Silicon-based material is one of the most promising substitutes of widely used graphite anodes for the next generation Li-ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity,low working potential,environmental friendli...Silicon-based material is one of the most promising substitutes of widely used graphite anodes for the next generation Li-ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity,low working potential,environmental friendliness,and abundant natural resource.However,the huge volume expansion and serious interfacial side reactions during lithiation and delithiation progresses of the silicon anode are the key issues which impede their further practical applications.Rational designs of silicon nanostructures are effective ways to address these problems.In this progress report,we firstly highlight the fundamental scientific problems,and then focus on recent progresses in design,preparation,in-situ characterization methods and failure mechanism of nanostructured silicon anode for high capacity lithium battery.We also summarize the key lessons from the successes so far and offer perspectives and future challenges to promote the applications of silicon anode in practical lithium batteries.展开更多
合成了蜂窝状的分级多孔碳,并以多孔碳为载体通过浸渍-化学还原法制备碳载镍(Ni/C)作为催化氨硼烷水解制氢的催化剂。采用XRD、BET、SEM、Raman、TEM等手段对样品进行了表征并研究了Ni/C室温催化性能。结果显示,多孔碳比表面积高达737 m...合成了蜂窝状的分级多孔碳,并以多孔碳为载体通过浸渍-化学还原法制备碳载镍(Ni/C)作为催化氨硼烷水解制氢的催化剂。采用XRD、BET、SEM、Raman、TEM等手段对样品进行了表征并研究了Ni/C室温催化性能。结果显示,多孔碳比表面积高达737 m2·g-1,具有部分石墨化结构;负载的非晶态镍纳米颗粒平均粒径约为10 nm,均匀分布在碳基材。碳载镍对氨硼烷水解反应具有良好的催化活性,镍负载量为30wt%时催化性能最佳,298 K温度下放氢速率达到1 304.67 m L·min-1·g-1,活化能为29.1 k J·mol-1,并且具备一定的催化稳定性,表明Ni/C可作为一种廉价高效的催化剂应用于催化氨硼烷水解制氢。展开更多
高比能、长寿命锂离子电池正极材料是目前电池研发热点.元素组成为Li Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2(NCA)的高镍正极材料相比于传统的层状Li Co O2具有价格便宜和比容量高的优点,已逐渐进入商品化应用阶段.该材料仍存在不可逆容量损失大、高温性...高比能、长寿命锂离子电池正极材料是目前电池研发热点.元素组成为Li Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2(NCA)的高镍正极材料相比于传统的层状Li Co O2具有价格便宜和比容量高的优点,已逐渐进入商品化应用阶段.该材料仍存在不可逆容量损失大、高温性能差等问题,表面包覆是提升材料性能的有效途径.本文总结了NCA材料表面包覆的研究进展,并对其未来的研究方向进行了展望.展开更多
具有高容量的LiNiO_(2)(LNO)是高能锂离子电池最受欢迎的正极材料之一,但是其存在结构和界面稳定性差,循环性能不理想等问题.常规Mg、Al元素掺杂可有效改善稳定性,但会导致可逆容量及倍率性能的损失.本文通过分段的共沉淀法制备了铝镁...具有高容量的LiNiO_(2)(LNO)是高能锂离子电池最受欢迎的正极材料之一,但是其存在结构和界面稳定性差,循环性能不理想等问题.常规Mg、Al元素掺杂可有效改善稳定性,但会导致可逆容量及倍率性能的损失.本文通过分段的共沉淀法制备了铝镁不均匀掺杂的LNO二次球形前驱体,利用不均匀掺杂减少了掺杂剂用量并诱导实现了前驱体表面形貌的重构,煅烧后形成具有疏松多孔表层形貌的二次颗粒.改性后的LNO正极具有良好的循环稳定性(全电池150次循环后容量保持率为95.1%)和大倍率放电能力(10 C时达到177.9 mA h g^(-1)),这是由于比表面积的增加促进了锂离子传输,以及镁、铝的掺杂缓解了LNO循环过程中的有害相变.该工作揭示了通过设计掺杂元素的分布可以有效地调节LNO的形貌、结构和性能,为合成高性能的LNO正极材料提供了新的策略.展开更多
基金supported by the National Programs for Nano-Key Project (2017YFA0206700)the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFB1502100)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21835004)111 Project from the Ministry of Education of China (B12015)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Nankai University (63191711 and 63191416)
文摘Silicon-based material is one of the most promising substitutes of widely used graphite anodes for the next generation Li-ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity,low working potential,environmental friendliness,and abundant natural resource.However,the huge volume expansion and serious interfacial side reactions during lithiation and delithiation progresses of the silicon anode are the key issues which impede their further practical applications.Rational designs of silicon nanostructures are effective ways to address these problems.In this progress report,we firstly highlight the fundamental scientific problems,and then focus on recent progresses in design,preparation,in-situ characterization methods and failure mechanism of nanostructured silicon anode for high capacity lithium battery.We also summarize the key lessons from the successes so far and offer perspectives and future challenges to promote the applications of silicon anode in practical lithium batteries.
文摘合成了蜂窝状的分级多孔碳,并以多孔碳为载体通过浸渍-化学还原法制备碳载镍(Ni/C)作为催化氨硼烷水解制氢的催化剂。采用XRD、BET、SEM、Raman、TEM等手段对样品进行了表征并研究了Ni/C室温催化性能。结果显示,多孔碳比表面积高达737 m2·g-1,具有部分石墨化结构;负载的非晶态镍纳米颗粒平均粒径约为10 nm,均匀分布在碳基材。碳载镍对氨硼烷水解反应具有良好的催化活性,镍负载量为30wt%时催化性能最佳,298 K温度下放氢速率达到1 304.67 m L·min-1·g-1,活化能为29.1 k J·mol-1,并且具备一定的催化稳定性,表明Ni/C可作为一种廉价高效的催化剂应用于催化氨硼烷水解制氢。
文摘高比能、长寿命锂离子电池正极材料是目前电池研发热点.元素组成为Li Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2(NCA)的高镍正极材料相比于传统的层状Li Co O2具有价格便宜和比容量高的优点,已逐渐进入商品化应用阶段.该材料仍存在不可逆容量损失大、高温性能差等问题,表面包覆是提升材料性能的有效途径.本文总结了NCA材料表面包覆的研究进展,并对其未来的研究方向进行了展望.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21925503 and 21835004)Jiangsu Specially-Appointed Professorship Foundation(1064902003)+1 种基金the Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Jiangsu University of Science and Technology(1062932001 and 1062932211)the Program for High-Level Entrepreneurial and Innovative Talents Introduction of Jiangsu Province(Double Innovation PhD,1064902009)。
文摘具有高容量的LiNiO_(2)(LNO)是高能锂离子电池最受欢迎的正极材料之一,但是其存在结构和界面稳定性差,循环性能不理想等问题.常规Mg、Al元素掺杂可有效改善稳定性,但会导致可逆容量及倍率性能的损失.本文通过分段的共沉淀法制备了铝镁不均匀掺杂的LNO二次球形前驱体,利用不均匀掺杂减少了掺杂剂用量并诱导实现了前驱体表面形貌的重构,煅烧后形成具有疏松多孔表层形貌的二次颗粒.改性后的LNO正极具有良好的循环稳定性(全电池150次循环后容量保持率为95.1%)和大倍率放电能力(10 C时达到177.9 mA h g^(-1)),这是由于比表面积的增加促进了锂离子传输,以及镁、铝的掺杂缓解了LNO循环过程中的有害相变.该工作揭示了通过设计掺杂元素的分布可以有效地调节LNO的形貌、结构和性能,为合成高性能的LNO正极材料提供了新的策略.