随着信息化和云化技术的发展,光传送网络(optical transport network,OTN)承载业务动态性逐步增强。光业务单元(optical service unit,OSU)作为下一代的OTN交换技术,要为高品质的企业专线和精品家庭宽带业务提供组网专线和入云专线服务...随着信息化和云化技术的发展,光传送网络(optical transport network,OTN)承载业务动态性逐步增强。光业务单元(optical service unit,OSU)作为下一代的OTN交换技术,要为高品质的企业专线和精品家庭宽带业务提供组网专线和入云专线服务。基于OSU的OTN需要能够通过端到端的管控能力,提供一体化服务及自动化快速业务开通,支持业务一跳入云。首先介绍了OSU技术产生背景、技术特征及标准化进展情况;然后提出了面向OSU-OTN的业务感知控制框架,满足政企专线高效承载的需求;最后对接入型OSU-OTN控制器系统端到端管控能力进行了实验验证。展开更多
The impact of ultrasonic power density on changes of heavy metals during sludge sonication was inves-tigated. Results showed that ultrasound could release heavy metals from sludge into the supernatant. There existed a...The impact of ultrasonic power density on changes of heavy metals during sludge sonication was inves-tigated. Results showed that ultrasound could release heavy metals from sludge into the supernatant. There existed an effective power density range of 0.8-1.6 W·ml?1 for the release of the total heavy metal; there was little release below 0.8 W·ml?1 and too high power density was adverse to the release. Furthermore, sonication showed selective release of heavy metal from sludge to the supernatant; copper, cadmium and lead were not released by sonication, while arsenic and nickel were released easily and their release ratio could reach 40%. The effective energy range for each heavy metal was also different that 0.8-1.2 W·ml?1 for arsenic, 0.5-1.6 W·ml?1 for nickel, and 0.8-1.6 W·ml?1 for mercury and chrome. The differences among heavy metal release during sonication might be explained by the different distribution of chemical fractions of each metal in sludge. Such selectivity could be used to control heavy metal release during sludge treatment.展开更多
文摘随着信息化和云化技术的发展,光传送网络(optical transport network,OTN)承载业务动态性逐步增强。光业务单元(optical service unit,OSU)作为下一代的OTN交换技术,要为高品质的企业专线和精品家庭宽带业务提供组网专线和入云专线服务。基于OSU的OTN需要能够通过端到端的管控能力,提供一体化服务及自动化快速业务开通,支持业务一跳入云。首先介绍了OSU技术产生背景、技术特征及标准化进展情况;然后提出了面向OSU-OTN的业务感知控制框架,满足政企专线高效承载的需求;最后对接入型OSU-OTN控制器系统端到端管控能力进行了实验验证。
基金Supported by the Basic Research Funds in Renmin University of China from the center government(12XNL101)
文摘The impact of ultrasonic power density on changes of heavy metals during sludge sonication was inves-tigated. Results showed that ultrasound could release heavy metals from sludge into the supernatant. There existed an effective power density range of 0.8-1.6 W·ml?1 for the release of the total heavy metal; there was little release below 0.8 W·ml?1 and too high power density was adverse to the release. Furthermore, sonication showed selective release of heavy metal from sludge to the supernatant; copper, cadmium and lead were not released by sonication, while arsenic and nickel were released easily and their release ratio could reach 40%. The effective energy range for each heavy metal was also different that 0.8-1.2 W·ml?1 for arsenic, 0.5-1.6 W·ml?1 for nickel, and 0.8-1.6 W·ml?1 for mercury and chrome. The differences among heavy metal release during sonication might be explained by the different distribution of chemical fractions of each metal in sludge. Such selectivity could be used to control heavy metal release during sludge treatment.
