In this paper, a heavy sea fog episode that occurred over the Yellow Sea on 9 March 2005 is investigated. The sea fog patch, with a spatial scale of several hundred kilometers at its mature stage, reduced visibility a...In this paper, a heavy sea fog episode that occurred over the Yellow Sea on 9 March 2005 is investigated. The sea fog patch, with a spatial scale of several hundred kilometers at its mature stage, reduced visibility along the Shandong Peninsula coast to 100 m or much less at some sites. Satellite images, surface observations and soundings at islands and coasts, and analyses from the Japan Meteorology Agency （JMA） axe used to describe and analyze this event. The analysis indicates that this sea fog can be categorized as advection cooling fog. The main features of this sea fog including fog area and its movement axe reasonably reproduced by the Fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University/National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model （MM5）. Model results suggest that the formation and evolution of this event can be outlined as： （1） southerly warm/moist advection of low-level air resulted in a strong sea-surface-based inversion with a thickness of about 600 m; （2） when the inversion moved from the warmer East Sea to the colder Yellow Sea, a thermal internal boundary layer （TIBL） gradually formed at the base of the inversion while the sea fog grew in response to cooling and moistening by turbulence mixing; （3） the sea fog developed as the TIBL moved northward and （4） strong northerly cold and dry wind destroyed the TIBL and dissipated the sea fog. The principal findings of this study axe that sea fog forms in response to relatively persistent southerly waxm/moist wind and a cold sea surface, and that turbulence mixing by wind shear is the primary mechanism for the cooling and moistening the marine layer. In addition, the study of sensitivity experiments indicates that deterministic numerical modeling offers a promising approach to the prediction of sea fog over the Yellow Sea but it may be more efficient to consider ensemble numerical modeling because of the extreme sensitivity to model input.展开更多
基于WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)模式及其杂合三维变分(Hybird-3DVAR)同化模块,对2006年3月发生的一次大范围黄海海雾进行了集合预报尝试。详细分析了其预报效果,并与决定性预报结果作了比较。研究揭示:集合预报50%概率雾区...基于WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)模式及其杂合三维变分(Hybird-3DVAR)同化模块,对2006年3月发生的一次大范围黄海海雾进行了集合预报尝试。详细分析了其预报效果,并与决定性预报结果作了比较。研究揭示:集合预报50%概率雾区预报的公正预兆得分(Equitable threat score,ETS)优于决定性预报大约29%;集合预报中加入海温扰动非常必要,对浓雾预报改善作用明显,ETS提高至少10%;在集合预报中混用YSU与MYNN边界层方案的做法,可以降低只使用其中之一可能导致的预报误差。研究表明,借助Hybrid-3DVAR开展黄海海雾的集合预报技术上可行,集合预报将成为黄海海雾数值预报的一种有希望的途径。展开更多
文摘In this paper, a heavy sea fog episode that occurred over the Yellow Sea on 9 March 2005 is investigated. The sea fog patch, with a spatial scale of several hundred kilometers at its mature stage, reduced visibility along the Shandong Peninsula coast to 100 m or much less at some sites. Satellite images, surface observations and soundings at islands and coasts, and analyses from the Japan Meteorology Agency （JMA） axe used to describe and analyze this event. The analysis indicates that this sea fog can be categorized as advection cooling fog. The main features of this sea fog including fog area and its movement axe reasonably reproduced by the Fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University/National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model （MM5）. Model results suggest that the formation and evolution of this event can be outlined as： （1） southerly warm/moist advection of low-level air resulted in a strong sea-surface-based inversion with a thickness of about 600 m; （2） when the inversion moved from the warmer East Sea to the colder Yellow Sea, a thermal internal boundary layer （TIBL） gradually formed at the base of the inversion while the sea fog grew in response to cooling and moistening by turbulence mixing; （3） the sea fog developed as the TIBL moved northward and （4） strong northerly cold and dry wind destroyed the TIBL and dissipated the sea fog. The principal findings of this study axe that sea fog forms in response to relatively persistent southerly waxm/moist wind and a cold sea surface, and that turbulence mixing by wind shear is the primary mechanism for the cooling and moistening the marine layer. In addition, the study of sensitivity experiments indicates that deterministic numerical modeling offers a promising approach to the prediction of sea fog over the Yellow Sea but it may be more efficient to consider ensemble numerical modeling because of the extreme sensitivity to model input.
文摘基于WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)模式及其杂合三维变分(Hybird-3DVAR)同化模块,对2006年3月发生的一次大范围黄海海雾进行了集合预报尝试。详细分析了其预报效果,并与决定性预报结果作了比较。研究揭示:集合预报50%概率雾区预报的公正预兆得分(Equitable threat score,ETS)优于决定性预报大约29%;集合预报中加入海温扰动非常必要,对浓雾预报改善作用明显,ETS提高至少10%;在集合预报中混用YSU与MYNN边界层方案的做法,可以降低只使用其中之一可能导致的预报误差。研究表明,借助Hybrid-3DVAR开展黄海海雾的集合预报技术上可行,集合预报将成为黄海海雾数值预报的一种有希望的途径。
