将消费者对乳制品新鲜度的参考效应引入第三方物流(third party logistics,TPL)服务商参与的双渠道乳制品供应链中,考虑到乳制品新鲜度受到制造商加工水平和TPL服务商物流服务水平的共同影响,构建分散式、集中式以及引入基于二部定价的...将消费者对乳制品新鲜度的参考效应引入第三方物流(third party logistics,TPL)服务商参与的双渠道乳制品供应链中,考虑到乳制品新鲜度受到制造商加工水平和TPL服务商物流服务水平的共同影响,构建分散式、集中式以及引入基于二部定价的成本共担契约下的微分博弈模型,求解并比较3种情形下供应链成员的最优均衡策略.研究表明:一定条件下,基于二部定价的成本共担契约能够使制造商加工水平、TPL服务商物流服务水平以及供应链整体收益均达到集中式决策下的情形,而且制造商、零售商和TPL服务商的收益相较于分散式决策都能得到帕累托改善,供应链能够实现完美协调;线上或线下渠道乳制品的零售价与该渠道所占的市场份额及渠道间的价格替代系数正相关;消费者的参考效应能够激励制造商和TPL服务商提高各自的努力水平,使供应链收益增加.展开更多
Numerical simulations of nanoparticle migration in a fully developed turbulent pipe flow are performed.The evolution of particle number concentration,total particle mass,polydispersity,particle diameter and geometric ...Numerical simulations of nanoparticle migration in a fully developed turbulent pipe flow are performed.The evolution of particle number concentration,total particle mass,polydispersity,particle diameter and geometric standard deviation is obtained by using a moment method to approximate the particle general dynamic equation.The effects of Schmidt number and Damkhler number on the evolution of the particle parameters are analyzed.The results show that nanoparticles move to the pipe center.The particle number concentration and total particle mass are distributed non-uniformly along the radial direction.In an initially monodisperse particle field,the particle clusters with various sizes will be produced because of coagulation.As time progresses,the particle cluster diameter grows from an initial value at different rates depending on the radial position.The largest particle clusters are found in the pipe center.The particle cluster number concentration and total particle mass decrease with the increase of Schmidt number in the region near the pipe center,and the particles with lower Schmidt number are of many dif-ferent sizes,i.e.more polydispersity.The particle cluster diameter and geometric standard deviation increase with the increase of Damkhler number at the same radial position.The migration properties for nano-sized particles are different from that for micro-sized particles.展开更多
文摘将消费者对乳制品新鲜度的参考效应引入第三方物流(third party logistics,TPL)服务商参与的双渠道乳制品供应链中,考虑到乳制品新鲜度受到制造商加工水平和TPL服务商物流服务水平的共同影响,构建分散式、集中式以及引入基于二部定价的成本共担契约下的微分博弈模型,求解并比较3种情形下供应链成员的最优均衡策略.研究表明:一定条件下,基于二部定价的成本共担契约能够使制造商加工水平、TPL服务商物流服务水平以及供应链整体收益均达到集中式决策下的情形,而且制造商、零售商和TPL服务商的收益相较于分散式决策都能得到帕累托改善,供应链能够实现完美协调;线上或线下渠道乳制品的零售价与该渠道所占的市场份额及渠道间的价格替代系数正相关;消费者的参考效应能够激励制造商和TPL服务商提高各自的努力水平,使供应链收益增加.
基金Supported by the Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11132008)
文摘Numerical simulations of nanoparticle migration in a fully developed turbulent pipe flow are performed.The evolution of particle number concentration,total particle mass,polydispersity,particle diameter and geometric standard deviation is obtained by using a moment method to approximate the particle general dynamic equation.The effects of Schmidt number and Damkhler number on the evolution of the particle parameters are analyzed.The results show that nanoparticles move to the pipe center.The particle number concentration and total particle mass are distributed non-uniformly along the radial direction.In an initially monodisperse particle field,the particle clusters with various sizes will be produced because of coagulation.As time progresses,the particle cluster diameter grows from an initial value at different rates depending on the radial position.The largest particle clusters are found in the pipe center.The particle cluster number concentration and total particle mass decrease with the increase of Schmidt number in the region near the pipe center,and the particles with lower Schmidt number are of many dif-ferent sizes,i.e.more polydispersity.The particle cluster diameter and geometric standard deviation increase with the increase of Damkhler number at the same radial position.The migration properties for nano-sized particles are different from that for micro-sized particles.
