BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma, the most common primary brain tumor in adults, is us ually rapidly fatal. The current standard of care for newly diagnosed glioblasto ma is surgical resection to the extent feasible, followed...BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma, the most common primary brain tumor in adults, is us ually rapidly fatal. The current standard of care for newly diagnosed glioblasto ma is surgical resection to the extent feasible, followed by adjuvant radiotherapy. In this trial we compared radiotherapy alone with radiotherapy p lus temozolomide, given concomitantly with and after radiotherapy, in terms of e fficacy and safety. METHODS: Patients with newly diagnosed, histologically confi rmed glioblastoma were randomly assigned to receive radiotherapy alone (fraction ated focal irradiation in daily fractions of 2 Gy given 5 days per week for 6 we eks, for a total of 60 Gy) or radiotherapy plus continuous daily temozolomide (7 5 mg per square meter of body-surface area per day, 7 days per week from the fi rst to the last day of radiotherapy), followed by six cycles of adjuvant temozol omide (150 to 200 mg per square meter for 5 days during each 28-day cycle). The primary end point was overall survival. RESULTS: A total of 573 patients from 8 5 centers underwent randomization. The median age was 56 years, and 84 percent o f patients had undergone debulking surgery. At a median follow-up of 28 months, the median survival was 14.6 months with radiotherapy plus temozolomide and 12. 1 months with radiotherapy alone. The unadjusted hazard ratio for death in the r adiotherapy-plus-temozolomide group was 0.63 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.52 to 0.75; P < 0.001 by the log-rank test). The two-year survival rate was 26.5 percent with radiotherapy plus temozolomide and 10.4 percent with radiother apy alone. Concomitant treatment with radiotherapy plus temozolomide resulted in grade 3 or 4 hematologie toxic effects in 7 percent of patients. CONCLUSIONS: T he addition of temozolomide to radiotherapy for newly diagnosed glioblastoma res ulted in a clinically meaningful and statistically significant survival benefit with minimal additional toxicity.展开更多
在温室生长的条件下,以一年生中国矮樱桃品种‘莱阳’幼苗(Prunus pseudocerasus L. cv. Laiyang)为试材,研究了中国矮樱桃叶片生长和光合作用对不同光照环境(100%、70%、48%、30%、11%)的适应性调节。结果表明,随着光照强度减弱,樱桃...在温室生长的条件下,以一年生中国矮樱桃品种‘莱阳’幼苗(Prunus pseudocerasus L. cv. Laiyang)为试材,研究了中国矮樱桃叶片生长和光合作用对不同光照环境(100%、70%、48%、30%、11%)的适应性调节。结果表明,随着光照强度减弱,樱桃叶面积变大,比叶重下降,叶片变薄,栅栏组织与海绵组织的比值上升。弱光处理还降低了樱桃叶片净光合速率、叶片光饱和点和光补偿点、叶绿素a/b比值,同时提高了叶片可溶性蛋白和叶绿素含量。展开更多
A cross-sectional prevalence study of Parkinson’s disease in China was under taken in 1997-98. We assessed 29454 residents aged ≥55 years from 79 rural and 58 urbancommunities in Beijing, Xi’an, and Shanghai, who w...A cross-sectional prevalence study of Parkinson’s disease in China was under taken in 1997-98. We assessed 29454 residents aged ≥55 years from 79 rural and 58 urbancommunities in Beijing, Xi’an, and Shanghai, who were selected through stratified, multistage, cluster sampling.With a standardised diagnostic protoco l, we identified 277 people with the disease. Prevalence of Parkinson’s disease for those aged ≥65 years was 1.7%(95%CI 1.5-1.9). We estimate that 1.7 million people in China have the disease (aged ≥55 years). Our findings suggest that prevalence of Parkinson’s disease in Ch ina is similar to that in developed countries.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma, the most common primary brain tumor in adults, is us ually rapidly fatal. The current standard of care for newly diagnosed glioblasto ma is surgical resection to the extent feasible, followed by adjuvant radiotherapy. In this trial we compared radiotherapy alone with radiotherapy p lus temozolomide, given concomitantly with and after radiotherapy, in terms of e fficacy and safety. METHODS: Patients with newly diagnosed, histologically confi rmed glioblastoma were randomly assigned to receive radiotherapy alone (fraction ated focal irradiation in daily fractions of 2 Gy given 5 days per week for 6 we eks, for a total of 60 Gy) or radiotherapy plus continuous daily temozolomide (7 5 mg per square meter of body-surface area per day, 7 days per week from the fi rst to the last day of radiotherapy), followed by six cycles of adjuvant temozol omide (150 to 200 mg per square meter for 5 days during each 28-day cycle). The primary end point was overall survival. RESULTS: A total of 573 patients from 8 5 centers underwent randomization. The median age was 56 years, and 84 percent o f patients had undergone debulking surgery. At a median follow-up of 28 months, the median survival was 14.6 months with radiotherapy plus temozolomide and 12. 1 months with radiotherapy alone. The unadjusted hazard ratio for death in the r adiotherapy-plus-temozolomide group was 0.63 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.52 to 0.75; P < 0.001 by the log-rank test). The two-year survival rate was 26.5 percent with radiotherapy plus temozolomide and 10.4 percent with radiother apy alone. Concomitant treatment with radiotherapy plus temozolomide resulted in grade 3 or 4 hematologie toxic effects in 7 percent of patients. CONCLUSIONS: T he addition of temozolomide to radiotherapy for newly diagnosed glioblastoma res ulted in a clinically meaningful and statistically significant survival benefit with minimal additional toxicity.
文摘在温室生长的条件下,以一年生中国矮樱桃品种‘莱阳’幼苗(Prunus pseudocerasus L. cv. Laiyang)为试材,研究了中国矮樱桃叶片生长和光合作用对不同光照环境(100%、70%、48%、30%、11%)的适应性调节。结果表明,随着光照强度减弱,樱桃叶面积变大,比叶重下降,叶片变薄,栅栏组织与海绵组织的比值上升。弱光处理还降低了樱桃叶片净光合速率、叶片光饱和点和光补偿点、叶绿素a/b比值,同时提高了叶片可溶性蛋白和叶绿素含量。
文摘A cross-sectional prevalence study of Parkinson’s disease in China was under taken in 1997-98. We assessed 29454 residents aged ≥55 years from 79 rural and 58 urbancommunities in Beijing, Xi’an, and Shanghai, who were selected through stratified, multistage, cluster sampling.With a standardised diagnostic protoco l, we identified 277 people with the disease. Prevalence of Parkinson’s disease for those aged ≥65 years was 1.7%(95%CI 1.5-1.9). We estimate that 1.7 million people in China have the disease (aged ≥55 years). Our findings suggest that prevalence of Parkinson’s disease in Ch ina is similar to that in developed countries.
