Social capital as both concept and theory has drawn much intellectuals’ interest and research in the past two decades in social sciences(especially in sociology), but it is a most prominent and controversial concept ...Social capital as both concept and theory has drawn much intellectuals’ interest and research in the past two decades in social sciences(especially in sociology), but it is a most prominent and controversial concept and theory. In my opinion, the controversy on social capital is due to different definitions, concepts,measurements, and analysis levels. The aim of this paper is not to settle all controversies and debates, but to clarify the source of many controversies and debates. I hope that my review will be helpful to future systematic theoretical reconstruction and research on social capital.展开更多
引言2000年，美国感染病学会（Infectious Diseases Society of America，IDSA）首次发表了“隐球菌病治疗的实践指南”，2010年更新为“隐球菌病治疗临床实践指南，美国感染病学会2010更新”，该指南经过多年临床应用，确实发挥了规范...引言2000年，美国感染病学会（Infectious Diseases Society of America，IDSA）首次发表了“隐球菌病治疗的实践指南”，2010年更新为“隐球菌病治疗临床实践指南，美国感染病学会2010更新”，该指南经过多年临床应用，确实发挥了规范隐球菌感染治疗的作用；但是在我国临床实施过程中，的确发现有很多不适用于中国的内容。展开更多
阻断母婴传播是消除乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)感染的关键环节。由中华医学会感染病学分会发起,联合多学科专家,基于系统评价证据,结合患者意愿,采用评估、制订和评价(Grades of Recommendation,Assessment,Development,and E...阻断母婴传播是消除乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)感染的关键环节。由中华医学会感染病学分会发起,联合多学科专家,基于系统评价证据,结合患者意愿,采用评估、制订和评价(Grades of Recommendation,Assessment,Development,and Evaluation,GRADE)分级,遵循RIGHT报告标准,制订我国首部循证HBV母婴传播防治指南,以期为临床医师和妇幼保健相关人员提供围产期监测、干预和新生儿免疫的决策依据。展开更多
This paper analyzes the ego-centered social network composition of urban dwellers in China from a social class perspective. A random sample (n= 1004 )questionnaire survey was conducted in the city areas of Beijing in ...This paper analyzes the ego-centered social network composition of urban dwellers in China from a social class perspective. A random sample (n= 1004 )questionnaire survey was conducted in the city areas of Beijing in the summer of 2000. The discussion name-generator approach was employed to measure people’s social network structures. Social class positions were divided into four levels on the basis of occupation, property rights, authority and skill:(1)professional/ administrator, (2)white collar, (3)small proprietor, and (4)working class. Results reveal that a person’s social position affects the class composition of his/her social networks. In Beijing, the class compositions of the professionals/administrators and the working class people are less heterogeneous than those of the white collar workers and small proprietors. People in all classes tend to make in group choices, i.e., selecting discussion network members of similar class status. Compared to the working class people, however, the professionals/administrators have a stronger tendency to maintain a closured social network while the small proprietors are more likely to form cross class networks. These findings can be explained by the relatively low degree of differentiation in China’s social class structure and by the opportunities and constraints faced by people in the different classes.展开更多
文摘Social capital as both concept and theory has drawn much intellectuals’ interest and research in the past two decades in social sciences(especially in sociology), but it is a most prominent and controversial concept and theory. In my opinion, the controversy on social capital is due to different definitions, concepts,measurements, and analysis levels. The aim of this paper is not to settle all controversies and debates, but to clarify the source of many controversies and debates. I hope that my review will be helpful to future systematic theoretical reconstruction and research on social capital.
文摘引言2000年，美国感染病学会（Infectious Diseases Society of America，IDSA）首次发表了“隐球菌病治疗的实践指南”，2010年更新为“隐球菌病治疗临床实践指南，美国感染病学会2010更新”，该指南经过多年临床应用，确实发挥了规范隐球菌感染治疗的作用；但是在我国临床实施过程中，的确发现有很多不适用于中国的内容。
文摘阻断母婴传播是消除乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)感染的关键环节。由中华医学会感染病学分会发起,联合多学科专家,基于系统评价证据,结合患者意愿,采用评估、制订和评价(Grades of Recommendation,Assessment,Development,and Evaluation,GRADE)分级,遵循RIGHT报告标准,制订我国首部循证HBV母婴传播防治指南,以期为临床医师和妇幼保健相关人员提供围产期监测、干预和新生儿免疫的决策依据。
文摘This paper analyzes the ego-centered social network composition of urban dwellers in China from a social class perspective. A random sample (n= 1004 )questionnaire survey was conducted in the city areas of Beijing in the summer of 2000. The discussion name-generator approach was employed to measure people’s social network structures. Social class positions were divided into four levels on the basis of occupation, property rights, authority and skill:(1)professional/ administrator, (2)white collar, (3)small proprietor, and (4)working class. Results reveal that a person’s social position affects the class composition of his/her social networks. In Beijing, the class compositions of the professionals/administrators and the working class people are less heterogeneous than those of the white collar workers and small proprietors. People in all classes tend to make in group choices, i.e., selecting discussion network members of similar class status. Compared to the working class people, however, the professionals/administrators have a stronger tendency to maintain a closured social network while the small proprietors are more likely to form cross class networks. These findings can be explained by the relatively low degree of differentiation in China’s social class structure and by the opportunities and constraints faced by people in the different classes.
