Objective To develop a nationally acceptable blood pressure(BP)reference standards for the diagnosis and evaluation of hypertension in children and adolescents in China.Methods The current study was based on the data ...Objective To develop a nationally acceptable blood pressure(BP)reference standards for the diagnosis and evaluation of hypertension in children and adolescents in China.Methods The current study was based on the data from eleven large-scale cross-sectional BP surveys in China's Mainland since 2001,the survey sites were representative of national geographical distribution including four municipalities(Beijing,Shanghai,Tianjin,Chongqing)and seven provinces(Hunan,Liaoning,Hebei,Zhejiang,Guangxi,Xinqiang and Guangdong).The surveys which met the following selection criteria were involved to form the reference population sample and pooled database:1)Subjects were Han nationality and their ages were from 3 to 18 years old;2)BP levels were measured by auscultation using standard sphygmomanometer and recorded as Korotkoff phase 1(SBP),Korotkoff phase 4(DBP-K4)and/or Korotkoff phase 5(DBP-K5);3)All surveyors were trained before investigations and standard quality control was implemented throughout the BP measuring process;4)Basic variables,except BPs,were at least included but not limited to age,sex,nationality,height and weight.Totally 112 227 subjects(56 912 males accounting for 50.7%)were enrolled in the reference population sample in this study.SPSS 13.0 software was used to do the descriptive statistical analysis.Centile curves for SBP,DBP-K4 and DBP-K5 were drawn by sex using LMS method.Z scores of Height and BMI were calculated based on the data from the Chinese National Survey on Constitution and Health(CNSCH)in schoolchildren in 2005 to evaluate the nutrition status and development level of the reference population.Results The reference population had an optimal representation of Chinese Han children and adolescents.The resulting curves provided specific cut off points based on age and sex for the diagnosis of high normal BP,hypertension and severe hypertension,respectively.Given the best approach for blood pressure measurement in children and adolescents remained controversial,especially on the choice of K4 or K5展开更多
目的 了解天津市发育性髋关节异常（developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH）的流行病学特征,探讨适合我国国情的早期筛查方法和模式.方法 由天津市16个区县妇幼机构和市妇女儿童保健中心分别对所有出生后6周婴儿采用B超实施双侧髋关...目的 了解天津市发育性髋关节异常（developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH）的流行病学特征,探讨适合我国国情的早期筛查方法和模式.方法 由天津市16个区县妇幼机构和市妇女儿童保健中心分别对所有出生后6周婴儿采用B超实施双侧髋关节的初筛和复筛,可疑或异常者转诊至天津医院.由小儿骨科医师对转诊患儿进行临床检查（外展试验、Ortolani或Barlow试验）,并对B超可疑患儿拍摄骨盆正位X线片,以进一步确诊.结果 2009年12月26日至2010年12月25日,共对94443例婴儿实施髋关节B超筛查,筛查率为85.28%.136例（165髋）B超检查可疑患儿和168例（200髋）B超检查异常患儿转诊至天津医院.可疑患儿中10例（11髋）Ortolani或Barlow试验阳性,73例（84髋）骨盆正位X线片显示髋臼发育不良,最终有251例（295髋）确诊为DDH.男孩40例,女孩211例;女孩、左侧以及秋冬季出生的婴儿多发.确诊DDH的295髋中238髋有临床检查阳性.天津地区DDH的发病率是2.66‰（251/94443）.结论 天津市采取的对出生后6周婴儿的初筛-复筛-确诊模式,实现了对DDH的早发现、早诊断.耐心细致的临床检查和必要的X线检查,对确诊DDH有重要作用.展开更多
文摘Objective To develop a nationally acceptable blood pressure(BP)reference standards for the diagnosis and evaluation of hypertension in children and adolescents in China.Methods The current study was based on the data from eleven large-scale cross-sectional BP surveys in China's Mainland since 2001,the survey sites were representative of national geographical distribution including four municipalities(Beijing,Shanghai,Tianjin,Chongqing)and seven provinces(Hunan,Liaoning,Hebei,Zhejiang,Guangxi,Xinqiang and Guangdong).The surveys which met the following selection criteria were involved to form the reference population sample and pooled database:1)Subjects were Han nationality and their ages were from 3 to 18 years old;2)BP levels were measured by auscultation using standard sphygmomanometer and recorded as Korotkoff phase 1(SBP),Korotkoff phase 4(DBP-K4)and/or Korotkoff phase 5(DBP-K5);3)All surveyors were trained before investigations and standard quality control was implemented throughout the BP measuring process;4)Basic variables,except BPs,were at least included but not limited to age,sex,nationality,height and weight.Totally 112 227 subjects(56 912 males accounting for 50.7%)were enrolled in the reference population sample in this study.SPSS 13.0 software was used to do the descriptive statistical analysis.Centile curves for SBP,DBP-K4 and DBP-K5 were drawn by sex using LMS method.Z scores of Height and BMI were calculated based on the data from the Chinese National Survey on Constitution and Health(CNSCH)in schoolchildren in 2005 to evaluate the nutrition status and development level of the reference population.Results The reference population had an optimal representation of Chinese Han children and adolescents.The resulting curves provided specific cut off points based on age and sex for the diagnosis of high normal BP,hypertension and severe hypertension,respectively.Given the best approach for blood pressure measurement in children and adolescents remained controversial,especially on the choice of K4 or K5
文摘目的 了解天津市发育性髋关节异常（developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH）的流行病学特征,探讨适合我国国情的早期筛查方法和模式.方法 由天津市16个区县妇幼机构和市妇女儿童保健中心分别对所有出生后6周婴儿采用B超实施双侧髋关节的初筛和复筛,可疑或异常者转诊至天津医院.由小儿骨科医师对转诊患儿进行临床检查（外展试验、Ortolani或Barlow试验）,并对B超可疑患儿拍摄骨盆正位X线片,以进一步确诊.结果 2009年12月26日至2010年12月25日,共对94443例婴儿实施髋关节B超筛查,筛查率为85.28%.136例（165髋）B超检查可疑患儿和168例（200髋）B超检查异常患儿转诊至天津医院.可疑患儿中10例（11髋）Ortolani或Barlow试验阳性,73例（84髋）骨盆正位X线片显示髋臼发育不良,最终有251例（295髋）确诊为DDH.男孩40例,女孩211例;女孩、左侧以及秋冬季出生的婴儿多发.确诊DDH的295髋中238髋有临床检查阳性.天津地区DDH的发病率是2.66‰（251/94443）.结论 天津市采取的对出生后6周婴儿的初筛-复筛-确诊模式,实现了对DDH的早发现、早诊断.耐心细致的临床检查和必要的X线检查,对确诊DDH有重要作用.
