In terms of technical approach,holistic poetics takes the Lord-Foley oral-formulaic theory as the main line,and partially absorbs the concepts,tools and models of"ethnopoetics"and"performance theory&quo...In terms of technical approach,holistic poetics takes the Lord-Foley oral-formulaic theory as the main line,and partially absorbs the concepts,tools and models of"ethnopoetics"and"performance theory";in methodological terms,it borrows Smuts'concept of"holism"to grasp the whole picture and characteristics of oral literature from the holistic point of view,while at the same time endeavoring to combine the analytical method with the holistic one;and in terms of world view,it starts with historical materialism as the basis for understanding and analyzing the internal and external laws of oral literature.While emphasizing the synchronic method and paying attention to the relationship and interaction between different factors,holistic poetics introduces the dimension of historical development,thus presenting the artistic features and social functions of oral literature from multiple aspects.Compared with the written word and the Internet,"orality"is an information skill that has a long history but always remains new.As it has been dominant for a long time,it is a reasonable starting point for the"holistic view."展开更多
Changes in international and diplomatic perspectives and concepts remain an open question in studies of the history of the PRC’s foreign relations.In the first 30 years after the founding of the PRC in 1949,Chinese d...Changes in international and diplomatic perspectives and concepts remain an open question in studies of the history of the PRC’s foreign relations.In the first 30 years after the founding of the PRC in 1949,Chinese diplomacy was strongly influenced by foreign relations concepts formed during the revolution.Its basic demand was for the establishment of a new type of foreign relations in which independence,autonomy and peace were the core concepts and the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence were the cornerstone of foreign policy.In addition,the international united front strategy,real-world strategic divisions,and considerations of war,peace and revolution had a significant effect on Chinese foreign policy during this period.Since reform and opening up to the outside world in the late 1970s,Chinese diplomacy has adopted a development-oriented perspective involving a series of strategic and policy adjustments that conform to the demands of the central task of national economic construction.Peace and development have been reassessed in the light of the international situation,and the earlier foreign policy of independence,autonomy and peace has been reinterpreted.Chinese foreign policy is committed to the establishment of balanced foreign relations and the incremental reform of the international order,and it resolutely adheres to the path of peaceful development;this has made it a participant and builder of the existing international order.With the advent of the 21st century,China has attracted international attention as a newly emerging major power,and its philosophy of foreign relations,while carrying on the legacy of the past,also advances with the times.China stresses that the contemporary world is a community of shared future,and seeks cooperation and win-win relations with all countries.展开更多
Metaphysics or the knowledge of knowledge itself is one of the main threads in the history of philosophy.Metaphysics is distinguished from“adding word”philosophy in that the latter is knowledge related to what the a...Metaphysics or the knowledge of knowledge itself is one of the main threads in the history of philosophy.Metaphysics is distinguished from“adding word”philosophy in that the latter is knowledge related to what the added words express.The essence of the distinction here is that metaphysics deals with what is a priori,while the study of adding word philosophies is empirical.Metaphysical inquiry always revolves around sentences,for knowledge is expressed in language,and sentences are the basic unit for the expression of knowledge.Sentences involve three aspects:at the linguistic level,the basic sentence pattern is“S is P”;at the level of sense,it is what language expresses;and at the reference level,the core concept is“truth.”Metaphysical inquiry always revolves around“being”and“truth,”and concerns the three levels above.The third level in particular reveals the conditions for the truth of a sentence,and helps explain the first two levels.We need to grasp the essence and characteristics of metaphysics and develop the study of metaphysics as a means of advancing philosophical research。展开更多
On the basis of an analysis of data from the Chinese Social Survey(CSS)2015,and with male social participation as the reference,we undertook an empirical study of Chinese women’s current social participation and the ...On the basis of an analysis of data from the Chinese Social Survey(CSS)2015,and with male social participation as the reference,we undertook an empirical study of Chinese women’s current social participation and the factors affecting it along the two dimensions of“marriage and family life”and“employment and income status,”as well as the basic characteristics of individuals.Our findings show that in general women display a lower level of social participation than men.In terms of type of social participation,women are more likely to take part in policy-supported activities or serve as volunteers for public interest activities but less likely to participate in the activities of particular“action organizations”or the expression of opinion.Women’s social participation is affected by many factors,including basic individual characteristics,marital status and family life,and employment and income status.A further gender comparison finds that female social participation tends to be more affected by marriage and family life,whereas male social participation is more closely related to employment and income status.We conclude that although more Chinese women have stepped out of the bonds of“home and family,”their social participation“outside the family”is family-bound in a way that is quite different that of men.Hence if we are to pursue gender equality at the level of social participation,it remains necessary to give women greater assurances in terms of marriage and family life by encouraging the realization of their self-worth and facilitating their social development,so as to coordinate and alleviate the double pressures of family and work,thus making women’s social participation an important force and enhancing their all-round development.展开更多
In investigating gender roles,a number of Asian scholars from the Confucian-sphere see the basic categories of public and private,which originated in ancient Greece and flourished after the Industrial Revolution,as le...In investigating gender roles,a number of Asian scholars from the Confucian-sphere see the basic categories of public and private,which originated in ancient Greece and flourished after the Industrial Revolution,as less appropriate than nei-wai内外(inner/outer)for examining gender systems in China and elsewhere in East Asia.1 Given that ancient China was permeated by Confucian culture,any discussion of nei-wai and gender in those times must refer to the concepts of jia-guo yiti家国一体(the identity of family and the state)and jia-guo tonggou家国同构(isomorphism of family and the state),both frequently used by academics at home and abroad to express the relationship between the family and the state.In the case of sociology,for example,the concepts jia-guo yiti and jia-guo tonggou have been broadly understood as follows.2(1)The two concepts are interchangeable in most cases;(2)Through an analogy between filial piety and loyalty to the sovereign,familial filial piety developed into a governance principle universally applied to every family and to the whole country;(3)The hierarchal implications of the“three cardinal guides”(san gang)were underplayed,with emphasis placed on normative two-way ethics based on tenderness and affection;and(4)The traditional concept of jia-guo(family and state)has been adopted by gender researchers,who point to the replication and development of the idea of the mutual dependence of family and state during the planned economy and the subsequent public-private integration and embedment of economic and demographic reproduction;state and family;and male and female.展开更多
Marx’s profound analysis of such social signs as commodity,money,and capital shows that inversion and negation are universal and rule-governed social signs and that social signs attain historical characteristics in c...Marx’s profound analysis of such social signs as commodity,money,and capital shows that inversion and negation are universal and rule-governed social signs and that social signs attain historical characteristics in certain social formations.The basic contradiction arising from human practice,i.e.,their contradictory movement of objectification and nonobjectification,is determined by the dialectical nature of practice,that is,by the relationship of negativity as a medium,and is the concrete expression of the dialectics of negativity in signs.The critique of social semiotics from the perspective of historical materialism is based on practice and reality,and points to the future;it is revolutionary and constructive.At present,the scientific construction of social semiotics can not only promote the development of semiotics,but can also be an important step in deepening historical materialism.展开更多
文摘In terms of technical approach,holistic poetics takes the Lord-Foley oral-formulaic theory as the main line,and partially absorbs the concepts,tools and models of"ethnopoetics"and"performance theory";in methodological terms,it borrows Smuts'concept of"holism"to grasp the whole picture and characteristics of oral literature from the holistic point of view,while at the same time endeavoring to combine the analytical method with the holistic one;and in terms of world view,it starts with historical materialism as the basis for understanding and analyzing the internal and external laws of oral literature.While emphasizing the synchronic method and paying attention to the relationship and interaction between different factors,holistic poetics introduces the dimension of historical development,thus presenting the artistic features and social functions of oral literature from multiple aspects.Compared with the written word and the Internet,"orality"is an information skill that has a long history but always remains new.As it has been dominant for a long time,it is a reasonable starting point for the"holistic view."
文摘Changes in international and diplomatic perspectives and concepts remain an open question in studies of the history of the PRC’s foreign relations.In the first 30 years after the founding of the PRC in 1949,Chinese diplomacy was strongly influenced by foreign relations concepts formed during the revolution.Its basic demand was for the establishment of a new type of foreign relations in which independence,autonomy and peace were the core concepts and the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence were the cornerstone of foreign policy.In addition,the international united front strategy,real-world strategic divisions,and considerations of war,peace and revolution had a significant effect on Chinese foreign policy during this period.Since reform and opening up to the outside world in the late 1970s,Chinese diplomacy has adopted a development-oriented perspective involving a series of strategic and policy adjustments that conform to the demands of the central task of national economic construction.Peace and development have been reassessed in the light of the international situation,and the earlier foreign policy of independence,autonomy and peace has been reinterpreted.Chinese foreign policy is committed to the establishment of balanced foreign relations and the incremental reform of the international order,and it resolutely adheres to the path of peaceful development;this has made it a participant and builder of the existing international order.With the advent of the 21st century,China has attracted international attention as a newly emerging major power,and its philosophy of foreign relations,while carrying on the legacy of the past,also advances with the times.China stresses that the contemporary world is a community of shared future,and seeks cooperation and win-win relations with all countries.
文摘Metaphysics or the knowledge of knowledge itself is one of the main threads in the history of philosophy.Metaphysics is distinguished from“adding word”philosophy in that the latter is knowledge related to what the added words express.The essence of the distinction here is that metaphysics deals with what is a priori,while the study of adding word philosophies is empirical.Metaphysical inquiry always revolves around sentences,for knowledge is expressed in language,and sentences are the basic unit for the expression of knowledge.Sentences involve three aspects:at the linguistic level,the basic sentence pattern is“S is P”;at the level of sense,it is what language expresses;and at the reference level,the core concept is“truth.”Metaphysical inquiry always revolves around“being”and“truth,”and concerns the three levels above.The third level in particular reveals the conditions for the truth of a sentence,and helps explain the first two levels.We need to grasp the essence and characteristics of metaphysics and develop the study of metaphysics as a means of advancing philosophical research。
文摘On the basis of an analysis of data from the Chinese Social Survey(CSS)2015,and with male social participation as the reference,we undertook an empirical study of Chinese women’s current social participation and the factors affecting it along the two dimensions of“marriage and family life”and“employment and income status,”as well as the basic characteristics of individuals.Our findings show that in general women display a lower level of social participation than men.In terms of type of social participation,women are more likely to take part in policy-supported activities or serve as volunteers for public interest activities but less likely to participate in the activities of particular“action organizations”or the expression of opinion.Women’s social participation is affected by many factors,including basic individual characteristics,marital status and family life,and employment and income status.A further gender comparison finds that female social participation tends to be more affected by marriage and family life,whereas male social participation is more closely related to employment and income status.We conclude that although more Chinese women have stepped out of the bonds of“home and family,”their social participation“outside the family”is family-bound in a way that is quite different that of men.Hence if we are to pursue gender equality at the level of social participation,it remains necessary to give women greater assurances in terms of marriage and family life by encouraging the realization of their self-worth and facilitating their social development,so as to coordinate and alleviate the double pressures of family and work,thus making women’s social participation an important force and enhancing their all-round development.
文摘In investigating gender roles,a number of Asian scholars from the Confucian-sphere see the basic categories of public and private,which originated in ancient Greece and flourished after the Industrial Revolution,as less appropriate than nei-wai内外(inner/outer)for examining gender systems in China and elsewhere in East Asia.1 Given that ancient China was permeated by Confucian culture,any discussion of nei-wai and gender in those times must refer to the concepts of jia-guo yiti家国一体(the identity of family and the state)and jia-guo tonggou家国同构(isomorphism of family and the state),both frequently used by academics at home and abroad to express the relationship between the family and the state.In the case of sociology,for example,the concepts jia-guo yiti and jia-guo tonggou have been broadly understood as follows.2(1)The two concepts are interchangeable in most cases;(2)Through an analogy between filial piety and loyalty to the sovereign,familial filial piety developed into a governance principle universally applied to every family and to the whole country;(3)The hierarchal implications of the“three cardinal guides”(san gang)were underplayed,with emphasis placed on normative two-way ethics based on tenderness and affection;and(4)The traditional concept of jia-guo(family and state)has been adopted by gender researchers,who point to the replication and development of the idea of the mutual dependence of family and state during the planned economy and the subsequent public-private integration and embedment of economic and demographic reproduction;state and family;and male and female.
文摘Marx’s profound analysis of such social signs as commodity,money,and capital shows that inversion and negation are universal and rule-governed social signs and that social signs attain historical characteristics in certain social formations.The basic contradiction arising from human practice,i.e.,their contradictory movement of objectification and nonobjectification,is determined by the dialectical nature of practice,that is,by the relationship of negativity as a medium,and is the concrete expression of the dialectics of negativity in signs.The critique of social semiotics from the perspective of historical materialism is based on practice and reality,and points to the future;it is revolutionary and constructive.At present,the scientific construction of social semiotics can not only promote the development of semiotics,but can also be an important step in deepening historical materialism.
