Many organic molecules with various functional groups have been used to passivate the perovskite surface for improving the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cell(PSCs).However,the intrinsic attributes of th...Many organic molecules with various functional groups have been used to passivate the perovskite surface for improving the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cell(PSCs).However,the intrinsic attributes of the passivation effect based on different chemical bonds are rarely studied.Here,we comparatively investigate the passivation effect among 12 types of functional groups on para-tertbutylbenzene for PSCs and find that the open circuit voltage(VOC) tends to increase with the chemical bonding strength between perovskite and these passivation additive molecules.Particularly,the paratert-butylbenzoic acid(tB-COOH),with the extra intermolecular hydrogen bonding,can stabilize the surface passivation of perovskite films exceptionally well through formation of a crystalline interlayer with water-insoluble property and high melting point.As a result,the tB-COOH device achieves a champion power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 21.46%.More importantly,such devices,which were stored in ambient air with a relative humidity of ~45%,can retain 88% of their initial performance after a testing period of more than 1 year(10,080 h).This work provides a case study to understand chemical bonding effects on passivation of perovskite.展开更多
This paper derives the analytical expression of free energy for a weakly interacting Fermi gas in a weak magnetic field, by using the methods of quantum statistics as well as considering the relativistic effect. Based...This paper derives the analytical expression of free energy for a weakly interacting Fermi gas in a weak magnetic field, by using the methods of quantum statistics as well as considering the relativistic effect. Based on the derived expression, the thermodynamic properties of the system at both high and low temperatures are given and the relativistic effect on the properties of the system is discussed. It shows that, in comparison with a nonrelativistic situation, the relativistic effect changes the influence of temperature on the thermodynamic properties of the system at high temperatures, and changes the influence of particle-number density on them at extremely low temperature. But the relativistic effect does not change the influence of the magnetic field and inter-particle interactions on the thermodynamic properties of the system at both high and extremely low temperatures.展开更多
基金supported by the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong (T23-407/13-N)Innovation and Technology Commission (ITS/088/17)+5 种基金Start-up funds from Central Organization Department and South China University of Technologyfund from the Guangdong Science and Technology Program (2020B121201003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21776315)Petro China Innovation Foundation (2017D5007-0402)the Pearl River Talent Program (2019ZT08L075, 2019QN01L118)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (19CX05001A)。
文摘Many organic molecules with various functional groups have been used to passivate the perovskite surface for improving the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cell(PSCs).However,the intrinsic attributes of the passivation effect based on different chemical bonds are rarely studied.Here,we comparatively investigate the passivation effect among 12 types of functional groups on para-tertbutylbenzene for PSCs and find that the open circuit voltage(VOC) tends to increase with the chemical bonding strength between perovskite and these passivation additive molecules.Particularly,the paratert-butylbenzoic acid(tB-COOH),with the extra intermolecular hydrogen bonding,can stabilize the surface passivation of perovskite films exceptionally well through formation of a crystalline interlayer with water-insoluble property and high melting point.As a result,the tB-COOH device achieves a champion power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 21.46%.More importantly,such devices,which were stored in ambient air with a relative humidity of ~45%,can retain 88% of their initial performance after a testing period of more than 1 year(10,080 h).This work provides a case study to understand chemical bonding effects on passivation of perovskite.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22108306 and 22078362)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2021YQ15 and ZR2020QB174)+3 种基金PetroChina Innovation Foundation(2019D-5007-0401)Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(tsqn201909065)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(22CX07009A,19CX05001A)Postgraduate Innovation Fund of China University of Petroleum(East China)(YCX2020037).
文摘This paper derives the analytical expression of free energy for a weakly interacting Fermi gas in a weak magnetic field, by using the methods of quantum statistics as well as considering the relativistic effect. Based on the derived expression, the thermodynamic properties of the system at both high and low temperatures are given and the relativistic effect on the properties of the system is discussed. It shows that, in comparison with a nonrelativistic situation, the relativistic effect changes the influence of temperature on the thermodynamic properties of the system at high temperatures, and changes the influence of particle-number density on them at extremely low temperature. But the relativistic effect does not change the influence of the magnetic field and inter-particle interactions on the thermodynamic properties of the system at both high and extremely low temperatures.
