Vegetation ecosystem simulation and visualisation are challenging topics involving multidisciplinary aspects. In this paper, we present a new generic frame for the simulation of natural phenomena through manageable an...Vegetation ecosystem simulation and visualisation are challenging topics involving multidisciplinary aspects. In this paper, we present a new generic frame for the simulation of natural phenomena through manageable and interacting models. It focuses on the functional growth of large vegetal ecosystems, showing coherence for scales ranging from the individual plant to communities and with a particular attention to the effects of water resource competition between plants. The proposed approach is based on a model of plant growth in interaction with the environmental conditions. These are deduced from the climatic data （light, temperature, rainfall） and a model of soil hydrological budget. A set of layers is used to store the water resources and to build the interfaces between the environmental data and landscape components： temperature, rain, light, altitude, lakes, plant positions, biomass, cycles, etc. At the plant level, the simulation is performed for each individual by a structural-functional growth model, interacting with the plant＇s environment. Temperature is spatialised, changing according to altitude, and thus locally controls plant growth speed. The competition for water is based on a soil hydrological model taking into account rainfalls, water runoff, absorption, diffusion, percolation in soil. So far, the incoming light radiation is not studied in detail and is supposed constant. However, competition for light between plants is directly taken into account in the plant growth model. In our implementation, we propose a simple architecture for such a simulator and a simulation scheme to synchronise the water resource updating （on a temporal basis） and the plant growth cycles （determined by the sum of daily temperatures）. The visualisation techniques are based on sets of layers, allowing both morphological and functional landscape views and providing interesting tools for ecosystem management. The implementation of the proposed frame leads to encouraging results that are presented and illus展开更多
[目的]系统评价接纳与承诺疗法(ACT)对慢性疼痛病人的影响。[方法]通过计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、the Cochrane Library、EBSCO、EMbase、中国知网(CNKI)、万方、维普等多个中英文数据库中接纳与承诺疗法对慢性疼痛病人干预效...[目的]系统评价接纳与承诺疗法(ACT)对慢性疼痛病人的影响。[方法]通过计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、the Cochrane Library、EBSCO、EMbase、中国知网(CNKI)、万方、维普等多个中英文数据库中接纳与承诺疗法对慢性疼痛病人干预效果的随机对照试验,利用RevMan 5.2.0软件进行统计分析。[结果]共纳入11篇文献,1041例病人。Meta分析结果显示,与常规干预措施相比,接纳与承诺疗法能够提高病人生活质量[SMD=0.39,95%CI(0.19,0.58),P<0.0001],降低其疼痛强度[MD=-0.35,95%CI(-0.66,-0.05),P=0.02]、焦虑情绪[SMD=-0.35,95%CI(-0.70,-0.01),P=0.04]、抑郁情绪[SMD=-0.40,95%CI(-0.54,-0.25),P<0.00001]。[结论]当前证据表明接纳与承诺疗法能够提高病人生活质量,缓解病人的疼痛症状,减轻慢性疼痛病人的焦虑和抑郁情绪。展开更多
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.60473110 and by LIAMAGREENLAB Project.
文摘Vegetation ecosystem simulation and visualisation are challenging topics involving multidisciplinary aspects. In this paper, we present a new generic frame for the simulation of natural phenomena through manageable and interacting models. It focuses on the functional growth of large vegetal ecosystems, showing coherence for scales ranging from the individual plant to communities and with a particular attention to the effects of water resource competition between plants. The proposed approach is based on a model of plant growth in interaction with the environmental conditions. These are deduced from the climatic data （light, temperature, rainfall） and a model of soil hydrological budget. A set of layers is used to store the water resources and to build the interfaces between the environmental data and landscape components： temperature, rain, light, altitude, lakes, plant positions, biomass, cycles, etc. At the plant level, the simulation is performed for each individual by a structural-functional growth model, interacting with the plant＇s environment. Temperature is spatialised, changing according to altitude, and thus locally controls plant growth speed. The competition for water is based on a soil hydrological model taking into account rainfalls, water runoff, absorption, diffusion, percolation in soil. So far, the incoming light radiation is not studied in detail and is supposed constant. However, competition for light between plants is directly taken into account in the plant growth model. In our implementation, we propose a simple architecture for such a simulator and a simulation scheme to synchronise the water resource updating （on a temporal basis） and the plant growth cycles （determined by the sum of daily temperatures）. The visualisation techniques are based on sets of layers, allowing both morphological and functional landscape views and providing interesting tools for ecosystem management. The implementation of the proposed frame leads to encouraging results that are presented and illus
