本试验通过对乌鳢肠道内产蛋白酶好氧菌株进行分离和培养,并测定其产蛋白酶能力,来评价豆粕替代鱼粉对乌鳢肠道好氧菌组成及产蛋白酶能力的影响。首先配制以脱脂鱼粉为主要蛋白质源的对照组(D1组)饲料,饲料中鱼粉添加量为55%;然后用豆...本试验通过对乌鳢肠道内产蛋白酶好氧菌株进行分离和培养,并测定其产蛋白酶能力,来评价豆粕替代鱼粉对乌鳢肠道好氧菌组成及产蛋白酶能力的影响。首先配制以脱脂鱼粉为主要蛋白质源的对照组(D1组)饲料,饲料中鱼粉添加量为55%;然后用豆粕替代对照组饲料中不同比例的鱼粉,配制2种试验组饲料,饲料中豆粕添加量分别为35%(D2组)和75%(D3组)。上述3种试验饲料分别投喂平均体重为(10.50±0.84)g的乌鳢幼鱼8周,每种试验饲料投喂3个重复,每个重复28尾鱼,试验在室内养殖系统中进行。结果显示:随着豆粕替代鱼粉比例的增加,乌鳢的终末体重、增重率和特定生长率显著降低(P<0.05)。从3组乌鳢肠道内共分离出21株产蛋白酶好氧菌,其中,D1组为16株,D2组为19株,D3组为20株。以水解圈直径与菌株直径之比值(R/r值)表示产蛋白酶能力,豆粕替代鱼粉显著降低了菌株P1004和P1018的R/r值(P<0.05),但显著增加了菌株P1009和P1012的R/r值(P<0.05)。随着豆粕替代鱼粉比例的增加,菌株P1018的R/r值显著下降(P<0.05)。对产蛋白酶能力最大的菌株P1009进行生理生化特征鉴定和16S r DNA序列分析,得出菌株P1009为铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)。本试验结果表明,乌鳢肠道内存在着丰富的产蛋白酶好氧菌,豆粕替代鱼粉对乌鳢肠道内产蛋白酶好氧菌数量和产蛋白酶能力产生了一定影响,乌鳢肠道内产蛋白酶能力最强的菌株P1009是铜绿假单胞菌,可以考虑将其作为益生菌开发的潜在菌种。展开更多
Microbial communities in different gastrointestinal regions （stomach, foregut, midgut, and hindgut） of the northern snakehead Channa argus （Cantor, 1842） were compared by polymerase chain reaction and partial 16S ...Microbial communities in different gastrointestinal regions （stomach, foregut, midgut, and hindgut） of the northern snakehead Channa argus （Cantor, 1842） were compared by polymerase chain reaction and partial 16S rDNA sequencing. A total of 194, 140, 212, and 122 OTUs were detected in the stomach, foregut, midgut, and hindgut, respectively. Significant differences were found in the Sobs, ACE, Shannon, and Simpson indices among samples （P〈0.05）. The gastrointestinal microbial community of C. argus consisted predominantly of Proteobacteria with either Halomonas, Shewanella, Plesiomonas, or Sphingomonas. Fusobacteria, Firm!cutes, and Bacteroidetes also existed in the gastrointestinal tracts. However, significant＇differences were found in the compositions of microbial community among the four regions （P〈0.05）. Cyanobacteria and Spirochetes were significantly higher in the midgut and hindgut （P〈0.05）. Fusobacteria and Firmicutes were dominant in the hindgut and foregut, respectively （P〈0.05）. Proteobacteria was the lowest in the hindgut （P〈0.05）. At genus level, Cetobacterium and Plesiomonas were significantly higher in the hindgut than in the other three samples （P〈0.05）. Clostridium and Prevotella were the highest in the midgut （P〈0.05）. Halomonas, Shewanella, and Sphingomonas were the highest in the foregut （P〈0.05）. Paracoccus and Vibrio were the highest in the stomach. Several genera were only detected in certain regions, as follows： stomach, Paracoccus and Hbrio; foregut, Halomonas, Shewanella, and Sphingomonas; midgut, Clostridium and Prevotella; and hindgut, Cetobacterium and Plesiomonas （P〈0.05）. At the species level, Acinetobacter rhizosphaerae was only detected in the stomach. Prevotella copri and Clostridium perfring were not detected in the foregut and midgut, respectively, whereas Prevotella copri and Faecalibacterium pra were not detected in the hindgut. These findings provide valuable information on the microbial community in each gastro展开更多
文摘本试验通过对乌鳢肠道内产蛋白酶好氧菌株进行分离和培养,并测定其产蛋白酶能力,来评价豆粕替代鱼粉对乌鳢肠道好氧菌组成及产蛋白酶能力的影响。首先配制以脱脂鱼粉为主要蛋白质源的对照组(D1组)饲料,饲料中鱼粉添加量为55%;然后用豆粕替代对照组饲料中不同比例的鱼粉,配制2种试验组饲料,饲料中豆粕添加量分别为35%(D2组)和75%(D3组)。上述3种试验饲料分别投喂平均体重为(10.50±0.84)g的乌鳢幼鱼8周,每种试验饲料投喂3个重复,每个重复28尾鱼,试验在室内养殖系统中进行。结果显示:随着豆粕替代鱼粉比例的增加,乌鳢的终末体重、增重率和特定生长率显著降低(P<0.05)。从3组乌鳢肠道内共分离出21株产蛋白酶好氧菌,其中,D1组为16株,D2组为19株,D3组为20株。以水解圈直径与菌株直径之比值(R/r值)表示产蛋白酶能力,豆粕替代鱼粉显著降低了菌株P1004和P1018的R/r值(P<0.05),但显著增加了菌株P1009和P1012的R/r值(P<0.05)。随着豆粕替代鱼粉比例的增加,菌株P1018的R/r值显著下降(P<0.05)。对产蛋白酶能力最大的菌株P1009进行生理生化特征鉴定和16S r DNA序列分析,得出菌株P1009为铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)。本试验结果表明,乌鳢肠道内存在着丰富的产蛋白酶好氧菌,豆粕替代鱼粉对乌鳢肠道内产蛋白酶好氧菌数量和产蛋白酶能力产生了一定影响,乌鳢肠道内产蛋白酶能力最强的菌株P1009是铜绿假单胞菌,可以考虑将其作为益生菌开发的潜在菌种。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31402306)
文摘Microbial communities in different gastrointestinal regions （stomach, foregut, midgut, and hindgut） of the northern snakehead Channa argus （Cantor, 1842） were compared by polymerase chain reaction and partial 16S rDNA sequencing. A total of 194, 140, 212, and 122 OTUs were detected in the stomach, foregut, midgut, and hindgut, respectively. Significant differences were found in the Sobs, ACE, Shannon, and Simpson indices among samples （P〈0.05）. The gastrointestinal microbial community of C. argus consisted predominantly of Proteobacteria with either Halomonas, Shewanella, Plesiomonas, or Sphingomonas. Fusobacteria, Firm!cutes, and Bacteroidetes also existed in the gastrointestinal tracts. However, significant＇differences were found in the compositions of microbial community among the four regions （P〈0.05）. Cyanobacteria and Spirochetes were significantly higher in the midgut and hindgut （P〈0.05）. Fusobacteria and Firmicutes were dominant in the hindgut and foregut, respectively （P〈0.05）. Proteobacteria was the lowest in the hindgut （P〈0.05）. At genus level, Cetobacterium and Plesiomonas were significantly higher in the hindgut than in the other three samples （P〈0.05）. Clostridium and Prevotella were the highest in the midgut （P〈0.05）. Halomonas, Shewanella, and Sphingomonas were the highest in the foregut （P〈0.05）. Paracoccus and Vibrio were the highest in the stomach. Several genera were only detected in certain regions, as follows： stomach, Paracoccus and Hbrio; foregut, Halomonas, Shewanella, and Sphingomonas; midgut, Clostridium and Prevotella; and hindgut, Cetobacterium and Plesiomonas （P〈0.05）. At the species level, Acinetobacter rhizosphaerae was only detected in the stomach. Prevotella copri and Clostridium perfring were not detected in the foregut and midgut, respectively, whereas Prevotella copri and Faecalibacterium pra were not detected in the hindgut. These findings provide valuable information on the microbial community in each gastro
