At present, the use of rare earth elements（REEs） has become an inevitable necessity in many modern industries. In general, liquid extraction is the best commercial method for extracting REEs due to its ability to co...At present, the use of rare earth elements（REEs） has become an inevitable necessity in many modern industries. In general, liquid extraction is the best commercial method for extracting REEs due to its ability to control high volumes of liquids with electrical load. With the aim of improving a separation technology that would be superior to the existing extraction systems, the extraction behaviors of La（Ⅲ）,Pr（Ⅲ）, and Nd（Ⅲ） from an HCI medium with Cyanex 272 in the presence of the complexing agent lactic acid（HLac） and auxiliary agents citric acid（H3 Cit）, acetic acid（HAc）, and Titriplex Ⅲ have been reported.The effect of pH and lactic acid concentration has been examined. The use of lactic acid as a complexing agent leading to a high extraction of REEs with Cyanex 272 at pH = 5 was compared with systems without lactic acid. The results show that the use of acetic acid along with lactic acid leads to an increase in the extraction percentage of LREEs. While use of citric acid and Titriplex Ⅲ reduces the extraction percentage of LREEs. Finally, the presence of Titriplex Ⅲ together with lactic acid could lead to an increase in the separation factor of Pr and Nd.展开更多
The study area (Bandar Abbas area) is located in the Zagros fold-thrust belt as part of the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt as seismically active belt. This area is located between the Makran accretionary prism and Oma...The study area (Bandar Abbas area) is located in the Zagros fold-thrust belt as part of the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt as seismically active belt. This area is located between the Makran accretionary prism and Oman Mountains from east and the Zagros collision belt from west as transition zone. The Zagros fold-thrust belt from the viewpoint of seismicity, is very active and Iran’s major earthquake-prone area. The study area has main active faults and some high magnitude earthquakes occurred in current century. Because the Bandar Abbas area has high seismic activity, the main goal of this research is prepared to earthquake hazard zonation and identify hazardous seismic zones, based on Decision Support System method for define active seismotectonic in this area. The seismotectonic study has been done in 30 - 100 km radius, for Bandar Abbas area. In this research, we used Decision Support System method by in corporate and combine essential data such as seismic data from 1900-2015, Digital Elevation Model of the study area (DEM), surface geology, seismicity parameters, soil classification and location main faults. In this research the Decision Support System (DSS) base on GIS database is used for calculate seismicity parameters. Based on the relative risk of earthquake zonation map, the Bandar Abbas area is located from the north to the East and from the South to the East, in area with high seismic risk (with Orange color). Some small regions with very high relative seismic risk have been limited to these areas with high risk. Also from north to west and from south to west “the study area” is located mainly in the area with earthquake relative risk of in areas with moderate and low relative risk of earthquakes. In the far southwestern region of the study, the small area is located in an area with high and very high seismic relative risk and this case may be due to the activity of the Mountain Front Fault (MFF) and Zagros Fore deep Fault (ZFF). Finally, the study area has been affected by active faults and it展开更多
The Gavbast anticline is located in the Coastal Fars area of the Zagros folded belt, with north-south trend. The study anticline is restricted to the Bavush and Paskhand anticlines from North, the Gezzeh and Dehnow an...The Gavbast anticline is located in the Coastal Fars area of the Zagros folded belt, with north-south trend. The study anticline is restricted to the Bavush and Paskhand anticlines from North, the Gezzeh and Dehnow anticlines from South, the Varavi anticline from West and Nakh anticline from East (Figure 1). Description of fold geometry is important because they allow comparisons within and between folds and pattern-recognition in addition to occurrence and distribution of fold systems. The main goal of this paper is to define folding style of the Gavbast anticline and define structural features affected on them in the study area. In this research, we used the Tectonics FP software, Global Mapper software and geological maps and reports of Iranian National Oil Company. In addition, we used common classification of fold for indicating of folding mechanism of the Tabnak anticlinal structure. In the Gavbast anticline, fold style elements in all parts of this anticline have been calculated and analyzed for indicating of folding style mechanism. The results of this method have been shown the folding geometry changes accurately. The Gavbast anticline is gentle in structural sections D-D' and G-G' to K-K'. The anticline is an open fold in the L-L' section. Also fold type in the E-E' and F-F' sections of the Gavbast anticline is steeply inclined sub-horizontal. These sections are located between the Razak (western part) and Hendurabi fault (eastern part). It seems that E-E' and F-F' parts in the Gavbast anticline have been suffered most deformation affected by the Razak and Hendurabi faults. At the end of, it seems that, the Razak and Hendurabi faults have major effects on folding style. This structure is a very good sample for effect of strike slip faults on the folding geometry and for this reason;the Gavbast anticline is considered a special structural style in the Zagros fold-thrust Belt.展开更多
This study was performed to evaluate the effect of folic acid(FA) on performance, egg quality and yolk5-methyltetrahydrofolate(5-MTHF) content. A total of 384 Hy-line W36 strain hens from 52 to 58 weeks of age were ra...This study was performed to evaluate the effect of folic acid(FA) on performance, egg quality and yolk5-methyltetrahydrofolate(5-MTHF) content. A total of 384 Hy-line W36 strain hens from 52 to 58 weeks of age were randomly assigned to 4 groups, and each group received one of following dietary treatments:0, 5.10 and 15 mg FA/kg diet. A completely randomized design was used. Egg production percentage, egg mass and egg weight were increased significantly(P < 0.05) and feed conversion ratio(FCR) was reduced significantly(P < 0.05) by increasing FA content in diets. No significant differences were detected among treatments on egg quality except for shell thickness. The dietary supplementations of laying hens diets with FA significantly increased yolk 5-MTHF content(P = 0.02). Overall, these data demonstrate that dietary supplementation with FA raised 5-MTHF content of yolk and productivity of egg production in laying hens.展开更多
To address the capacity degradation,voltage fading,structural instability and adverse interface reactions in cathode materi-als of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),numerous modification strategies have been developed,mainl...To address the capacity degradation,voltage fading,structural instability and adverse interface reactions in cathode materi-als of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),numerous modification strategies have been developed,mainly including coating and doping.In particular,the important strategy of doping(surface doping and bulk doping)has been considered an effective strategy to modulate the crystal lattice structure of cathode materials.However,special insights into the mechanisms and effectiveness of the doping strategy,especially comparisons between surface doping and bulk doping in cathode materials,are still lacking.In this review,recent significant progress in surface doping and bulk doping strategies is demonstrated in detail by focusing on their inherent differences as well as effects on the structural stability,lithium-ion(Li-ion)diffusion and electrochemical properties of cathode materials from the following mechanistic insights:preventing the exposure of reactive Ni on the surface,stabilizing the Li slabs,mitigating the migration of transition metal(TM)ions,alleviating unde-sired structural transformations and adverse interface issues,enlarging the Li interslab spacing,forming three-dimensional(3D)Li-ion diffusion channels,and providing more active sites for the charge-transfer process.Moreover,insights into the correlation between the mechanisms of hybrid surface engineering strategies(doping and coating)and their influences on the electrochemical performance of cathode materials are provided by emphasizing the stabilization of the Li slabs,the enhancement of the surface chemical stability,and the alleviation of TM ion migration.Furthermore,the existing challenges and future perspectives in this promising field are indicated.展开更多
The pressure dependence of structural,electronic and thermoelectric properties of half-Heusler ZrNiPb was investigated in the bulk and nanosheet structures.In order to obtain the accurate results,the full-potential(li...The pressure dependence of structural,electronic and thermoelectric properties of half-Heusler ZrNiPb was investigated in the bulk and nanosheet structures.In order to obtain the accurate results,the full-potential(linearized) augmented plane-wave(FP(L)APW)calculations were performed with the Perdew-BurkeErnzerhof generalized gradient approximation(PBE-GGA)and modified Becke-Johnson(mBJ) plus spin-orbit coupling(SOC).Obtained band gap values are in close agreement with the experimental results(<0.5 eV).The variations of the thermoelectric properties of the ZrNiPb were studied under different temperatures,carrier concentrations and the hydrostatic pressures.The results show that the hydrostatic pressure decreases the lattice constant value.The band structure calculations display that the band gap increases with pressure for the bulk state and it is 0 for the nanosheet of ZrNiPb [010].The highest value of figure of merit(ZT)=0.95 is found at 9.378 GPa at a carrier concentration of n=1 × 10^18 cm^-3 at 250 K for p-type of ZrNiPb.展开更多
This paper seeks to enhance the understanding that the horizontal stresses build up and release during coal pillar loading and unloading(post-failure) drawing upon three decades of observations, geomechanical monitori...This paper seeks to enhance the understanding that the horizontal stresses build up and release during coal pillar loading and unloading(post-failure) drawing upon three decades of observations, geomechanical monitoring and numerical modeling in bump-prone U.S. mines. The focus is on induced horizontal stress in mine pillars and surrounding strata as highly stressed pillars punch into the roof and floor, causing shear failure and buckling of strata; under stiff stratigraphic units of some western US mines, these events could be accompanied by violent failure of pillar cores. Pillar punching eventually results in tensile stresses at the base of the pillar, facilitating transition into the post-failure regime; this transition will be nonviolent if certain conditions are met, notably the presence of interbedded mudstones with low shear strength properties and proper mine designs for controlling seismicity and dynamic loads. The study clearly shows high confining stress build-up in coal pillars resulting in up to twice higher peak vertical stress and high strain energy accumulations in some western US mines in comparison with peak stresses predicted using common empirical pillar design methods. It is the unstable release of this strain energy that can cause significant damage resulting from pillar dilation and ground movements. These forces are much greater than the capacity of most common internal support systems, resulting in horizontal stressinduced roof falls locally, in mines under unremarkable far-field horizontal stress. Attention should be placed on pillar designs as increasing support density may prove to be ineffective. This mechanism is analyzed using field measurements and generic finite-difference stress analyses. The study confirms the higher load carrying capacity of confinement-controlled coal seams in comparison with structurally controlled coal seams. Such significant differences in confining stresses are not taken into account when estimating peak pillar strength using most common empirical techniq展开更多
Objective:To assess the antibacterial activity of eight Iranian plant extracts against Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus) strains which were isolated from infected patients.Methods: The studied strains were isolated from...Objective:To assess the antibacterial activity of eight Iranian plant extracts against Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus) strains which were isolated from infected patients.Methods: The studied strains were isolated from urine,stool,blood and wound of infected patients and identified by biochemical tests.In further,the antibacterial activity of 8 ethanolic local plant extracts including Querqus brantii(Q.brantii),Ziziphus spina-christi(Z.spina-christi),Peganum harmala(P.harmala),Oliveira decumbens(O.decumbens),Galium tricornutum(G.tricornutum), Vitex pseudo negundo(Vi.pseudo negundo),Salvia officinalis(S.officinalis),Vaccaria pyramidata (V.pyramidata) were then evaluated using agar disc diffusion method.Results:A total of 9 isolates were isolated and identified as S.aureus.Antibacterial profile of the strains showed that the strains were resistant to methicillin and cefixime.The highest antibacterial activity against the studied strains were belong to Q.brantii,P.harmala,Z.spina-christi and O.decumbens vent extracts with 11-40 mm,15-28 mm,8-26 mm and 10-20 mm of diameters,respectively. Intermediate antibacterial activity was exhibited by G.tricornutum and Vi.pseudo negundo against some of the studied strains with 7-20 mm and 7-13 mm of diameters,respectively. Noteworthy,out of 9 studied strains;6 and 2 of them were resistant to the G.tricornutum and Vi. pseudo negundo extracts,respectively.The S.officinalis and Va.pyramidata,however,showed no antibacterial activity against the studied strains.Conclusions:The Q.brantii,P.harmala,Z. spina-christi and O.decumbens extracts were shown to possess strong antibacterial activity against methicillin and cefixime resistant S.aureus strains and can be considered as the promising natural antibiotics for treating the studied strains.展开更多
A facile and innovative method to improve bonding between the two parts of compound squeeze cast Al/Al-4.5 wt.%Cu macrocomposite bimetals was developed and its effects on microstructure and mechanical properties of th...A facile and innovative method to improve bonding between the two parts of compound squeeze cast Al/Al-4.5 wt.%Cu macrocomposite bimetals was developed and its effects on microstructure and mechanical properties of the bimetal were investigated.A special concentric groove pattern was machined on the top surface of the insert(squeeze cast Al-4.5 wt.%Cu) and its effects on heat transfer,solidification and distribution of generated stresses along the interface region of the bimetal components were simulated using ProCAST and ANSYS softwares and experimentally verified. Simulation results indicated complete melting of the tips of the surface grooves and local generation of large stress gradient fields along the interface. These are believed to result in rupture of the insert interfacial aluminum oxide layer facilitating diffusion bonding of the bimetal components. Microstructural evaluations confirmed formation of an evident transition zone along the interface region of the bimetal. Average thickness of the transition zone and tensile strength of the bimetal were significantly increased to about 375 μm and 54 MPa, respectively, by applying the surface pattern.The proposed method is an affordable and promising approach for compound squeeze casting of Al-Al macrocomposite bimetals without resort to any prior cost and time intensive chemical or coating treatments of the solid insert.展开更多
Na-ion batteries and K-ion batteries are promising alternatives to vastly used lithium-ion batteries mainly due to the larger natural abundance of sodium and potassium resources. Carbon-based and MXene materials have ...Na-ion batteries and K-ion batteries are promising alternatives to vastly used lithium-ion batteries mainly due to the larger natural abundance of sodium and potassium resources. Carbon-based and MXene materials have received increasing attention due to their unique layered structure to accommodate the larger sodium and potassium ions. It’s proposed that ionic size disparity (K^(+): 1.38 Å;Na^(+): 0.97 Å;Li^(+): 0.76 Å) leads to sluggish intercalation and extraction kinetics in larger alkali metal ions (AMIs). Nevertheless, the electrochemical inactivity of sodium intercalation in graphite suggests that different chemical properties of AMs and their interactions with carbon host and electrolytes is crucial for interfacial instability and irreversible capacity loss. Structural modifications by expanding interlayer spacing and defect engineering enable reduced diffusion barriers and enhanced insertion of sodium or potassium, but it blurs the electrochemical performance between battery and capacitor. This review provides insight into 2D carbon materials and their architectures for Na and K-ion batteries through an in-depth analysis of structure–property interdependence and different electrochemical mechanisms supported by both experimental and theoretical data to discuss the promises and challenges of post-lithium batteries. Finally, the perspectives and potential directions regarding material design concepts for 2D carbon-based nanomaterials and MXene phases for metal-ion storage are proposed.展开更多
The Zagros fold-thrust belt in Iran is home to one of the enormous petroleum producing reservoirs in the word. The Tabnak gas field in this belt is one of the enormous sweet gas fields that discovered on the land. Thi...The Zagros fold-thrust belt in Iran is home to one of the enormous petroleum producing reservoirs in the word. The Tabnak gas field in this belt is one of the enormous sweet gas fields that discovered on the land. This anticlinal structure is located in the Coastal Fars sub-basin and is bounded from North by the Varavi gas field, from South by the Kuh-e Madar anticline, from East by Assaluyeh gas field and from West by Kuh-e Dehnow anticline. Its length is about 80 km and width is about 15 km. This structure is asymmetric anticline and is located with irregular near the Assaluyeh gas field. The Tabnak gas field is deepest structure between anticlines in the Coastal Fars area. This gas field has a special place for accommodating the enormous Hydrocarbon resources and for this reason, it is very important for Iran country. In this structure, the Dashtak, Kangan and upper Dalan Formations have Hydrocarbon. Analysis and description of fold style elements are essential for structural studies. Based on this case, the comparison of the fold styles and folding mechanism is possible. The main aim in this research is the analysis of the fold style elements of the Tabnak anticline for determining the folding pattern and tectonic regime on this structure. This case has very important for Hydrocarbon exploration between gas fields in the Fars area. In this research, we used the Tectonics FP software, Global Mapper software and geological maps and reports of Iranian National Oil Company. In addition, we used common classification of fold for indicating folding mechanism of the Tabnak anticlinal structure. Based on analysis of the fold style elements, the Tabnak anticlinal structure has variation in fold style. This structure has three different fold styles in different parts. The changes of fold axis, axial plane characteristics and fold classification confirmed several fold styles in different parts of the Tabnak anticline. These changes are observed specially in B-B', F-F' and G-G' sections of this anticline. It seems that t展开更多
For the treatment of MRSA-infected wounds,the spatiotemporally sequential delivery of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs is a promising strategy.In this study,ROS-responsive HA-PBA/PVA(HPA)hydrogel was prepared...For the treatment of MRSA-infected wounds,the spatiotemporally sequential delivery of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs is a promising strategy.In this study,ROS-responsive HA-PBA/PVA(HPA)hydrogel was prepared by phenylborate ester bond cross-linking between hyaluronic acid-grafted 3-amino phenylboronic acid(HA-PBA)and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)to achieve spatiotemporally controlled release of two kinds of drug to treat MRSA-infected wound.The hydrophilic antibiotic moxifloxacin(M)was directly loaded in the hydrogel.And hydrophobic curcumin(Cur)with anti-inflammatory function was first mixed with Pluronic F127(PF)to form Cur-encapsulated PF micelles(Cur-PF),and then loaded into the HPA hydrogel.Due to the different hydrophilic and hydrophobic nature of moxifloxacin and Cur and their different existing forms in the HPA hydrogel,the final HPA/M&Cur-PF hydrogel can achieve different spatiotemporally sequential delivery of the two drugs.In addition,the swelling,degradation,self-healing,antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,antioxidant property,and biocompatibility of hydrogels were tested.Finally,in the MRSA-infected mouse skin wound,the hydrogel-treated group showed faster wound closure,less inflammation and more collagen deposition.Immunofluorescence experiments further confirmed that the hydrogel promoted better repair by reducing inflammation(TNF-a)and promoting vascular(VEGF)regeneration.In conclusion,this HPA/M&CurPF hydrogel that can spatiotemporally sequential deliver antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs showed great potential for the repair of MRSA-infected skin wounds.展开更多
The study area is located in the Zagros Simply Folded Belt of Iran and in the interior Fars sub-basin (175 km from Persian Gulf). The Zagros fold-thrust belt is home to one of the largest petroleum producing reservoir...The study area is located in the Zagros Simply Folded Belt of Iran and in the interior Fars sub-basin (175 km from Persian Gulf). The Zagros fold-thrust belt is home to one of the largest petroleum producing reservoirs in the world. Structures in this area have complications and the study anticline has unique structures in the Fars region. In the study area, the Kuh-e Qazi anticline due to special fold style and rotation toward Northeast is the unique structure between anticlines of the Zagros belt. This anticline is fault bend fold and plunge of the anticline in eastern part rotated toward Northeast along with the Nezamabad fault trend. In this area, the Kuh-e Qazi anticline has asymmetric structures and some faults such as the Nezamabad and the Sarvestan strike slip fault effect on this anticline. The geometry of anticlines in the Zagros fold-thrust belt is affected by the type of deformation and mechanical behavior of stratigraphic units specially detachment units. The purpose of this research is to determine of folding pattern of the Kuh-e Qazi anticline and define structural features affected on them in the study area. This paper presents a part of the results of a regional study of the Fars province in the Zagros Simply Folded Belt, based on original fieldwork, satellite images, structural sections, geological maps and well data. Also, we use some software as Global Mapper and Tectonics FP for preparing some data.?Based on the research, which have been done, the boundary between ductile and frictional substrates causes rotation as a result of lateral, along-strike migration of the ductile substrate. The ductile or viscose layer in the study area is Hormuz Series. Due to lack or thinning of Hormuz salt over the Gavbandi basement high and in the eastern side of the Nezamabad basement fault, causes translation of strain and anticlockwise rotation in Southeast of the Kuh-e Qazi anticline toward Northwest unlike foreland basin due to the Nezamabad fault activity. This style between all of the anticlines in the s展开更多
In this study,MnCo2O4 nanosheets were proposed to be utilized as an electrode material for supercapacitors.A two-step hydrothermal method with post-annealing treatment was employed in preparation of the nanostructures...In this study,MnCo2O4 nanosheets were proposed to be utilized as an electrode material for supercapacitors.A two-step hydrothermal method with post-annealing treatment was employed in preparation of the nanostructures.MnCo2O4 electrode delivered a high specific capacitance of 2000 F g^-1 at 0.5 A g^-1,remarkable high-rate capability of 1150 F g^-1 at 20 A g^-1,and an excellent cycling stability of 92.3%at 5 A g^-1 after 5000 cycles.It is found that a three-electrode supercapacitor based on MnCo2O4 exhibits a promising electrochemical performance,better than the other similar materials,benefited from the synergistic effects of MnCo2O4 nanosheets.In fact,the self-assembly of nanosheets structure with high specific surface area and mesoporous structure can potentially enhance the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors.展开更多
Presence of different terms with various values can alter the thermal behavior of the nanofluids flow over porous surfaces.The aim of this research is to study the influence of nanoparticles volume fraction,nanopartic...Presence of different terms with various values can alter the thermal behavior of the nanofluids flow over porous surfaces.The aim of this research is to study the influence of nanoparticles volume fraction,nanoparticles type,suction or injection,the heat generation or absorption,the Eckert number,thermal and velocity slip parameters,and radiation on the velocity and temperature fields on the flow and heat transfer over a porous flat plate.Four different types of nanoparticles including metal nanoparticles (Cu),metal oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3) and carbon-based nanomaterials (MWCNTs and SWCNTs) which were dispersed in the water (as based fluid) are studied.The governing equations are converted into the ordinary differential equations using similarity solution and solved numerically by the RKF45 algorithm.The results of the simulations showed a contradiction with the results of other researchers who expressed that using nanoparticles with higher thermal conductivity and volume fraction led to increasing heat transfer rate in nanofluids;this study proves that,in some cases,boosting the volume fraction of nanoparticles has a potential to decrease the heat transfer rate due to significant changes in values of some parameters including radiation,heat generation,and viscous dissipation.展开更多
The Pishvar anticline with Northwest-Southeast trend is located in the Sub-Coastal Fars area. This anticline with 80 Km length and 5 - 7 Km width is located in western part of the Lar area. The Pishvar anticline has t...The Pishvar anticline with Northwest-Southeast trend is located in the Sub-Coastal Fars area. This anticline with 80 Km length and 5 - 7 Km width is located in western part of the Lar area. The Pishvar anticline has two closures that are separated together by smooth down-warp. The oldest units that have outcropped on the surfaces are Asmari and Jahrom Formations. The most faults that observed on the Pishvar anticline are Normal fault. In the study area, the Razak and Hendurabi faults are main faults. These faults are strike slip with sinistral displacement. This anticline has greater dip in Northern flank compared to Southern flank. In this research, the main aim is folding style analysis, based on Description of fold geometry for indicate hydrocarbon trap structure in the Pishvar anticline. Description of fold geometry is important because they allow comparisons within and between folds and pattern-recognition in addition to occurrence and distribution of fold systems. We used Tectonics FP and Global Mapper Software for prepared some data in our study. In addition, we used the common classification of folds for our research. Based on results, the folding pattern of this anticline has indicated the fold style has different type in different parts of the Pishvar anticline. According to fold style variation and deformation analysis from B-B’ to C-C’ parts of the study anticline, it seems that the location of the Razak sinistral strike slip fault has existed in this parts. Fold style change can show this case. In addition, fold style variation and deformation analysis from E-E’ to F-F’ parts of this anticline has been affected of the secondary fault that is related to the Razak sinistral strike slip fault. We introduced this fault for first time. Finally, Based on results in this research, in western part there is little probability for access to hydrocarbon trap in upper horizons, unless the exploratory drilling continues to the deeper horizons.展开更多
2,2'-Arylmethylene bis(3-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-2-cyclohexene-1-one) 4l-s produced from reaction between dimedone with various aldehydes in acetonitrile using ZnO as a catalyst;whereas in the presence of ZnO-acetyl ...2,2'-Arylmethylene bis(3-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-2-cyclohexene-1-one) 4l-s produced from reaction between dimedone with various aldehydes in acetonitrile using ZnO as a catalyst;whereas in the presence of ZnO-acetyl chloride catalysts the reaction is limited to give only 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthenes 3a-k in very good yields.展开更多
Objective:According to the World Federation of Medical Education,critical thinking should be part of the training of medical and paramedical students.Professionals can improve the quality of care of patients after sur...Objective:According to the World Federation of Medical Education,critical thinking should be part of the training of medical and paramedical students.Professionals can improve the quality of care of patients after surgery by having or acquiring this skill in health care.Also,Emotional intelligence is introduced as an impor tant and effective factor on the professional performance and mental health of healthcare professionals.Thus,the present study was designed and implemented to determine the relationship between emotional intelligence and critical thinking among operating room nursing students of medical sciences universities in Iran.Methods:This cross-sectional study was done on 420 operating room students in 10 top medical sciences universities of Iran in 2022.The sampling method in this research was multistage sampling.The data collection instruments included demographic characteristics,Rickett's critical thinking,and Bradberry-Greaves'emotional intelligence questionnaires.After receiving the ethics code,data collection was done for 2 months.For data analysis,descriptive and inferential analyses including independent t-tests,analysis of variance,and Pearson correlation were used.The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 18(IBM Corporation,Armonk,New York,United States).P-value<0.05 was considered significant.Results:The mean age of the students participating in this study was 23.02±3.70 years,with women constituting 67.4%of them.The results of data analysis indicated that the mean total score of critical thinking and emotional intelligence was 124.10±37.52 and 114.12±43.63,respectively.A direct significant correlation between critical thinking and emotional intelligence(r=0.459,P-value<0.001)and a significant relationship between gender and emotional intelligence(P-value=0.028)were found.Conclusions:Based on the present study results,educational managers in the Ministry of Health are suggested to consider suitable educational programs for improving critical thinking and emotional intelligence to enhance the展开更多
Increasing world request for energy has made oil extraction from reservoirs more desirable.Many novel EOR methods have been proposed and utilized for this purpose.Using nanocomposites in chemical flooding is one of th...Increasing world request for energy has made oil extraction from reservoirs more desirable.Many novel EOR methods have been proposed and utilized for this purpose.Using nanocomposites in chemical flooding is one of these novel methods.In this study,we investigated the impact of six injection solutions on the recovery of light and heavy oil with the presence of two different brines as formation water using a homogenous glass micromodel.All of the injection solutions were based on a 40,000 ppm Na Cl synthetic seawater(SSW),one of which was additive free and the others were prepared by dispersing nanocomposite silica-based polyacrylamide(NCSP),nanocomposite alumina-based polyacrylamide(NCAP),the combination of both nanocomposites silica and alumina based on polyacrylamide(NCSAP),surfactant(CTAB)and polyacrylamide(PAM)with a concentration of 1000 ppm as additives.The Stability of nanocomposites was tested against the salinity of the brine and temperature using salinity and DSC tests which were successful.Alongside stability tests,IFT,contact angle and oil recovery measurements were made.Visual results revealed that in addition to the effect of silica and alumina nanocomposite in reducing interfacial tension and wettability alteration,control of mobility ratio caused a major improvement in sweeping efficiency and oil recovery.According to the sweeping behavior of injected fluids,it was found that the main effect of surfactant was wettability alteration,for polyacrylamide was mobility control and for nanocomposites was the reduction of interfacial tension between oil and injected fluid,which was completely analyzed and checked out.Also,NCSAP with 95.83%and 70.33%and CTAB with 84.35%and 91%have the highest light oil recoveries at 250,000 ppm and 180,000 ppm salinity,respectively which is related to the superposition effect of interactions between nanocomposites,solution and oil.Based on our results it can be concluded that the most effective mechanism in oil recovery was IFT reduction which was done by CTAB reduction al展开更多
Forest management planning often relies on Airborne Laser Scanning(ALS)-based Forest Management Inventories(FMIs)for sustainable and efficient decision-making.Employing the area-based(ABA)approach,these inventories es...Forest management planning often relies on Airborne Laser Scanning(ALS)-based Forest Management Inventories(FMIs)for sustainable and efficient decision-making.Employing the area-based(ABA)approach,these inventories estimate forest characteristics for grid cell areas(pixels),which are then usually summarized at the stand level.Using the ALS-based high-resolution Norwegian Forest Resource Maps(16 m×16 m pixel resolution)alongside with stand-level growth and yield models,this study explores the impact of three levels of pixel aggregation(standlevel,stand-level with species strata,and pixel-level)on projected stand development.The results indicate significant differences in the projected outputs based on the aggregation level.Notably,the most substantial difference in estimated volume occurred between stand-level and pixel-level aggregation,ranging from-301 to+253 m^(3)·ha^(-1)for single stands.The differences were,on average,higher for broadleaves than for spruce and pine dominated stands,and for mixed stands and stands with higher variability than for pure and homogenous stands.In conclusion,this research underscores the critical role of input data resolution in forest planning and management,emphasizing the need for improved data collection practices to ensure sustainable forest management.展开更多
基金Project supported by Anguran Lead and Zinc Company(55/G/93)
文摘At present, the use of rare earth elements（REEs） has become an inevitable necessity in many modern industries. In general, liquid extraction is the best commercial method for extracting REEs due to its ability to control high volumes of liquids with electrical load. With the aim of improving a separation technology that would be superior to the existing extraction systems, the extraction behaviors of La（Ⅲ）,Pr（Ⅲ）, and Nd（Ⅲ） from an HCI medium with Cyanex 272 in the presence of the complexing agent lactic acid（HLac） and auxiliary agents citric acid（H3 Cit）, acetic acid（HAc）, and Titriplex Ⅲ have been reported.The effect of pH and lactic acid concentration has been examined. The use of lactic acid as a complexing agent leading to a high extraction of REEs with Cyanex 272 at pH = 5 was compared with systems without lactic acid. The results show that the use of acetic acid along with lactic acid leads to an increase in the extraction percentage of LREEs. While use of citric acid and Titriplex Ⅲ reduces the extraction percentage of LREEs. Finally, the presence of Titriplex Ⅲ together with lactic acid could lead to an increase in the separation factor of Pr and Nd.
文摘The study area (Bandar Abbas area) is located in the Zagros fold-thrust belt as part of the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt as seismically active belt. This area is located between the Makran accretionary prism and Oman Mountains from east and the Zagros collision belt from west as transition zone. The Zagros fold-thrust belt from the viewpoint of seismicity, is very active and Iran’s major earthquake-prone area. The study area has main active faults and some high magnitude earthquakes occurred in current century. Because the Bandar Abbas area has high seismic activity, the main goal of this research is prepared to earthquake hazard zonation and identify hazardous seismic zones, based on Decision Support System method for define active seismotectonic in this area. The seismotectonic study has been done in 30 - 100 km radius, for Bandar Abbas area. In this research, we used Decision Support System method by in corporate and combine essential data such as seismic data from 1900-2015, Digital Elevation Model of the study area (DEM), surface geology, seismicity parameters, soil classification and location main faults. In this research the Decision Support System (DSS) base on GIS database is used for calculate seismicity parameters. Based on the relative risk of earthquake zonation map, the Bandar Abbas area is located from the north to the East and from the South to the East, in area with high seismic risk (with Orange color). Some small regions with very high relative seismic risk have been limited to these areas with high risk. Also from north to west and from south to west “the study area” is located mainly in the area with earthquake relative risk of in areas with moderate and low relative risk of earthquakes. In the far southwestern region of the study, the small area is located in an area with high and very high seismic relative risk and this case may be due to the activity of the Mountain Front Fault (MFF) and Zagros Fore deep Fault (ZFF). Finally, the study area has been affected by active faults and it
文摘The Gavbast anticline is located in the Coastal Fars area of the Zagros folded belt, with north-south trend. The study anticline is restricted to the Bavush and Paskhand anticlines from North, the Gezzeh and Dehnow anticlines from South, the Varavi anticline from West and Nakh anticline from East (Figure 1). Description of fold geometry is important because they allow comparisons within and between folds and pattern-recognition in addition to occurrence and distribution of fold systems. The main goal of this paper is to define folding style of the Gavbast anticline and define structural features affected on them in the study area. In this research, we used the Tectonics FP software, Global Mapper software and geological maps and reports of Iranian National Oil Company. In addition, we used common classification of fold for indicating of folding mechanism of the Tabnak anticlinal structure. In the Gavbast anticline, fold style elements in all parts of this anticline have been calculated and analyzed for indicating of folding style mechanism. The results of this method have been shown the folding geometry changes accurately. The Gavbast anticline is gentle in structural sections D-D' and G-G' to K-K'. The anticline is an open fold in the L-L' section. Also fold type in the E-E' and F-F' sections of the Gavbast anticline is steeply inclined sub-horizontal. These sections are located between the Razak (western part) and Hendurabi fault (eastern part). It seems that E-E' and F-F' parts in the Gavbast anticline have been suffered most deformation affected by the Razak and Hendurabi faults. At the end of, it seems that, the Razak and Hendurabi faults have major effects on folding style. This structure is a very good sample for effect of strike slip faults on the folding geometry and for this reason;the Gavbast anticline is considered a special structural style in the Zagros fold-thrust Belt.
基金supported financially by Department of Animal Science, Tabriz University and Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
文摘This study was performed to evaluate the effect of folic acid(FA) on performance, egg quality and yolk5-methyltetrahydrofolate(5-MTHF) content. A total of 384 Hy-line W36 strain hens from 52 to 58 weeks of age were randomly assigned to 4 groups, and each group received one of following dietary treatments:0, 5.10 and 15 mg FA/kg diet. A completely randomized design was used. Egg production percentage, egg mass and egg weight were increased significantly(P < 0.05) and feed conversion ratio(FCR) was reduced significantly(P < 0.05) by increasing FA content in diets. No significant differences were detected among treatments on egg quality except for shell thickness. The dietary supplementations of laying hens diets with FA significantly increased yolk 5-MTHF content(P = 0.02). Overall, these data demonstrate that dietary supplementation with FA raised 5-MTHF content of yolk and productivity of egg production in laying hens.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52072298 and 51802261)the Local Special Service Program Funded by Education Department of Shaanxi Provincial Government(19JC031)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi(2020JC-41,2021TD-15)the Xi’an Science and Technology Project of China(2019219714SYS012CG034)the Project 2019JLP-04 supported by the Joint Foundation of Shaanxi.
文摘To address the capacity degradation,voltage fading,structural instability and adverse interface reactions in cathode materi-als of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),numerous modification strategies have been developed,mainly including coating and doping.In particular,the important strategy of doping(surface doping and bulk doping)has been considered an effective strategy to modulate the crystal lattice structure of cathode materials.However,special insights into the mechanisms and effectiveness of the doping strategy,especially comparisons between surface doping and bulk doping in cathode materials,are still lacking.In this review,recent significant progress in surface doping and bulk doping strategies is demonstrated in detail by focusing on their inherent differences as well as effects on the structural stability,lithium-ion(Li-ion)diffusion and electrochemical properties of cathode materials from the following mechanistic insights:preventing the exposure of reactive Ni on the surface,stabilizing the Li slabs,mitigating the migration of transition metal(TM)ions,alleviating unde-sired structural transformations and adverse interface issues,enlarging the Li interslab spacing,forming three-dimensional(3D)Li-ion diffusion channels,and providing more active sites for the charge-transfer process.Moreover,insights into the correlation between the mechanisms of hybrid surface engineering strategies(doping and coating)and their influences on the electrochemical performance of cathode materials are provided by emphasizing the stabilization of the Li slabs,the enhancement of the surface chemical stability,and the alleviation of TM ion migration.Furthermore,the existing challenges and future perspectives in this promising field are indicated.
文摘The pressure dependence of structural,electronic and thermoelectric properties of half-Heusler ZrNiPb was investigated in the bulk and nanosheet structures.In order to obtain the accurate results,the full-potential(linearized) augmented plane-wave(FP(L)APW)calculations were performed with the Perdew-BurkeErnzerhof generalized gradient approximation(PBE-GGA)and modified Becke-Johnson(mBJ) plus spin-orbit coupling(SOC).Obtained band gap values are in close agreement with the experimental results(<0.5 eV).The variations of the thermoelectric properties of the ZrNiPb were studied under different temperatures,carrier concentrations and the hydrostatic pressures.The results show that the hydrostatic pressure decreases the lattice constant value.The band structure calculations display that the band gap increases with pressure for the bulk state and it is 0 for the nanosheet of ZrNiPb [010].The highest value of figure of merit(ZT)=0.95 is found at 9.378 GPa at a carrier concentration of n=1 × 10^18 cm^-3 at 250 K for p-type of ZrNiPb.
文摘This paper seeks to enhance the understanding that the horizontal stresses build up and release during coal pillar loading and unloading(post-failure) drawing upon three decades of observations, geomechanical monitoring and numerical modeling in bump-prone U.S. mines. The focus is on induced horizontal stress in mine pillars and surrounding strata as highly stressed pillars punch into the roof and floor, causing shear failure and buckling of strata; under stiff stratigraphic units of some western US mines, these events could be accompanied by violent failure of pillar cores. Pillar punching eventually results in tensile stresses at the base of the pillar, facilitating transition into the post-failure regime; this transition will be nonviolent if certain conditions are met, notably the presence of interbedded mudstones with low shear strength properties and proper mine designs for controlling seismicity and dynamic loads. The study clearly shows high confining stress build-up in coal pillars resulting in up to twice higher peak vertical stress and high strain energy accumulations in some western US mines in comparison with peak stresses predicted using common empirical pillar design methods. It is the unstable release of this strain energy that can cause significant damage resulting from pillar dilation and ground movements. These forces are much greater than the capacity of most common internal support systems, resulting in horizontal stressinduced roof falls locally, in mines under unremarkable far-field horizontal stress. Attention should be placed on pillar designs as increasing support density may prove to be ineffective. This mechanism is analyzed using field measurements and generic finite-difference stress analyses. The study confirms the higher load carrying capacity of confinement-controlled coal seams in comparison with structurally controlled coal seams. Such significant differences in confining stresses are not taken into account when estimating peak pillar strength using most common empirical techniq
文摘Objective:To assess the antibacterial activity of eight Iranian plant extracts against Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus) strains which were isolated from infected patients.Methods: The studied strains were isolated from urine,stool,blood and wound of infected patients and identified by biochemical tests.In further,the antibacterial activity of 8 ethanolic local plant extracts including Querqus brantii(Q.brantii),Ziziphus spina-christi(Z.spina-christi),Peganum harmala(P.harmala),Oliveira decumbens(O.decumbens),Galium tricornutum(G.tricornutum), Vitex pseudo negundo(Vi.pseudo negundo),Salvia officinalis(S.officinalis),Vaccaria pyramidata (V.pyramidata) were then evaluated using agar disc diffusion method.Results:A total of 9 isolates were isolated and identified as S.aureus.Antibacterial profile of the strains showed that the strains were resistant to methicillin and cefixime.The highest antibacterial activity against the studied strains were belong to Q.brantii,P.harmala,Z.spina-christi and O.decumbens vent extracts with 11-40 mm,15-28 mm,8-26 mm and 10-20 mm of diameters,respectively. Intermediate antibacterial activity was exhibited by G.tricornutum and Vi.pseudo negundo against some of the studied strains with 7-20 mm and 7-13 mm of diameters,respectively. Noteworthy,out of 9 studied strains;6 and 2 of them were resistant to the G.tricornutum and Vi. pseudo negundo extracts,respectively.The S.officinalis and Va.pyramidata,however,showed no antibacterial activity against the studied strains.Conclusions:The Q.brantii,P.harmala,Z. spina-christi and O.decumbens extracts were shown to possess strong antibacterial activity against methicillin and cefixime resistant S.aureus strains and can be considered as the promising natural antibiotics for treating the studied strains.
基金the financial support from Iran National Science Foundation (INSF) under grant number 95822903
文摘A facile and innovative method to improve bonding between the two parts of compound squeeze cast Al/Al-4.5 wt.%Cu macrocomposite bimetals was developed and its effects on microstructure and mechanical properties of the bimetal were investigated.A special concentric groove pattern was machined on the top surface of the insert(squeeze cast Al-4.5 wt.%Cu) and its effects on heat transfer,solidification and distribution of generated stresses along the interface region of the bimetal components were simulated using ProCAST and ANSYS softwares and experimentally verified. Simulation results indicated complete melting of the tips of the surface grooves and local generation of large stress gradient fields along the interface. These are believed to result in rupture of the insert interfacial aluminum oxide layer facilitating diffusion bonding of the bimetal components. Microstructural evaluations confirmed formation of an evident transition zone along the interface region of the bimetal. Average thickness of the transition zone and tensile strength of the bimetal were significantly increased to about 375 μm and 54 MPa, respectively, by applying the surface pattern.The proposed method is an affordable and promising approach for compound squeeze casting of Al-Al macrocomposite bimetals without resort to any prior cost and time intensive chemical or coating treatments of the solid insert.
基金Authors are thankful to the University of Cologne and the Global Frontier for Hybrid Interface Materials,Busan National University,Korea for the financial support.This work was also financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 51874099)the National Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2018J06012)We also acknowledge the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation for a fellowship to Dr.Zhensheng Hong.Dr.Hajar Maleki would like to acknowledge the German Aerospace Center(DLR)as well as the Association of the Chemical Industry,the Chemical Industry Fund for the financial supports.
文摘Na-ion batteries and K-ion batteries are promising alternatives to vastly used lithium-ion batteries mainly due to the larger natural abundance of sodium and potassium resources. Carbon-based and MXene materials have received increasing attention due to their unique layered structure to accommodate the larger sodium and potassium ions. It’s proposed that ionic size disparity (K^(+): 1.38 Å;Na^(+): 0.97 Å;Li^(+): 0.76 Å) leads to sluggish intercalation and extraction kinetics in larger alkali metal ions (AMIs). Nevertheless, the electrochemical inactivity of sodium intercalation in graphite suggests that different chemical properties of AMs and their interactions with carbon host and electrolytes is crucial for interfacial instability and irreversible capacity loss. Structural modifications by expanding interlayer spacing and defect engineering enable reduced diffusion barriers and enhanced insertion of sodium or potassium, but it blurs the electrochemical performance between battery and capacitor. This review provides insight into 2D carbon materials and their architectures for Na and K-ion batteries through an in-depth analysis of structure–property interdependence and different electrochemical mechanisms supported by both experimental and theoretical data to discuss the promises and challenges of post-lithium batteries. Finally, the perspectives and potential directions regarding material design concepts for 2D carbon-based nanomaterials and MXene phases for metal-ion storage are proposed.
文摘The Zagros fold-thrust belt in Iran is home to one of the enormous petroleum producing reservoirs in the word. The Tabnak gas field in this belt is one of the enormous sweet gas fields that discovered on the land. This anticlinal structure is located in the Coastal Fars sub-basin and is bounded from North by the Varavi gas field, from South by the Kuh-e Madar anticline, from East by Assaluyeh gas field and from West by Kuh-e Dehnow anticline. Its length is about 80 km and width is about 15 km. This structure is asymmetric anticline and is located with irregular near the Assaluyeh gas field. The Tabnak gas field is deepest structure between anticlines in the Coastal Fars area. This gas field has a special place for accommodating the enormous Hydrocarbon resources and for this reason, it is very important for Iran country. In this structure, the Dashtak, Kangan and upper Dalan Formations have Hydrocarbon. Analysis and description of fold style elements are essential for structural studies. Based on this case, the comparison of the fold styles and folding mechanism is possible. The main aim in this research is the analysis of the fold style elements of the Tabnak anticline for determining the folding pattern and tectonic regime on this structure. This case has very important for Hydrocarbon exploration between gas fields in the Fars area. In this research, we used the Tectonics FP software, Global Mapper software and geological maps and reports of Iranian National Oil Company. In addition, we used common classification of fold for indicating folding mechanism of the Tabnak anticlinal structure. Based on analysis of the fold style elements, the Tabnak anticlinal structure has variation in fold style. This structure has three different fold styles in different parts. The changes of fold axis, axial plane characteristics and fold classification confirmed several fold styles in different parts of the Tabnak anticline. These changes are observed specially in B-B', F-F' and G-G' sections of this anticline. It seems that t
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 51973172,52273149)supported by 111 Project 2.0(grant number BPO618008)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(grant number 2020JC03)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(grant number 2022M712498)State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials,and the World-Class Universities(Disciplines)and the Characteristic Development Guidance Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘For the treatment of MRSA-infected wounds,the spatiotemporally sequential delivery of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs is a promising strategy.In this study,ROS-responsive HA-PBA/PVA(HPA)hydrogel was prepared by phenylborate ester bond cross-linking between hyaluronic acid-grafted 3-amino phenylboronic acid(HA-PBA)and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)to achieve spatiotemporally controlled release of two kinds of drug to treat MRSA-infected wound.The hydrophilic antibiotic moxifloxacin(M)was directly loaded in the hydrogel.And hydrophobic curcumin(Cur)with anti-inflammatory function was first mixed with Pluronic F127(PF)to form Cur-encapsulated PF micelles(Cur-PF),and then loaded into the HPA hydrogel.Due to the different hydrophilic and hydrophobic nature of moxifloxacin and Cur and their different existing forms in the HPA hydrogel,the final HPA/M&Cur-PF hydrogel can achieve different spatiotemporally sequential delivery of the two drugs.In addition,the swelling,degradation,self-healing,antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,antioxidant property,and biocompatibility of hydrogels were tested.Finally,in the MRSA-infected mouse skin wound,the hydrogel-treated group showed faster wound closure,less inflammation and more collagen deposition.Immunofluorescence experiments further confirmed that the hydrogel promoted better repair by reducing inflammation(TNF-a)and promoting vascular(VEGF)regeneration.In conclusion,this HPA/M&CurPF hydrogel that can spatiotemporally sequential deliver antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs showed great potential for the repair of MRSA-infected skin wounds.
文摘The study area is located in the Zagros Simply Folded Belt of Iran and in the interior Fars sub-basin (175 km from Persian Gulf). The Zagros fold-thrust belt is home to one of the largest petroleum producing reservoirs in the world. Structures in this area have complications and the study anticline has unique structures in the Fars region. In the study area, the Kuh-e Qazi anticline due to special fold style and rotation toward Northeast is the unique structure between anticlines of the Zagros belt. This anticline is fault bend fold and plunge of the anticline in eastern part rotated toward Northeast along with the Nezamabad fault trend. In this area, the Kuh-e Qazi anticline has asymmetric structures and some faults such as the Nezamabad and the Sarvestan strike slip fault effect on this anticline. The geometry of anticlines in the Zagros fold-thrust belt is affected by the type of deformation and mechanical behavior of stratigraphic units specially detachment units. The purpose of this research is to determine of folding pattern of the Kuh-e Qazi anticline and define structural features affected on them in the study area. This paper presents a part of the results of a regional study of the Fars province in the Zagros Simply Folded Belt, based on original fieldwork, satellite images, structural sections, geological maps and well data. Also, we use some software as Global Mapper and Tectonics FP for preparing some data.?Based on the research, which have been done, the boundary between ductile and frictional substrates causes rotation as a result of lateral, along-strike migration of the ductile substrate. The ductile or viscose layer in the study area is Hormuz Series. Due to lack or thinning of Hormuz salt over the Gavbandi basement high and in the eastern side of the Nezamabad basement fault, causes translation of strain and anticlockwise rotation in Southeast of the Kuh-e Qazi anticline toward Northwest unlike foreland basin due to the Nezamabad fault activity. This style between all of the anticlines in the s
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51572194)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFB0105900)
文摘In this study,MnCo2O4 nanosheets were proposed to be utilized as an electrode material for supercapacitors.A two-step hydrothermal method with post-annealing treatment was employed in preparation of the nanostructures.MnCo2O4 electrode delivered a high specific capacitance of 2000 F g^-1 at 0.5 A g^-1,remarkable high-rate capability of 1150 F g^-1 at 20 A g^-1,and an excellent cycling stability of 92.3%at 5 A g^-1 after 5000 cycles.It is found that a three-electrode supercapacitor based on MnCo2O4 exhibits a promising electrochemical performance,better than the other similar materials,benefited from the synergistic effects of MnCo2O4 nanosheets.In fact,the self-assembly of nanosheets structure with high specific surface area and mesoporous structure can potentially enhance the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors.
文摘Presence of different terms with various values can alter the thermal behavior of the nanofluids flow over porous surfaces.The aim of this research is to study the influence of nanoparticles volume fraction,nanoparticles type,suction or injection,the heat generation or absorption,the Eckert number,thermal and velocity slip parameters,and radiation on the velocity and temperature fields on the flow and heat transfer over a porous flat plate.Four different types of nanoparticles including metal nanoparticles (Cu),metal oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3) and carbon-based nanomaterials (MWCNTs and SWCNTs) which were dispersed in the water (as based fluid) are studied.The governing equations are converted into the ordinary differential equations using similarity solution and solved numerically by the RKF45 algorithm.The results of the simulations showed a contradiction with the results of other researchers who expressed that using nanoparticles with higher thermal conductivity and volume fraction led to increasing heat transfer rate in nanofluids;this study proves that,in some cases,boosting the volume fraction of nanoparticles has a potential to decrease the heat transfer rate due to significant changes in values of some parameters including radiation,heat generation,and viscous dissipation.
文摘The Pishvar anticline with Northwest-Southeast trend is located in the Sub-Coastal Fars area. This anticline with 80 Km length and 5 - 7 Km width is located in western part of the Lar area. The Pishvar anticline has two closures that are separated together by smooth down-warp. The oldest units that have outcropped on the surfaces are Asmari and Jahrom Formations. The most faults that observed on the Pishvar anticline are Normal fault. In the study area, the Razak and Hendurabi faults are main faults. These faults are strike slip with sinistral displacement. This anticline has greater dip in Northern flank compared to Southern flank. In this research, the main aim is folding style analysis, based on Description of fold geometry for indicate hydrocarbon trap structure in the Pishvar anticline. Description of fold geometry is important because they allow comparisons within and between folds and pattern-recognition in addition to occurrence and distribution of fold systems. We used Tectonics FP and Global Mapper Software for prepared some data in our study. In addition, we used the common classification of folds for our research. Based on results, the folding pattern of this anticline has indicated the fold style has different type in different parts of the Pishvar anticline. According to fold style variation and deformation analysis from B-B’ to C-C’ parts of the study anticline, it seems that the location of the Razak sinistral strike slip fault has existed in this parts. Fold style change can show this case. In addition, fold style variation and deformation analysis from E-E’ to F-F’ parts of this anticline has been affected of the secondary fault that is related to the Razak sinistral strike slip fault. We introduced this fault for first time. Finally, Based on results in this research, in western part there is little probability for access to hydrocarbon trap in upper horizons, unless the exploratory drilling continues to the deeper horizons.
基金support from the Research Council of University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran
文摘2,2'-Arylmethylene bis(3-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-2-cyclohexene-1-one) 4l-s produced from reaction between dimedone with various aldehydes in acetonitrile using ZnO as a catalyst;whereas in the presence of ZnO-acetyl chloride catalysts the reaction is limited to give only 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthenes 3a-k in very good yields.
文摘Objective:According to the World Federation of Medical Education,critical thinking should be part of the training of medical and paramedical students.Professionals can improve the quality of care of patients after surgery by having or acquiring this skill in health care.Also,Emotional intelligence is introduced as an impor tant and effective factor on the professional performance and mental health of healthcare professionals.Thus,the present study was designed and implemented to determine the relationship between emotional intelligence and critical thinking among operating room nursing students of medical sciences universities in Iran.Methods:This cross-sectional study was done on 420 operating room students in 10 top medical sciences universities of Iran in 2022.The sampling method in this research was multistage sampling.The data collection instruments included demographic characteristics,Rickett's critical thinking,and Bradberry-Greaves'emotional intelligence questionnaires.After receiving the ethics code,data collection was done for 2 months.For data analysis,descriptive and inferential analyses including independent t-tests,analysis of variance,and Pearson correlation were used.The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 18(IBM Corporation,Armonk,New York,United States).P-value<0.05 was considered significant.Results:The mean age of the students participating in this study was 23.02±3.70 years,with women constituting 67.4%of them.The results of data analysis indicated that the mean total score of critical thinking and emotional intelligence was 124.10±37.52 and 114.12±43.63,respectively.A direct significant correlation between critical thinking and emotional intelligence(r=0.459,P-value<0.001)and a significant relationship between gender and emotional intelligence(P-value=0.028)were found.Conclusions:Based on the present study results,educational managers in the Ministry of Health are suggested to consider suitable educational programs for improving critical thinking and emotional intelligence to enhance the
文摘Increasing world request for energy has made oil extraction from reservoirs more desirable.Many novel EOR methods have been proposed and utilized for this purpose.Using nanocomposites in chemical flooding is one of these novel methods.In this study,we investigated the impact of six injection solutions on the recovery of light and heavy oil with the presence of two different brines as formation water using a homogenous glass micromodel.All of the injection solutions were based on a 40,000 ppm Na Cl synthetic seawater(SSW),one of which was additive free and the others were prepared by dispersing nanocomposite silica-based polyacrylamide(NCSP),nanocomposite alumina-based polyacrylamide(NCAP),the combination of both nanocomposites silica and alumina based on polyacrylamide(NCSAP),surfactant(CTAB)and polyacrylamide(PAM)with a concentration of 1000 ppm as additives.The Stability of nanocomposites was tested against the salinity of the brine and temperature using salinity and DSC tests which were successful.Alongside stability tests,IFT,contact angle and oil recovery measurements were made.Visual results revealed that in addition to the effect of silica and alumina nanocomposite in reducing interfacial tension and wettability alteration,control of mobility ratio caused a major improvement in sweeping efficiency and oil recovery.According to the sweeping behavior of injected fluids,it was found that the main effect of surfactant was wettability alteration,for polyacrylamide was mobility control and for nanocomposites was the reduction of interfacial tension between oil and injected fluid,which was completely analyzed and checked out.Also,NCSAP with 95.83%and 70.33%and CTAB with 84.35%and 91%have the highest light oil recoveries at 250,000 ppm and 180,000 ppm salinity,respectively which is related to the superposition effect of interactions between nanocomposites,solution and oil.Based on our results it can be concluded that the most effective mechanism in oil recovery was IFT reduction which was done by CTAB reduction al
文摘Forest management planning often relies on Airborne Laser Scanning(ALS)-based Forest Management Inventories(FMIs)for sustainable and efficient decision-making.Employing the area-based(ABA)approach,these inventories estimate forest characteristics for grid cell areas(pixels),which are then usually summarized at the stand level.Using the ALS-based high-resolution Norwegian Forest Resource Maps(16 m×16 m pixel resolution)alongside with stand-level growth and yield models,this study explores the impact of three levels of pixel aggregation(standlevel,stand-level with species strata,and pixel-level)on projected stand development.The results indicate significant differences in the projected outputs based on the aggregation level.Notably,the most substantial difference in estimated volume occurred between stand-level and pixel-level aggregation,ranging from-301 to+253 m^(3)·ha^(-1)for single stands.The differences were,on average,higher for broadleaves than for spruce and pine dominated stands,and for mixed stands and stands with higher variability than for pure and homogenous stands.In conclusion,this research underscores the critical role of input data resolution in forest planning and management,emphasizing the need for improved data collection practices to ensure sustainable forest management.
