Hierarchically porous metal-organic frameworks(H-MOFs)with micro-,meso-and macropores have emerged as a popular class of crystalline porous materials that have attracted extensive interests,and they have been studied ...Hierarchically porous metal-organic frameworks(H-MOFs)with micro-,meso-and macropores have emerged as a popular class of crystalline porous materials that have attracted extensive interests,and they have been studied in diverse applications,especially in heterogeneous catalysis.The hierarchical structures enable sufficient diffusion and accessibility to the active sites of the molecules and permit the encapsulation of catalytic guest molecules to exploit more possibilities with enhanced catalytic performance.In this review,we have summarized the recent representative developments of H-MOFs in the field of heterogeneous catalysis,which includes oxidation reaction,hydrogenation reaction,and condensation reaction.Emphasis is placed on the multiple functions of hierarchical structures,and the catalytic activity,selectivity,stability,recyclability,etc.of the industrial utility of H-MOFs.Finally,the prospects and challenges of H-MOFs in heterogeneous catalysis and the remaining issues in this field are presented.展开更多
Although metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)show numerous advantages over other crystalline materials,their industrial relevances have been impeded owing to their many drawbacks such as environmental impacts and economic c...Although metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)show numerous advantages over other crystalline materials,their industrial relevances have been impeded owing to their many drawbacks such as environmental impacts and economic costs of their synthesis.A green preparation pathway could greatly reduce the environmental costs,energy,and the need for toxic organic solvents,and consequently reduce the production cost.Thus,the most desirable synthesis route is the replacement of harsh organic solvents with aqueous solutions to abate environmental and economic impacts.This review summarizes recent research advancements of water-based routes for MOF synthesis and gives a brief outline of the most prominent examples.The challenges and prospects of the commercialization of promising MOFs in the future are also presented.This study aims to offer necessary information regarding the green,sustainable,and industrially acceptable fabrication of MOFs for their commercial applications in the future.展开更多
Although considerable achievements have been realized in recent years with respect to the syntheses of metal–organic frameworks(MOFs),majority of the developed MOFs are in the form of polydisperse microcrystalline po...Although considerable achievements have been realized in recent years with respect to the syntheses of metal–organic frameworks(MOFs),majority of the developed MOFs are in the form of polydisperse microcrystalline powders,which cause dustiness,abrasion,and clogging and decrease pressure when used in industrial applications.Monolithic MOFs overcome these drawbacks and exhibit various promising characteristics.In this review,we present the recent advances associated with monolithic MOFs based on metal centers and a brief outline of the most prominent examples.Furthermore,the challenges and prospects associated with monolithic MOFs in terms of large-scale production and engineering applicability are analyzed based on our knowledge to conclude this review.展开更多
1980年至1987年在武汉市中科院水生生物研究所鱼类养殖场采到一种寄生于草鱼(Ctnopharyngodon idellus)腹腔中的线虫,经鉴定为契氏斯线虫(Skrjabillanus schiginiTikhomirova et Rodometova,1975),系国内新记录。只发现雌虫,体长14.50—...1980年至1987年在武汉市中科院水生生物研究所鱼类养殖场采到一种寄生于草鱼(Ctnopharyngodon idellus)腹腔中的线虫,经鉴定为契氏斯线虫(Skrjabillanus schiginiTikhomirova et Rodometova,1975),系国内新记录。只发现雌虫,体长14.50—21.80mm(n=3),体宽0.05—0.07mm(n=3)。食管长0.34—0.50mm。头部具一对大的化感器。尾端具三个角皮突起。神经环距头端约0.16mm(n=1)。子宫占据整个假体腔,阴门距头端1.21—1.75mm(n=2)。子宫内幼虫长0.14—0.16mm,宽约0.01mm(n=5)。作者所采标本较和(1975)原始描述(11.5—15.0mm长,0.028—0.035mm宽)为大,寄生部位亦不同。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22008032,12105048,and 22078104)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2019A1515110706 and 2020A1515110817)+5 种基金the Science and Technology Key Project of Guangdong Province,China(2020B010188002)the Special Innovation Projects of Universities in Guangdong Province(2018KTSCX240)the Innovation Team of Universities in Guangdong Province(2020KCXTD011)the Engineering Research Center of Universities in Guangdong Province(2019GCZX002)Guangdong Key Laboratory for Hydrogen Energy Technologies(2018B030322005)Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology(GC202111)。
文摘Hierarchically porous metal-organic frameworks(H-MOFs)with micro-,meso-and macropores have emerged as a popular class of crystalline porous materials that have attracted extensive interests,and they have been studied in diverse applications,especially in heterogeneous catalysis.The hierarchical structures enable sufficient diffusion and accessibility to the active sites of the molecules and permit the encapsulation of catalytic guest molecules to exploit more possibilities with enhanced catalytic performance.In this review,we have summarized the recent representative developments of H-MOFs in the field of heterogeneous catalysis,which includes oxidation reaction,hydrogenation reaction,and condensation reaction.Emphasis is placed on the multiple functions of hierarchical structures,and the catalytic activity,selectivity,stability,recyclability,etc.of the industrial utility of H-MOFs.Finally,the prospects and challenges of H-MOFs in heterogeneous catalysis and the remaining issues in this field are presented.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21576094,21776097 and 51678245)Guangdong Natural Science Foundation(2017A030313052 and 2019A1515011121)+1 种基金Guangzhou Science&Technology Project(201804010219)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Although metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)show numerous advantages over other crystalline materials,their industrial relevances have been impeded owing to their many drawbacks such as environmental impacts and economic costs of their synthesis.A green preparation pathway could greatly reduce the environmental costs,energy,and the need for toxic organic solvents,and consequently reduce the production cost.Thus,the most desirable synthesis route is the replacement of harsh organic solvents with aqueous solutions to abate environmental and economic impacts.This review summarizes recent research advancements of water-based routes for MOF synthesis and gives a brief outline of the most prominent examples.The challenges and prospects of the commercialization of promising MOFs in the future are also presented.This study aims to offer necessary information regarding the green,sustainable,and industrially acceptable fabrication of MOFs for their commercial applications in the future.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22008032 and 22078104)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2019A1515110706)+6 种基金Guangdong Natural Science Foundation (2017A030313052 and 2019A1515011121)the Key Project of Department of Education of Guangdong Province (2016GCZX008)the National Key Research and Development Program (2019YFC1805804)the Innovation Team of Universities in Guangdong Province (2020KCXTD011)the Engineering Research Center of Universities in Guangdong Province (2019GCZX002)the Guangdong Key Laboratory for Hydrogen Energy Technologies (2018B030322005)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘Although considerable achievements have been realized in recent years with respect to the syntheses of metal–organic frameworks(MOFs),majority of the developed MOFs are in the form of polydisperse microcrystalline powders,which cause dustiness,abrasion,and clogging and decrease pressure when used in industrial applications.Monolithic MOFs overcome these drawbacks and exhibit various promising characteristics.In this review,we present the recent advances associated with monolithic MOFs based on metal centers and a brief outline of the most prominent examples.Furthermore,the challenges and prospects associated with monolithic MOFs in terms of large-scale production and engineering applicability are analyzed based on our knowledge to conclude this review.
文摘1980年至1987年在武汉市中科院水生生物研究所鱼类养殖场采到一种寄生于草鱼(Ctnopharyngodon idellus)腹腔中的线虫,经鉴定为契氏斯线虫(Skrjabillanus schiginiTikhomirova et Rodometova,1975),系国内新记录。只发现雌虫,体长14.50—21.80mm(n=3),体宽0.05—0.07mm(n=3)。食管长0.34—0.50mm。头部具一对大的化感器。尾端具三个角皮突起。神经环距头端约0.16mm(n=1)。子宫占据整个假体腔,阴门距头端1.21—1.75mm(n=2)。子宫内幼虫长0.14—0.16mm,宽约0.01mm(n=5)。作者所采标本较和(1975)原始描述(11.5—15.0mm长,0.028—0.035mm宽)为大,寄生部位亦不同。
