Archaeological and ancient DNA studies revealed that Shandong,a multi-culture center in northern coastal China,was home to ancient populations having ancestry related to both northern and southern East Asian populatio...Archaeological and ancient DNA studies revealed that Shandong,a multi-culture center in northern coastal China,was home to ancient populations having ancestry related to both northern and southern East Asian populations.However,the limited temporal and geographical range of previous studies have been insufficient to describe the population history of this region in greater detail.Here,we report the analysis of 86 complete mitochondrial genomes from the remains of 9500 to 1800-year-old humans from12 archaeological sites across Shandong.For samples older than 4600 years before present(BP),we found haplogroups D4,D5,B4 c1,and B5 b2,which are observed in present-day northern and southern East Asians.For samples younger than 4600 BP,haplogroups C(C7 a1 and C7 b),M9(M9 a1),and F(F1 a1,F2 a,and F4 a1)begin to appear,indicating changes in the Shandong maternal genetic structure starting from the beginning of the Longshan cultural period.Within Shandong,the genetic exchange is possible between the coastal and inland regions after 3100 BP.We also discovered the B5 b2 lineage in Shandong populations,with the oldest Bianbian individual likely related to the ancestors of some East Asians and North Asians.By reconstructing a maternal genetic structure of Shandong populations,we provide greater resolution of the population dynamics of the northern coastal East Asia over the past nine thousand years.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41672021,41925009,91731303,and 41630102)“Research on the Roots of Chinese Civilization”of Zhengzhou University(XKZDJC202006)+4 种基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB26000000,XDA1905010,and QYZDB-SSW-DQC003)the Tencent Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZEthe Howard Hughes Medical Institute(55008731)the National Social Science Foundation of China(15CKG013)the Shandong University Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation Team of Young Scholars(2020QNQT018)。
文摘Archaeological and ancient DNA studies revealed that Shandong,a multi-culture center in northern coastal China,was home to ancient populations having ancestry related to both northern and southern East Asian populations.However,the limited temporal and geographical range of previous studies have been insufficient to describe the population history of this region in greater detail.Here,we report the analysis of 86 complete mitochondrial genomes from the remains of 9500 to 1800-year-old humans from12 archaeological sites across Shandong.For samples older than 4600 years before present(BP),we found haplogroups D4,D5,B4 c1,and B5 b2,which are observed in present-day northern and southern East Asians.For samples younger than 4600 BP,haplogroups C(C7 a1 and C7 b),M9(M9 a1),and F(F1 a1,F2 a,and F4 a1)begin to appear,indicating changes in the Shandong maternal genetic structure starting from the beginning of the Longshan cultural period.Within Shandong,the genetic exchange is possible between the coastal and inland regions after 3100 BP.We also discovered the B5 b2 lineage in Shandong populations,with the oldest Bianbian individual likely related to the ancestors of some East Asians and North Asians.By reconstructing a maternal genetic structure of Shandong populations,we provide greater resolution of the population dynamics of the northern coastal East Asia over the past nine thousand years.
