The Olenekian Stage of the Lower Triassic is named from the Boreal Realm, but the stage has never been properly defined, nor has it been applied in the low-latitude Tethyan Realm, with exception of North Caucasus and ...The Olenekian Stage of the Lower Triassic is named from the Boreal Realm, but the stage has never been properly defined, nor has it been applied in the low-latitude Tethyan Realm, with exception of North Caucasus and Mangyshlak. This paper proposes a stratotype for the In-duan-Olenekian boundary in the low-latitude Tethyan Realm. South China is one of the main regions in the Tethyan Realm with well-developed Lower Triassic sequences and abundant fossils. According to the basic stratigraphic records and various accumulated data, we believe that the West Pingdingshan Section in Chaohu, Anhui Province is one of the best sequences to define the Induan-Olenekian boundary. The first appearance datum (FAD) of conodont Neospathodus waageni is the preferred index to define the boundary. This datum lies 26 cm below the FAD of the ammonoids Flemingites and Euflemingites, and is located slightly prior to the top of the second Triassic normal magnetozone, and the peak of the first Triassic positive excursion of carbon isotope σ13C.展开更多
Thermal treatment is a general and efficient way to synthesize intermetallic catalysts and may involve complicated physical processes.So far,the mechanisms leading to the size and composition heterogeneity,as well as ...Thermal treatment is a general and efficient way to synthesize intermetallic catalysts and may involve complicated physical processes.So far,the mechanisms leading to the size and composition heterogeneity,as well as the phase segregation behavior in Pt-Co nanoparticles(NPs)are still not well understood.Via in-situ environmental transmission electron microscopy,the formation dynamics and segregation behaviors of Pt-Co alloyed NPs during the thermal treatment were investigated.It is found that Pt-Co NPs on zeolitic imidazolate frameworks-67-derived nanocarbon(NC)are formed consecutively through both particle migration coalescence and the Ostwald ripening process.The existence of Pt NPs is found to affect the movement of Co NPs during their migration.With the help of theoretical calculations,the correlations between the composition and migration of the Pt and Co during the ripening process were uncovered.These complex alloying processes are revealed as key factors leading to the heterogeneity of the synthesized Pt-Co alloyed NPs.Under oxidation environment,the Pt-Co NPs become surface faceted gradually,which can be attributed to the oxygen facilitated relatively higher segregation rate of Co from the(111)surface.This work advances the fundamental understanding of design,synthesis,and durability of the Pt-based nanocatalysts.展开更多
Flexible spin valves were prepared by magnetron sputtering on polyimide substrates. The buffer layer that reduces significantly the effect of the polymer substrate on the spin valve microstructure and magnetoresistive...Flexible spin valves were prepared by magnetron sputtering on polyimide substrates. The buffer layer that reduces significantly the effect of the polymer substrate on the spin valve microstructure and magnetoresistive properties was revealed. Bending deformation was applied to the microobjects based on the flexible spin valves in parallel to anisotropy axes. It was revealed that during the bend the magnetoresistance changes due to the joint impact of both the change of the magnetic field projection on the film plane and the change of the magnetic properties of the ferromagnetic layers. The obtained dependences have been used in construction of bending sensor, in which the flexible spin valve microstripes were united into the Wheatstone bridge.展开更多
本文研究了无限深流体中非线性定常表面波的稳定性(Lamb 1964,Moiseev 1960).在第1节中,将带有自由表面的理想流体动力学方程转换为有关正则变量的方程:以正则变量来表示波形和表面速度势函数.通过引入正则变量,可以将表面波的稳定性问...本文研究了无限深流体中非线性定常表面波的稳定性(Lamb 1964,Moiseev 1960).在第1节中,将带有自由表面的理想流体动力学方程转换为有关正则变量的方程:以正则变量来表示波形和表面速度势函数.通过引入正则变量,可以将表面波的稳定性问题视为色散介质中非线性波这一更具普遍性问题的一部分(Akhmanov 1964,Zakharov 1965).本文其余部分的结果也适用于一般情况.在第2节中,使用与van der Pohl类似的方法,得到了一个用于描述小振幅近似下的非线性波的简化方程.如果假设波包很窄,方程将特别简单.该方程具有精确解,该解近似于一个有限振幅的周期波.在第3节中,研究了有限振幅周期波的不稳定性,发现了两类不稳定性.第一类不稳定性是破坏不稳定性,类似于等离子体中波的破坏不稳定性(Oraevskii&Sagdeev 1963,Oraevskii 1964).在该类不稳定性中,一对波被同时激发,其频率之和是原始波频率的整数倍.对于毛细波,破坏不稳定产生得最快;而对于重力波,破坏不稳定产生得最慢.第二类不稳定性是负压类型的不稳定性,它是由于非线性波的波速依赖于振幅而产生的,这导致波的调制率被无限放大.当非线性波通过色散介质时,如果色散关系对波数的二阶导数的符号与因非线性效应导致频率漂移的符号不同,则会产生此类不稳定性.正如Litvak A N和Talanov V I(1967)所提到的那样,这类不稳定性已经在非线性电磁波中被独立发现.展开更多
Laser-induced discharge plasmas(LDPs) have the potential to be inspection and metrology sources in extreme ultraviolet(EUV) lithography. An LDP EUV source was developed to avoid tin electrode erosion in which a tin po...Laser-induced discharge plasmas(LDPs) have the potential to be inspection and metrology sources in extreme ultraviolet(EUV) lithography. An LDP EUV source was developed to avoid tin electrode erosion in which a tin pool was used as a cathode. A CO2 pulse laser was focused on the liquid tin target surface, and then a breakdown occurred in a very short time. The voltage-current characteristics of the discharge oscillated, lasting for several microseconds, and an RLC fitting model was used to obtain the inductance and resistance. An intensified chargecoupled device(ICCD) camera was used to investigate the dynamics of LDP, which can explain the formation of a discharge channel. The EUV spectra of laser-induced liquid tin discharge plasma were detected by a grazing incident ultraviolet spectrometer, compared with a laser-produced tin droplet plasma EUV spectrum. To explain the EUV spectrum difference of laser-induced liquid tin discharge plasma and laser-produced tin droplet plasma,the collision radiation(CR) model combined with COWAN code was used to fit the experimental EUV spectrum, which can estimate the electron temperature and density of the plasma.展开更多
Surface channel waveguides(WGs) were fabricated in a monoclinic Tm^(3+):KLu(WO_4)_2 crystal by femtosecond direct laser writing(fs-DLW). The WGs consisted of a half-ring cladding with diameters of 50 and 60 μm locate...Surface channel waveguides(WGs) were fabricated in a monoclinic Tm^(3+):KLu(WO_4)_2 crystal by femtosecond direct laser writing(fs-DLW). The WGs consisted of a half-ring cladding with diameters of 50 and 60 μm located just beneath the crystal surface. They were characterized by confocal laser microscopy and μ-Raman spectroscopy,indicating a reduced crystallinity and stress-induced birefringence of the WG cladding. In continuous-wave(CW)mode, under Ti:sapphire laser pumping at 802 nm, the maximum output power reached 171.1 mW at 1847.4 nm,corresponding to a slope efficiency η of 37.8% for the 60 μm diameter WG. The WG propagation loss was0.7 0.3 d B∕cm. The top surface of the WGs was spin-coated by a polymethyl methacrylate film containing randomly oriented(spaghetti-like) arc-discharge single-walled carbon nanotubes serving as a saturable absorber based on evanescent field coupling. Stable passively Q-switched(PQS) operation was achieved. The PQS60 μm diameter WG laser generated a record output power of 150 m W at 1846.8 nm with η = 34.6%. The conversion efficiency with respect to the CW mode was 87.6%. The best pulse characteristics(energy/duration)were 105.6 nJ/98 ns at a repetition rate of 1.42 MHz.展开更多
To show paleontological characteristics of the Olenekian-Anislan boundary beds in the Russian Far East, a review of new data on the Upper Olenekian and Lower Anisian biostratigraphy of South Primorye is given on the b...To show paleontological characteristics of the Olenekian-Anislan boundary beds in the Russian Far East, a review of new data on the Upper Olenekian and Lower Anisian biostratigraphy of South Primorye is given on the basis of five sections： Golyi Cape, Petrovka River, Zhitkov Peninsula, Tchernyschew Bay and Atlasov Cape, using new ammonoid, brachiopod and conodont findings. The most representative ammonoid assemblage at the base of the Anisian was discovered in the Ussuriphyllites amurensis Zone （10.6 m thick） of the Atlasov Cape Section： Parasageceras sp. nov., Prionitidae gen. et sp. nov. , Ussuriphyllites amurensis （Kiparisova） （dominant）, Megaphyllites atlasoviensis Zakharov, Leiophyllites praematurus Kiparisova, Leiophyllites sp. , Ussurites sp. , Paradanubites sp. indet., Paracrochordiceras sp. nov., Prohungarites popowi Kiparisova, Arctohungarites primoriensis Zakharov, A. solimani （Toula）, Salterites sp. indet. （gigantic shell）, and Tropigastrites sublachontanus Zakharov. Conodonts Neospathodus cf. homeri （Bender） were found in the lower part of the Ussuriphyllites amurensis Zone of the Atlasov Cape. The Atlasov Cape seems to be one of the very promising sections of the Russian Far East for detailed investigation of the Olenekian-Anisian boundary.展开更多
The effects associated with the displacement of the center of gravity of the solar system under the influence of giant planets (Jupiter and Saturn) are discussed. Based on the hypothesis of parametric resonance in the...The effects associated with the displacement of the center of gravity of the solar system under the influence of giant planets (Jupiter and Saturn) are discussed. Based on the hypothesis of parametric resonance in the variation of global temperature with disturbances in the photosphere shape and the Earth-to-Sundistance due to the oppositions of said planets, a regression model that explains the observed long-term evolution of global temperature is built. It was shown that residuals of the model are close to white noise, i.e. the hypothesis almost entirely explains the effect of temperature increase for the period presented in the vernacular crutem3 database.展开更多
Extreme ultraviolet(EUV)source produced by laser-induced discharge plasma(LDP)is a potential technical means in inspection and metrology.A pulsed Nd:YAG laser is focused on a tin plate to produce an initial plasma the...Extreme ultraviolet(EUV)source produced by laser-induced discharge plasma(LDP)is a potential technical means in inspection and metrology.A pulsed Nd:YAG laser is focused on a tin plate to produce an initial plasma thereby triggering a discharge between high-voltage electrodes in a vacuum system.The process of micro-pinch formation during the current rising is recorded by a time-resolved intensified charge couple device camera.The evolution of electron temperature and density of LDP are obtained by optical emission spectrometry.An extreme ultraviolet spectrometer is built up to investigate the EUV spectrum of Sn LDP at 13.5 nm.The laser and discharge parameters such as laser energy,voltage,gap distance,and anode shape can influence the EUV emission.展开更多
Applications of a constitutive framework providing compound complexity analysis and indexing of coarse-grained self-similar time series representing behavioural data are presented. A notion of behavioural entropy and ...Applications of a constitutive framework providing compound complexity analysis and indexing of coarse-grained self-similar time series representing behavioural data are presented. A notion of behavioural entropy and hysteresis is introduced as two different forms of compound measures. These measures provide clinically applicable complexity analysis of behavioural patterns yielding scalar characterisation of time-varying behaviours registered over an extended period of time. The behavioural data are obtained using body attached sensors providing non-invasive readings of heart rate, skin blood perfusion, blood oxygenation, skin temperature, movement and steps frequency. The results using compound measures of behavioural patterns of fifteen healthy individuals are presented. The application of the compound measures is shown to correlate with complexity analysis. The correlation is demonstrated using two healthy subjects compared against a control group. This indicates a possibility to use these measures in place of fractional dimensions to provide a finer characterisation of behavioural patterns observed using sensory data acquired over a long period of time.展开更多
Information on latest early Olenekian(latest Smithian)ammonoids is available apparently from only seven regions of the world,including South Primorye.Latest Smithian evidences on this topic are recorded from the West ...Information on latest early Olenekian(latest Smithian)ammonoids is available apparently from only seven regions of the world,including South Primorye.Latest Smithian evidences on this topic are recorded from the West SMID(abbreviation from the Russian name of the quarry:"Building Materials and Details"),East SMID and Golyj Cape areas in South Primorye.This provides additional information on systematic composition of latest Smithian ammonoid,as well as conodont and brachiopod assemblages from the recently identified Shimanskyites shimanskyi Zone,located between lower Olenekian Anasibirites nevolini Zone and upper Olenekian Tirolites subcassianus Zone.There are many common ammonoid species in the Shimanskyites shimanskyi Zone and the underlying Anasibirites nevolini Zone,e.g.,Prosphingitoides sp.,Arctoceras septentrionale(Diener),Churkites syskoi Zakharov et Shigeta,Submeekoceras?subhhydaspis(Kiparisova),Prionites markevichi Zakharov et Smyshlyaeva,?Anasibirites?simanenkoi Zakharov et Smyshlyaeva,Xenoceltites?subvariocostatus Zakharov et Smyshlyaeva,and Mianwaliites zimini Zakharov et Smyshlyaeva.The base of the Shimanskyites shimanskyi Zone,marked by a negativeδ13Corg excursion in the Kamenushka-2 Section by our previous study,coincides with the FO(first occurrence)of ammonoids Shimanskyites shimanskyi Zakharov et Smyshlyaeva and Glyptophiceras cf.sinuatum(Waagen)and conodont Hindeodella budurovi Buryi.This zone is characterized additionally by some fossils common for the overlying upper Olenekian Tirolites subcassianus Zone:ammonoids of the genus Kamenushkaites,brachiopods Bittnerihyris margaritovi(Bittner)and Lepismatina sp.and conodont?Neogondolella?(=?Borinella)jubata Sweet.The latest Smithian ammonoids recorded from the Shimanskyites shimanskyi Zone totally consist of 30 taxa belonging to 11 families(Sageceratidae,Ussuiriidae,Aspenitidae,Paranannitidae,Arctoceratidae,Proptychitidae,?Galfetitidae,Prionitidae,?Kashmiritidae,Xenoceltitidae and Palaeophyllitidae).The problems of global correlation of uppermost S展开更多
The Kamenushka Formation, exposed in the northern part of South Primorye （Kamennshka-1 and Kamenushka-2 sections）, is one of the few localities in the world with richly fossiliferous Lower-Upper Olenekian sedimentar...The Kamenushka Formation, exposed in the northern part of South Primorye （Kamennshka-1 and Kamenushka-2 sections）, is one of the few localities in the world with richly fossiliferous Lower-Upper Olenekian sedimentary successions. Lower to Middle Triassic ammonoid-, brachiopod- and conodont-bearing silty-clayey deposits of the Kamenushka-1 and Kamenushka-2 sections have been isotope-geochemically investigated in detail. As a result, these sections, together with the previously investigated Abrek Section, exposed in the southern part of South Primorye, provide almost complete ^15Non- and ^13Corg- records for the Lower Triassic of this region. Nine N- isotope intervals and the five negative C-isotope excursions, reflecting, apparently, unstable climatic and hydrological conditions, have been distinguished in the Lower Triassic of South Primorye. On the basis of the new C-isotope data the Mesohedenstroemia bosphorensis Zone （upper part）, Shimanskyites shimanskyi and Neocolumbites insignis zones of South Primorye are correlated now with the Lower Smithian part of the Yinkeng Formation, the Upper Smithian part of the Helongshan Formation and the Middle Spathian part of the Nanlinghu Formation in South China, respectively, as has been observed in the Abrek, Kamenushka-2, West Pingdingshan and Majiashan sections.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40072011)the China National Commission on Stratigraphythe Minis try of Science and Technology,and the Chinese“973 Program”(Grant No.G2000077705).
文摘The Olenekian Stage of the Lower Triassic is named from the Boreal Realm, but the stage has never been properly defined, nor has it been applied in the low-latitude Tethyan Realm, with exception of North Caucasus and Mangyshlak. This paper proposes a stratotype for the In-duan-Olenekian boundary in the low-latitude Tethyan Realm. South China is one of the main regions in the Tethyan Realm with well-developed Lower Triassic sequences and abundant fossils. According to the basic stratigraphic records and various accumulated data, we believe that the West Pingdingshan Section in Chaohu, Anhui Province is one of the best sequences to define the Induan-Olenekian boundary. The first appearance datum (FAD) of conodont Neospathodus waageni is the preferred index to define the boundary. This datum lies 26 cm below the FAD of the ammonoids Flemingites and Euflemingites, and is located slightly prior to the top of the second Triassic normal magnetozone, and the peak of the first Triassic positive excursion of carbon isotope σ13C.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52072345,U21A20328,22103047,and 12174348)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021T140621)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(No.222300420077)Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists(No.GZS201903)support from Strategic Priority Research Program(B)(No.XDB33030200)of Chinese Academy of Sciencesperformed at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials,which is a US DOE Office of Science Facility,at Brookhaven National Laboratory under Contract No.DESC0012704.
文摘Thermal treatment is a general and efficient way to synthesize intermetallic catalysts and may involve complicated physical processes.So far,the mechanisms leading to the size and composition heterogeneity,as well as the phase segregation behavior in Pt-Co nanoparticles(NPs)are still not well understood.Via in-situ environmental transmission electron microscopy,the formation dynamics and segregation behaviors of Pt-Co alloyed NPs during the thermal treatment were investigated.It is found that Pt-Co NPs on zeolitic imidazolate frameworks-67-derived nanocarbon(NC)are formed consecutively through both particle migration coalescence and the Ostwald ripening process.The existence of Pt NPs is found to affect the movement of Co NPs during their migration.With the help of theoretical calculations,the correlations between the composition and migration of the Pt and Co during the ripening process were uncovered.These complex alloying processes are revealed as key factors leading to the heterogeneity of the synthesized Pt-Co alloyed NPs.Under oxidation environment,the Pt-Co NPs become surface faceted gradually,which can be attributed to the oxygen facilitated relatively higher segregation rate of Co from the(111)surface.This work advances the fundamental understanding of design,synthesis,and durability of the Pt-based nanocatalysts.
基金performed within the framework of State Assignment from the Ministry of Education and Science of Russian Federation (topic Spin, No. 122021000036-3 and topic Magnet, No. 122021000034-9)partially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project No. 2042-660018)。
文摘Flexible spin valves were prepared by magnetron sputtering on polyimide substrates. The buffer layer that reduces significantly the effect of the polymer substrate on the spin valve microstructure and magnetoresistive properties was revealed. Bending deformation was applied to the microobjects based on the flexible spin valves in parallel to anisotropy axes. It was revealed that during the bend the magnetoresistance changes due to the joint impact of both the change of the magnetic field projection on the film plane and the change of the magnetic properties of the ferromagnetic layers. The obtained dependences have been used in construction of bending sensor, in which the flexible spin valve microstripes were united into the Wheatstone bridge.
文摘本文研究了无限深流体中非线性定常表面波的稳定性(Lamb 1964,Moiseev 1960).在第1节中,将带有自由表面的理想流体动力学方程转换为有关正则变量的方程:以正则变量来表示波形和表面速度势函数.通过引入正则变量,可以将表面波的稳定性问题视为色散介质中非线性波这一更具普遍性问题的一部分(Akhmanov 1964,Zakharov 1965).本文其余部分的结果也适用于一般情况.在第2节中,使用与van der Pohl类似的方法,得到了一个用于描述小振幅近似下的非线性波的简化方程.如果假设波包很窄,方程将特别简单.该方程具有精确解,该解近似于一个有限振幅的周期波.在第3节中,研究了有限振幅周期波的不稳定性,发现了两类不稳定性.第一类不稳定性是破坏不稳定性,类似于等离子体中波的破坏不稳定性(Oraevskii&Sagdeev 1963,Oraevskii 1964).在该类不稳定性中,一对波被同时激发,其频率之和是原始波频率的整数倍.对于毛细波,破坏不稳定产生得最快;而对于重力波,破坏不稳定产生得最慢.第二类不稳定性是负压类型的不稳定性,它是由于非线性波的波速依赖于振幅而产生的,这导致波的调制率被无限放大.当非线性波通过色散介质时,如果色散关系对波数的二阶导数的符号与因非线性效应导致频率漂移的符号不同,则会产生此类不稳定性.正如Litvak A N和Talanov V I(1967)所提到的那样,这类不稳定性已经在非线性电磁波中被独立发现.
文摘Laser-induced discharge plasmas(LDPs) have the potential to be inspection and metrology sources in extreme ultraviolet(EUV) lithography. An LDP EUV source was developed to avoid tin electrode erosion in which a tin pool was used as a cathode. A CO2 pulse laser was focused on the liquid tin target surface, and then a breakdown occurred in a very short time. The voltage-current characteristics of the discharge oscillated, lasting for several microseconds, and an RLC fitting model was used to obtain the inductance and resistance. An intensified chargecoupled device(ICCD) camera was used to investigate the dynamics of LDP, which can explain the formation of a discharge channel. The EUV spectra of laser-induced liquid tin discharge plasma were detected by a grazing incident ultraviolet spectrometer, compared with a laser-produced tin droplet plasma EUV spectrum. To explain the EUV spectrum difference of laser-induced liquid tin discharge plasma and laser-produced tin droplet plasma,the collision radiation(CR) model combined with COWAN code was used to fit the experimental EUV spectrum, which can estimate the electron temperature and density of the plasma.
基金Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad(MINECO)(FIS2013-44174-P,FIS2015-71933-REDT,MAT2016-75716-C2-1-R(AEI/FEDER,UE),TEC2014-55948-R)Agència de Gestiód’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca(AGAUR)(2017SGR755)+1 种基金Consejería de Educación,Junta de Castilla y León(SA046U16,UIC016)Generalitat de Catalunya(2016FI_B00844,2017FI_B100158,2018FI_B2 00123)
文摘Surface channel waveguides(WGs) were fabricated in a monoclinic Tm^(3+):KLu(WO_4)_2 crystal by femtosecond direct laser writing(fs-DLW). The WGs consisted of a half-ring cladding with diameters of 50 and 60 μm located just beneath the crystal surface. They were characterized by confocal laser microscopy and μ-Raman spectroscopy,indicating a reduced crystallinity and stress-induced birefringence of the WG cladding. In continuous-wave(CW)mode, under Ti:sapphire laser pumping at 802 nm, the maximum output power reached 171.1 mW at 1847.4 nm,corresponding to a slope efficiency η of 37.8% for the 60 μm diameter WG. The WG propagation loss was0.7 0.3 d B∕cm. The top surface of the WGs was spin-coated by a polymethyl methacrylate film containing randomly oriented(spaghetti-like) arc-discharge single-walled carbon nanotubes serving as a saturable absorber based on evanescent field coupling. Stable passively Q-switched(PQS) operation was achieved. The PQS60 μm diameter WG laser generated a record output power of 150 m W at 1846.8 nm with η = 34.6%. The conversion efficiency with respect to the CW mode was 87.6%. The best pulse characteristics(energy/duration)were 105.6 nJ/98 ns at a repetition rate of 1.42 MHz.
文摘To show paleontological characteristics of the Olenekian-Anislan boundary beds in the Russian Far East, a review of new data on the Upper Olenekian and Lower Anisian biostratigraphy of South Primorye is given on the basis of five sections： Golyi Cape, Petrovka River, Zhitkov Peninsula, Tchernyschew Bay and Atlasov Cape, using new ammonoid, brachiopod and conodont findings. The most representative ammonoid assemblage at the base of the Anisian was discovered in the Ussuriphyllites amurensis Zone （10.6 m thick） of the Atlasov Cape Section： Parasageceras sp. nov., Prionitidae gen. et sp. nov. , Ussuriphyllites amurensis （Kiparisova） （dominant）, Megaphyllites atlasoviensis Zakharov, Leiophyllites praematurus Kiparisova, Leiophyllites sp. , Ussurites sp. , Paradanubites sp. indet., Paracrochordiceras sp. nov., Prohungarites popowi Kiparisova, Arctohungarites primoriensis Zakharov, A. solimani （Toula）, Salterites sp. indet. （gigantic shell）, and Tropigastrites sublachontanus Zakharov. Conodonts Neospathodus cf. homeri （Bender） were found in the lower part of the Ussuriphyllites amurensis Zone of the Atlasov Cape. The Atlasov Cape seems to be one of the very promising sections of the Russian Far East for detailed investigation of the Olenekian-Anisian boundary.
文摘The effects associated with the displacement of the center of gravity of the solar system under the influence of giant planets (Jupiter and Saturn) are discussed. Based on the hypothesis of parametric resonance in the variation of global temperature with disturbances in the photosphere shape and the Earth-to-Sundistance due to the oppositions of said planets, a regression model that explains the observed long-term evolution of global temperature is built. It was shown that residuals of the model are close to white noise, i.e. the hypothesis almost entirely explains the effect of temperature increase for the period presented in the vernacular crutem3 database.
基金Project supported by the Basic and Applied Basic Research Major Program of Guangdong Province,China(Grant No.2019B030302003).
文摘Extreme ultraviolet(EUV)source produced by laser-induced discharge plasma(LDP)is a potential technical means in inspection and metrology.A pulsed Nd:YAG laser is focused on a tin plate to produce an initial plasma thereby triggering a discharge between high-voltage electrodes in a vacuum system.The process of micro-pinch formation during the current rising is recorded by a time-resolved intensified charge couple device camera.The evolution of electron temperature and density of LDP are obtained by optical emission spectrometry.An extreme ultraviolet spectrometer is built up to investigate the EUV spectrum of Sn LDP at 13.5 nm.The laser and discharge parameters such as laser energy,voltage,gap distance,and anode shape can influence the EUV emission.
文摘Applications of a constitutive framework providing compound complexity analysis and indexing of coarse-grained self-similar time series representing behavioural data are presented. A notion of behavioural entropy and hysteresis is introduced as two different forms of compound measures. These measures provide clinically applicable complexity analysis of behavioural patterns yielding scalar characterisation of time-varying behaviours registered over an extended period of time. The behavioural data are obtained using body attached sensors providing non-invasive readings of heart rate, skin blood perfusion, blood oxygenation, skin temperature, movement and steps frequency. The results using compound measures of behavioural patterns of fifteen healthy individuals are presented. The application of the compound measures is shown to correlate with complexity analysis. The correlation is demonstrated using two healthy subjects compared against a control group. This indicates a possibility to use these measures in place of fractional dimensions to provide a finer characterisation of behavioural patterns observed using sensory data acquired over a long period of time.
基金the financial support of Russian FBR(No.18-05-00023A)。
文摘Information on latest early Olenekian(latest Smithian)ammonoids is available apparently from only seven regions of the world,including South Primorye.Latest Smithian evidences on this topic are recorded from the West SMID(abbreviation from the Russian name of the quarry:"Building Materials and Details"),East SMID and Golyj Cape areas in South Primorye.This provides additional information on systematic composition of latest Smithian ammonoid,as well as conodont and brachiopod assemblages from the recently identified Shimanskyites shimanskyi Zone,located between lower Olenekian Anasibirites nevolini Zone and upper Olenekian Tirolites subcassianus Zone.There are many common ammonoid species in the Shimanskyites shimanskyi Zone and the underlying Anasibirites nevolini Zone,e.g.,Prosphingitoides sp.,Arctoceras septentrionale(Diener),Churkites syskoi Zakharov et Shigeta,Submeekoceras?subhhydaspis(Kiparisova),Prionites markevichi Zakharov et Smyshlyaeva,?Anasibirites?simanenkoi Zakharov et Smyshlyaeva,Xenoceltites?subvariocostatus Zakharov et Smyshlyaeva,and Mianwaliites zimini Zakharov et Smyshlyaeva.The base of the Shimanskyites shimanskyi Zone,marked by a negativeδ13Corg excursion in the Kamenushka-2 Section by our previous study,coincides with the FO(first occurrence)of ammonoids Shimanskyites shimanskyi Zakharov et Smyshlyaeva and Glyptophiceras cf.sinuatum(Waagen)and conodont Hindeodella budurovi Buryi.This zone is characterized additionally by some fossils common for the overlying upper Olenekian Tirolites subcassianus Zone:ammonoids of the genus Kamenushkaites,brachiopods Bittnerihyris margaritovi(Bittner)and Lepismatina sp.and conodont?Neogondolella?(=?Borinella)jubata Sweet.The latest Smithian ammonoids recorded from the Shimanskyites shimanskyi Zone totally consist of 30 taxa belonging to 11 families(Sageceratidae,Ussuiriidae,Aspenitidae,Paranannitidae,Arctoceratidae,Proptychitidae,?Galfetitidae,Prionitidae,?Kashmiritidae,Xenoceltitidae and Palaeophyllitidae).The problems of global correlation of uppermost S
文摘The Kamenushka Formation, exposed in the northern part of South Primorye （Kamennshka-1 and Kamenushka-2 sections）, is one of the few localities in the world with richly fossiliferous Lower-Upper Olenekian sedimentary successions. Lower to Middle Triassic ammonoid-, brachiopod- and conodont-bearing silty-clayey deposits of the Kamenushka-1 and Kamenushka-2 sections have been isotope-geochemically investigated in detail. As a result, these sections, together with the previously investigated Abrek Section, exposed in the southern part of South Primorye, provide almost complete ^15Non- and ^13Corg- records for the Lower Triassic of this region. Nine N- isotope intervals and the five negative C-isotope excursions, reflecting, apparently, unstable climatic and hydrological conditions, have been distinguished in the Lower Triassic of South Primorye. On the basis of the new C-isotope data the Mesohedenstroemia bosphorensis Zone （upper part）, Shimanskyites shimanskyi and Neocolumbites insignis zones of South Primorye are correlated now with the Lower Smithian part of the Yinkeng Formation, the Upper Smithian part of the Helongshan Formation and the Middle Spathian part of the Nanlinghu Formation in South China, respectively, as has been observed in the Abrek, Kamenushka-2, West Pingdingshan and Majiashan sections.
