activity against Leishmania major(L.major).Methods:L.major promastigotes and amastigotes were incubated with different concentrations of quercetin to estimate EC_(50).For in vivo study,the base of tails of mice was infected with L.major.After developing ulcers in the inoculation site,mice were treated with 50 mg/kg quercetin orally for 28 consecutive days.The wound-healing potential of quercetin was evaluated by histopathological analysis of tissue sections stained by hematoxylin and eosin as well as Masson's trichrome.In addition,the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6,malondialdehyde,and adiponectin,the ferric reducing ability of plasma,as well as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were measured.Results:The EC_(50)values of quercetin against L.major promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes were 0.27 and 0.85μM,respectively.Histopathological analysis showed that fewer inflammatory cells,more fibroblasts,and more collagen deposition were observed in tissue sections of quercetin-treated mice.In addition,treatment with quercetin markedly increased glutathione peroxidase activity,the ferric reducing ability of plasma and adiponectin levels while decreasing malondialdehyde,interleukin-6,and tumor necrosis factor-αlevels.Conclusions:Quercetin shows anti-leishmanial activity,immunomodulatory,anti-oxidative,and anti-inflammatory effects.Therefore,it may be further explored as an effective drug in treating leishmaniasis.
文摘A new method based on phononic crystals is presented to detect the concentration of heavy water(D_(2)O)in an H_(2)O-D_(2)O mixture.Results have been obtained and analyzed in the concentration range of 0%-10%and 90%-100%D_(2)O.A proposed structure of tungsten scatterers in an aluminum host is studied.In order to detect the target material,a cavity region is considered as a sound wave resonator in which the target material with different concentrations of D_(2)O is embedded.By changing the concentration of D_(2)O in the H_(2)O-D_(2)O mixture,the resonance frequency undergoes a frequency shift.Each 1%change in D_(2)O concentration in the H_(2)O-D_(2)O mixture causes a frequency change of about 120 Hz.The finite element method is used as the numerical method to calculate and analyze the natural frequencies and transmission spectra of the proposed sensor.The performance evaluation index shows a high Q factor up to 1475758 and a high sensitivity up to 13075,which are acceptable values for sensing purposes.The other figures of merit related to the detection performance also indicate high-quality performance of the designed sensor.
文摘The aim of this study is to apply process mineralogy as a practical tool for further understanding and predicting the flotation kinetics of the copper sulfide minerals. The minerals' composition and association, grain distribution, and liberation within the ore samples were analyzed in the feed, concentrate, and the tailings of the flotation processes with two pulp densities of 25 wt% and 30 wt%. The major copper-bearing minerals identified by microscopic analysis of the concentrate samples included chalcopyrite(56.2 wt%), chalcocite(29.1 wt%),covellite(6.4 wt%), and bornite(4.7 wt%). Pyrite was the main sulfide gangue mineral(3.6 wt%) in the concentrates. A 95% degree of liberation with d_(80) > 80 μm was obtained for chalcopyrite as the main copper mineral in the ore sample. The recovery rate and the grade in the concentrates were enhanced with increasing chalcopyrite particle size. Chalcopyrite particles with a d_(80) of approximately 100 μm were recovered at the early stages of the flotation process. The kinetic studies showed that the kinetic second-order rectangular distribution model perfectly fit the flotation test data. Characterization of the kinetic parameters indicated that the optimum granulation distribution range for achieving a maximum flotation rate for chalcopyrite particles was between the sizes 50 and 55 μm.
基金supported by Isfahan University of Technology Research Council and the Center of Excellence for Sensor and Green Chemistry
文摘A carbon paste electrode with added multiwall carbon nanotubes chemically modified with N-(3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl)- 3,5-dinitrobenzamide was used as the electrochemical sensor for the determination of trace amounts of isoprenaline. The modified electrode showed good electrocatalytic activity for the anodic oxidation of isoprenaline, which was due to a substantial decrease in the anodic overpotential. Under the optimum conditions, measurements using square wave voltammetry had a linear range in the range of 0.3 to 125.0 μmol/L of isoprenaline and a detection limit of 0.1 μmol/L. The diffusion coefficient and kinetic parameters were determined using electrochemical methods. The relative standard deviation for seven successive assays of 1.0 and 20.0 μmol/L isoprenaline were 1.9% and 2.4%, respectively.This electrochemical sensor was successfully applied for the determination of isoprenaline in human urine and injection solution samples.
文摘One of the leading causes of cancer-related death is gastrointestinal cancer,which has a significant morbidity and mortality rate.Although preoperative risk assessment is essential for directing patient care,its biological behavior cannot be accurately predicted by conventional imaging investigations.Potential pathophysiological information in anatomical imaging that cannot be visually identified can now be converted into high-dimensional quantitative image features thanks to the developing discipline of molecular imaging.In order to enable molecular tissue profile in vivo,molecular imaging has most recently been utilized to phenotype the expression of single receptors and targets of biological therapy.It is expected that molecular imaging will become increasingly important in the near future,driven by the expanding range of biological therapies for cancer.With this live molecular fingerprinting,molecular imaging can be utilized to drive expression-tailored customized therapy.The technical aspects of molecular imaging are first briefly discussed in this review,followed by an examination of the most recent research on the diagnosis,prognosis,and potential future clinical methods of molecular imaging for GI tract malignancies.
基金Qujing Normal University Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Project,No.S202310684035.
文摘This study employs a hybrid approach,integrating finite element method(FEM)simulations with machine learning(ML)techniques to investigate the structural performance of double-skin tubular columns(DSTCs)reinforced with glass fiber-reinforced polymer(GFRP).The investigation involves a comprehensive examination of critical parameters,including aspect ratio,concrete strength,number of GFRP confinement layers,and dimensions of steel tubes used in DSTCs,through comparative analyses and parametric studies.To ensure the credibility of the findings,the results are rigorously validated against experimental data,establishing the precision and trustworthiness of the analysis.The present research work examines the use of the columns with elliptical cross-sections and contributes valuable insights into the application of FEM and ML in the design and evaluation of structural systems within the field of structural engineering.
基金supported financially by the Vice Chancellor for Research and Technology at University of Isfahan。
文摘Precise taxonomy and the chronostratigraphic calibration of the Middle Eocene Alveolina from Central Iran is here undertaken from the Chah-Talkh section of the southern Sabzevar region(Central Iran). We have identified Alveolina kieli, Alveolina stercusmuris and Alveolina nuttalli along with the new species Alveolina ozcani n. sp. that we include into the Alveolina elliptica group. We have also found Nummulites uroniensis, Nummulites obesus and Nummulites cf. verneuili and associated calcareous nannofossils that look reliable to make thoughtful correlations with the Shallow Benthic Zones(SBZ). The foraminiferal biostratigraphy suggests an assignment to the upper part of the lower Lutetian-lower part of the middle Lutetian,SBZ13(Middle Eocene), further strengthened through the identification of the calcareous nannofossil NP14b-NP15b or CNE8-CNE10 biozones, providing a solid correlation with the global stratigraphic standards.
文摘The Late Devonian-early Carboniferous deposits of the Anarak section in northeastern Isfahan,Central Iran,evaluated based on conodont biostratigraphy,sedimentary environment and sequence stratigraphy.According to the field observations,five lithological units were identified.Investigating the conodont fauna of the Late Devonian-Carboniferous(Mississippian-Pennsylvanian)deposits of Bahram,Shishtu,and Qaleh(Sardar 1)formations in Anarak section led to the identification of 67 species of 18 conodont genera,and accordingly 22 conodont biozones were differentiated.The correlation of sea-level change curves,regarding to the conodont biofacies with the global sea-level curve,demonstrates the relative correlation in the mentioned times due to the shallow condition of the central Iran basin compared to the European and American basins.The microfacies analysis led to the identification of 12 microfacies related to the open sea,bioclastic barrier,lagoon and tidal flat sub-sedimentary environments in a homoclinal carbonate ramp environment.Based on sequence stratigraphy studies,three 3rd order sequences were identified.The first sequence,which is of the Late Devonian(upper part of the Bahram Formation,32.5 m),the second sequence(12.5 m)is the Late Devonian(uppermost part of the Bahram Formation),and the third sequence(68 m)is the early Carboniferous(the Shishtu I Formation).
基金Supported by Grants from Birjand University of Medical Sciences,Birjand,Iran (No.5109)。
文摘Objective: To assess the efficacy of a curcumin supplementation on cognitive abilities in women suffering from premenstrual syndrome(PMS) and dysmenorrhea. Methods: A randomized, triple-blind, placebocontrolled trial was conducted from December 2019 to March 2020. A total of 124 women who had both PMS and dysmenorrhea were enrolled, and were equally and randomly assigned to the curcumin group or placebo group, 62 cases in each. Each subject received either a capsule containing 500 mg of curcuminoid, or a placebo daily, for 10 days(7 days before and until 3 days after the onset of menstrual bleeding) over 3 menstrual cycles. The cognitive abilities questionnaire was used to measures cognitive functions in 7 specific areas. Adverse reactions were monitored during and after the trial in both groups. Results: Administration of curcumin was associated with a significant increase in memory score(P=0.002), inhibitory control and selective attention(P=0.020), and total cognitive ability task(P=0.024). In addition, significant increments were found in scores of memory(3.5±3.1 vs. 0.4±3.8 in the curcumin and placebo groups, respectively;P=0.035), inhibitory control and selective attention(3.0±3.7 vs. 0.4±3.7;P=0.027) and total cognitive abilities(8.3±12.3 vs. 2.2±12.4;P=0.025) in the curcumin group versus placebo groups. Curcumin was safe and well-tolerable in current clinical trial. Conclusion: Curcumin has a beneficial efficacy on cognitive function scores in women with PMS and dysmenorrhea, with improvements in memory, inhibitory control and selective attention.(Registration No. IRCT20191112045424N1, available at: https://www.irct.ir)
基金supported by NSF MRI (1428992)NASA EPSCoR (NNX15AM83A)+3 种基金U.S.–Egypt Science and Technology (S&T) Joint FundSDBoR R&D ProgramEDA University Center Program (ED18DEN3030025)supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC0206CH11357.
文摘Precise control over the charge carrier dynamics throughout the device can result in outstanding performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)is the most actively studied hole transport material in p-i-n structured PSCs.However,charge transport in the PEDOT:PSS is limited and inefficient because of its low conductivity with the presence of the weak ionic conductor PSS.In addition,morphology of the underlying PEDOT:PSS layer in PSCs plays a crucial role in determining the optoelectronic quality of the active perovskite absorber layer.This work is focused on realization of a non-wetting conductive surface of hole transport layer suitable for the growth of larger perovskite crystalline domains.This is accomplished by employing a facile solventengineered(ethylene glycol and methanol)approach resulting in removal of the predominant PSS in PEDOT:PSS.The consequence of acquiring larger perovskite crystalline domains was observed in the charge carrier dynamics studies,with the achievement of higher charge carrier lifetime,lower charge transport time and lower transfer impedance in the solvent-engineered PEDOT:PSS-based PSCs.Use of this solventengineered treatment for the fabrication of MAPbI3 PSCs greatly increased the device stability witnessing a power conversion efficiency of 18.18%,which corresponds to^37%improvement compared to the untreated PEDOT:PSS based devices.
文摘Effective treatment of cancer requires understanding the nature of the disease and accurately addressing the main root causes.General risk factors for cancer include poor nutrition,an acidogenic diet,an unhealthy lifestyle,and exposure to carcinogens such as toxins,chemicals,and radiation.The risk of developing cancers may be reduced by sufficient oxygenation and maintaining optimal alkalinity and nutritional balance at the cell level.The review paper summarizes some diet and lifestyle modifications that may potentially be considered for preventing and controlling some cancers.Moreover,worldwide statistical data for cancer incidence rates published by International Agency for Research on Cancer are analyzed for certain cancers regionally,concerning the effect of dietary habits and environmental factors that meaningfully correlate with the global trends of cancer.The study of cancer root causes integrated with analyzing the statistics related to cancer incidence rates suggests that the risk of developing cancer may be reduced by modifying dietary habits and lifestyle factors,as well as reducing exposure to carcinogens.Those with healthy balanced dietary habits may have a lower cancer risk than those who frequently have unhealthy diets;hence,considering a balanced natural diet and healthy lifestyle may be suggested as a complementary or alternative solution in cancer treatments.
文摘Stoichiometric MgAl2O4 spinel nanoparticles were synthesized by microwave assisted combustion reaction from aluminium nitrate nanohydrate(Al(NO3)3.9H2O) and Sol-Gel prepared magnesium hydroxide(Mg(OH)2) in the presence of urea((NH2)2CO) as a fuel,in about 20 min of irradiation.X-ray diffraction(XRD) studies reveal that mi-crowave assisted combustion synthesis route yields single-phase spinel nanoparticles with larger crystalline size(around 75 nm) than other conventional heating methods.Scanning electronic microscope(SEM) images show nanoparticles with spherical shape and homogenous morphology.The surface area measurements(SBET) show crystals with 2.11 m2/g and 0.0033 mL/g pore volume.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81730057,82130062)the Key Project of Military Medical Innovation Program of Chinese PLA(18CXZ026)+1 种基金the Guangdong Clinical Research Center for Critical Care Medicine(2020B1111170005)the Sun Yat?sen University Clinical Research Program 5010(2019002)。
文摘Emerged evidence has indicated that immunosuppression is involved in the occurrence and development of sepsis.To provide clinical practice recommendations on the immune function in sepsis,an expert consensus focusing on the monitoring and treatment of sepsis-induced immunosuppression was developed.Literature related to the immune monitoring and treatment of sepsis were retrieved from PubMed,Web of Science,and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure to design items and expert opinions were collected through an online questionnaire.Then,the Delphi method was used to form consensus opinions,and RAND appropriateness method was developed to provide consistency evaluation and recommendation levels for consensus opinions.This consensus achieved satisfactory results through two rounds of questionnaire survey,with 2 statements rated as perfect consistency,13 as very good consistency,and 9 as good consistency.After summarizing the results,a total of 14 strong recommended opinions,8 weak recommended opinions and 2 non-recommended opinions were produced.Finally,a face-to-face discussion of the consensus opinions was performed through an online meeting,and all judges unanimously agreed on the content of this consensus.In summary,this expert consensus provides a preliminary guidance for the monitoring and treatment of immunosuppression in patients with sepsis.
基金the CSIRO Low Emissions Technologies Program for the support of this studythe financial support from the Australian Research Council(ARC)for the Future Fellowship(FT130101337)+4 种基金QUT core funding(QUT/322120-0301/07)supported by NSF MRI(1428992)U.S.-Egypt Science and Technology(S&T)Joint FundSDBoR R&D ProgramEDA University Center Program(ED18DEN3030025)。
文摘Perovskite-based photovoltaic materials have been attracting attention for their strikingly improved performance at converting sunlight into electricity.The beneficial and unique optoelectronic characteristics of perovskite structures enable researchers to achieve an incredibly remarkable power conversion efficiency.Flexible hybrid perovskite photovoltaics promise emerging applications in a myriad of optoelectronic and wearable/portable device applications owing to their inherent intriguing physicochemical and photophysical properties which enabled researchers to take forward advanced research in this growing field.Flexible perovskite photovoltaics have attracted significant attention owing to their fascinating material properties with combined merits of high efficiency,light-weight,flexibility,semitransparency,compatibility towards roll-to-roll printing,and large-area mass-scale production.Flexible perovskite-based solar cells comprise of 4 key components that include a flexible substrate,semi-transparent bottom contact electrode,perovskite(light absorber layer)and charge transport(electron/hole)layers and top(usually metal)electrode.Among these components,interfacial layers and contact electrodes play a pivotal role in influencing the overall photovoltaic performance.In this comprehensive review article,we focus on the current developments and latest progress achieved in perovskite photovoltaics concerning the charge selective transport layers/electrodes toward the fabrication of highly stable,efficient flexible devices.As a concluding remark,we briefly summarize the highlights of the review article and make recommendations for future outlook and investigation with perspectives on the perovskite-based optoelectronic functional devices that can be potentially utilized in smart wearable and portable devices.
文摘Purpose： It has been suggested that patients with traumatic insults are resuscitated into a state of an early systemic inflammatory response. We aimed to evaluate the influence of hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation （HSR） upon the inflammatory response capacity assessed by overall TNF-α secretion capacity of the host compared to its release from circulating leukocytes in peripheral circulation. Methods： Rats （8/group） subjected to HS （MAP of 30e35 mmHg for 90 min followed by resuscitation over 50 min） were challenged with Lipopolysaccharide （LPS）, 1 mg/kg intravenously at the end of resuscitation （HSR-LPS group） or 24 h later （HSR-LPS24 group）. Control animals were injected with LPS without bleeding （LPS group）. Plasma TNF-α was measured at 90 min after the LPS challenge. In addition, whole blood （WB） was obtained either from healthy controls （CON） immediately after resuscitation （HSR）, or at 24 h post-shock （HSR 24）. WB was incubated with LPS （100 ng/mL） for 2 h at 37 C. TNF-α concentration and LPS binding capacity （LBC） was determined. Results： Compared to LPS group, HSR followed by LPS challenge resulted in suppression of plasma TNF-a in HSR-LPS and HSR-LPS24 groups （1835 ± 478, 273 ± 77, 498 ± 200 pg/mL, respectively）. Compared to CON the LPS-induced TNF-a release capacity of circulating leukocytes ex vivo was strongly declined both at the end of resuscitation （HSR） and 24 h later （HSR24） （1012 ± 259, 313 ± 154, 177 ± 63 ng TNF/mL, respectively）. The LBC in WB was similar between CON and HSR and only moderately enhanced in HSR24 （57 ± 6, 56 ± 6, 71 ± 5 %, respectively）. Conclusion： Our data suggest that the overall inflammatory response capacity is decreased immediately after HSR, persisting up to 24 h, and is independent of LBC.
