通过应用超声波动力学测量仪和CYBEX-6000等速仪器,分别对26名标枪运动员和22名自愿者肩关节内、外旋活动范围(range of motion,ROM)、内外旋肌力进行测量,以探讨标枪运动员肩关节旋转运动特征。结果表明:标枪运动员优势臂的外旋活动范...通过应用超声波动力学测量仪和CYBEX-6000等速仪器,分别对26名标枪运动员和22名自愿者肩关节内、外旋活动范围(range of motion,ROM)、内外旋肌力进行测量,以探讨标枪运动员肩关节旋转运动特征。结果表明:标枪运动员优势臂的外旋活动范围明显大于非优势臂,而其优势臂的内旋活动范围则显著小于非优势臂,优势臂的整个旋转活动范围也明显比非优势臂小;对照组的优势臂和非优势臂旋转活动范围无显著差异,测试还发现:标枪运动员肩关节存在内、外旋肌力不平衡,实验组优势臂内旋IR(210°/s)、IR(300°/s)相对锋力矩明显大于非优势臂(P<0.001),优势臂外旋ER(210°/s)、ER(300°/s)锋力矩与非优势臂相比,无明显差异(P>0.05),实验组优势臂外旋/内旋锋力矩比值(ER/IR)明显小于非优势臂。展开更多
Gluconic acid and its derivatives have been widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Conventional processes that involve the conversion of glucose into gluconic acid via fermentation present several tech...Gluconic acid and its derivatives have been widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Conventional processes that involve the conversion of glucose into gluconic acid via fermentation present several technological shortcomings as they involve energy-intensive wastewater treatment and complex enzyme separation. Greener oxidation processes over heterogeneous metal catalysts have attracted increasing attention worldwide. Au-, Pt-and Pd-based heterogeneous catalysts have been extensively used for the chemical oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid. Bimetallic catalysts synthesized by adding either noble or inexpensive metals have also presented excellent performance for the oxidations of glucose. In particular, particle size, which has been recognized as the most important factor that affect catalytic performances, could be rationally tuned by changing the types of support and ligand as well as the synthesis conditions. In this perspective review, we summarize and critically discuss the recent advances in the structural design of mono-and bimetallic catalysts for the oxidation of glucose in aqueous media. Furthermore, the challenges of developing catalysts for the green synthesis of gluconic acid have been highlighted. This review provides alternative insights for designing effective catalytic materials for the catalytic oxidation of bio-derived oxygenates over heterogeneous catalysts.展开更多
文摘通过应用超声波动力学测量仪和CYBEX-6000等速仪器,分别对26名标枪运动员和22名自愿者肩关节内、外旋活动范围(range of motion,ROM)、内外旋肌力进行测量,以探讨标枪运动员肩关节旋转运动特征。结果表明:标枪运动员优势臂的外旋活动范围明显大于非优势臂,而其优势臂的内旋活动范围则显著小于非优势臂,优势臂的整个旋转活动范围也明显比非优势臂小;对照组的优势臂和非优势臂旋转活动范围无显著差异,测试还发现:标枪运动员肩关节存在内、外旋肌力不平衡,实验组优势臂内旋IR(210°/s)、IR(300°/s)相对锋力矩明显大于非优势臂(P<0.001),优势臂外旋ER(210°/s)、ER(300°/s)锋力矩与非优势臂相比,无明显差异(P>0.05),实验组优势臂外旋/内旋锋力矩比值(ER/IR)明显小于非优势臂。
文摘Gluconic acid and its derivatives have been widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Conventional processes that involve the conversion of glucose into gluconic acid via fermentation present several technological shortcomings as they involve energy-intensive wastewater treatment and complex enzyme separation. Greener oxidation processes over heterogeneous metal catalysts have attracted increasing attention worldwide. Au-, Pt-and Pd-based heterogeneous catalysts have been extensively used for the chemical oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid. Bimetallic catalysts synthesized by adding either noble or inexpensive metals have also presented excellent performance for the oxidations of glucose. In particular, particle size, which has been recognized as the most important factor that affect catalytic performances, could be rationally tuned by changing the types of support and ligand as well as the synthesis conditions. In this perspective review, we summarize and critically discuss the recent advances in the structural design of mono-and bimetallic catalysts for the oxidation of glucose in aqueous media. Furthermore, the challenges of developing catalysts for the green synthesis of gluconic acid have been highlighted. This review provides alternative insights for designing effective catalytic materials for the catalytic oxidation of bio-derived oxygenates over heterogeneous catalysts.
