为了解中国鸟类学研究的状况和发展趋势,我们利用在线文献数据库(Web of Science)检索了1991-2010年间发表的与鸟类有关的文献,对中国和其他国家的鸟类学研究论文、研究领域、研究机构等进行了分析和比较。结果发现,中国鸟类学研究发展...为了解中国鸟类学研究的状况和发展趋势,我们利用在线文献数据库(Web of Science)检索了1991-2010年间发表的与鸟类有关的文献,对中国和其他国家的鸟类学研究论文、研究领域、研究机构等进行了分析和比较。结果发现,中国鸟类学研究发展很快,专业研究人员数量在1991-2010年间增长了近四倍,在国际上发表的研究论文的数量近几年年均增长25%;论文数量占世界的比例已经由1991-2000年的0.46%上升到了2001-2010年期间的1.53%,世界排名由第27位上升至第16位,并且研究领域更加多元化,论文水平不断提高。在鸟类系统发育与演化、合作繁殖和婚配、禽流感、巢寄生等领域的许多成果开始在国际相关领域的高水平刊物上发表,在古鸟类以及雉类和鹤类等濒危鸟类的保护研究方面位居世界前列。但从整体而言,中国鸟类学研究与世界上一些发达国家相比还有很大差距。为此我们对中国鸟类学未来的发展提出了一些建议,包括需要更加关注鸟类的生活史对策、气候变化和城市化对鸟类的影响、鸟类迁徙、濒危物种保护生物学等领域的研究,进一步加强国际交流与合作,规范鸟类研究及数据保存和处理的方法,采取更有效措施加大对青年研究人员的支持力度等。展开更多
Two new records of birds occurred in Beijing are reported. Two flocks of Chinese Bulbul (Pycnontus sinensis sinensis) composed of 38 individuals were found in Hongluosi of Huairou County in September 26—27, 2002. One...Two new records of birds occurred in Beijing are reported. Two flocks of Chinese Bulbul (Pycnontus sinensis sinensis) composed of 38 individuals were found in Hongluosi of Huairou County in September 26—27, 2002. One male Red-winged Crested Cuckoo ( Clamator coromandus ) was observed in Xiaolongmen Wood Farm of Mengtougou District on May 23, 2000. Further surveys indicate that Chinese Bulbul is a resident species of birds in Beijing, the distribution sites include Haidian, Shunyi, Huairou and Fangshan; while Red-winged Crested Cuckoo, a summer visitor, arrives in Beijing in the middle ten days of May and migrates southward in early September. These findings together with the records of Crossoptilon mantchuricum, Ficedula mugimaki, Fringilla coelebs coelebs, F. beijingnica, Phylloscopus sichuanensis since 1990 have increased the bird species living in Beijing from 344 to 351. Habitat restoration and intensive surveys may increase avian species diversity of Beijing.展开更多
Brown eared-pheasant Crossoptilon mantchuricum is endemic to China, an d mainly occurs in Luliang Mountains of Shanxi, Xiaowutai of Hebei and Huanglong of Shaanxi. Reintroduction of Brown eared pheasant was carried ou...Brown eared-pheasant Crossoptilon mantchuricum is endemic to China, an d mainly occurs in Luliang Mountains of Shanxi, Xiaowutai of Hebei and Huanglong of Shaanxi. Reintroduction of Brown eared pheasant was carried out from April t o December in 2000. According to the criterions of release site selection in Gui delines for Reintroductions of IUCN, and habitat selection of Brown eared pheasa nt, Kuantan forestry in Wutaishan Mountains of Shanxi Province was selected as t he release site. Of the 8 released individuals, 5 wild individuals were captured in winter in Luyashan Nature Reserve of Shanxi Province, and 3 were offsprings of captive-reared individuals. Transmitters were attached when the 8 individua l s were released. Overall, 6 individuals survived for at least 1 month, and the l ongest time for survival was 155 days, except that one was confirmed as having b een killed by a raptor on the second day and one was lost on the eighth day afte r release. All moved away from the release site after release and established st able home ranges in different sites after 10 days, respectively. In early May, t he individuals again dispersed to establish new home ranges. The wandering dist ance and days of the captive individuals were longer and the home range size wer e larger than that of the wild birds, which resulted from the weak adaptability to new habitat for the captive individuals, such as recognizing and fetching foo d. For wild individuals, the second wandering distance was longer than the first . We believe the difference was related to looking for partners. After wandering , individuals established stable home ranges in different sites .展开更多
文摘为了解中国鸟类学研究的状况和发展趋势,我们利用在线文献数据库(Web of Science)检索了1991-2010年间发表的与鸟类有关的文献,对中国和其他国家的鸟类学研究论文、研究领域、研究机构等进行了分析和比较。结果发现,中国鸟类学研究发展很快,专业研究人员数量在1991-2010年间增长了近四倍,在国际上发表的研究论文的数量近几年年均增长25%;论文数量占世界的比例已经由1991-2000年的0.46%上升到了2001-2010年期间的1.53%,世界排名由第27位上升至第16位,并且研究领域更加多元化,论文水平不断提高。在鸟类系统发育与演化、合作繁殖和婚配、禽流感、巢寄生等领域的许多成果开始在国际相关领域的高水平刊物上发表,在古鸟类以及雉类和鹤类等濒危鸟类的保护研究方面位居世界前列。但从整体而言,中国鸟类学研究与世界上一些发达国家相比还有很大差距。为此我们对中国鸟类学未来的发展提出了一些建议,包括需要更加关注鸟类的生活史对策、气候变化和城市化对鸟类的影响、鸟类迁徙、濒危物种保护生物学等领域的研究,进一步加强国际交流与合作,规范鸟类研究及数据保存和处理的方法,采取更有效措施加大对青年研究人员的支持力度等。
文摘Two new records of birds occurred in Beijing are reported. Two flocks of Chinese Bulbul (Pycnontus sinensis sinensis) composed of 38 individuals were found in Hongluosi of Huairou County in September 26—27, 2002. One male Red-winged Crested Cuckoo ( Clamator coromandus ) was observed in Xiaolongmen Wood Farm of Mengtougou District on May 23, 2000. Further surveys indicate that Chinese Bulbul is a resident species of birds in Beijing, the distribution sites include Haidian, Shunyi, Huairou and Fangshan; while Red-winged Crested Cuckoo, a summer visitor, arrives in Beijing in the middle ten days of May and migrates southward in early September. These findings together with the records of Crossoptilon mantchuricum, Ficedula mugimaki, Fringilla coelebs coelebs, F. beijingnica, Phylloscopus sichuanensis since 1990 have increased the bird species living in Beijing from 344 to 351. Habitat restoration and intensive surveys may increase avian species diversity of Beijing.
文摘Brown eared-pheasant Crossoptilon mantchuricum is endemic to China, an d mainly occurs in Luliang Mountains of Shanxi, Xiaowutai of Hebei and Huanglong of Shaanxi. Reintroduction of Brown eared pheasant was carried out from April t o December in 2000. According to the criterions of release site selection in Gui delines for Reintroductions of IUCN, and habitat selection of Brown eared pheasa nt, Kuantan forestry in Wutaishan Mountains of Shanxi Province was selected as t he release site. Of the 8 released individuals, 5 wild individuals were captured in winter in Luyashan Nature Reserve of Shanxi Province, and 3 were offsprings of captive-reared individuals. Transmitters were attached when the 8 individua l s were released. Overall, 6 individuals survived for at least 1 month, and the l ongest time for survival was 155 days, except that one was confirmed as having b een killed by a raptor on the second day and one was lost on the eighth day afte r release. All moved away from the release site after release and established st able home ranges in different sites after 10 days, respectively. In early May, t he individuals again dispersed to establish new home ranges. The wandering dist ance and days of the captive individuals were longer and the home range size wer e larger than that of the wild birds, which resulted from the weak adaptability to new habitat for the captive individuals, such as recognizing and fetching foo d. For wild individuals, the second wandering distance was longer than the first . We believe the difference was related to looking for partners. After wandering , individuals established stable home ranges in different sites .
