Acupuncture at Shuigou（GV26） shows good clinical efficacy for treating stroke, but its mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, a cerebral infarction model of ischemia/reperfusion injury received electroa...Acupuncture at Shuigou（GV26） shows good clinical efficacy for treating stroke, but its mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, a cerebral infarction model of ischemia/reperfusion injury received electroacupuncture at GV26（15 Hz and 1 m A, continuous wave [biphasic pulses], for 5 minutes）. Electroacupuncture effectively promoted regional cerebral blood flow on the infarct and non-infarct sides, increased infarct lesions, lectin, and number of blood vessels, upregulated von Willebrand factor and cell proliferation marker Ki67 expression, and diminished neurological severity score. These findings confirm that electroacupuncture at GV26 promotes establishment of collateral circulation and angiogenesis, and improves neurological function.展开更多
In a smog chamber, the photooxidation of toluene was initiated by hydroxyl radical （OH.） under different experimental conditions. The size distribution of secondary organic aerosol（SOA） particles from the above re...In a smog chamber, the photooxidation of toluene was initiated by hydroxyl radical （OH.） under different experimental conditions. The size distribution of secondary organic aerosol（SOA） particles from the above reaction was measured using aerodynamic particle sizer spectrometer. It was found from our experimental results that the number of SOA particles increased with increasing the concentration of toluene. As the reaction time prolonged, the sum of SOA particles was also increased. After a reaction time of 130 min, the concentration of secondary organic aerosol particles would be kept constant at 2300 particles/cm^3. Increasing illumination power of blacklamps could significantly induce a higher concentration of secondary organic aerosol particle. The density of SOA particles would also be increased with increasing concentration of CH30NO, however, it would be decreased as soon as the concentration of CH30NO was larger than 225.2 ppm. Nitrogen oxide with initial concentration higher than 30. 1 ppm was also found to have little effect on the formation of secondary organic aerosol.展开更多
Background Although it is recognized that bronchial smooth muscle cells （BSMCs） play a key role. in airway remodeling during chronic asthma, it is not well understood how BSMCs exert their inflammatory functions. Th...Background Although it is recognized that bronchial smooth muscle cells （BSMCs） play a key role. in airway remodeling during chronic asthma, it is not well understood how BSMCs exert their inflammatory functions. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 （ERK1/2） signaling pathway is an important signaling pathway in chronic asthma but its influence on secretion by BSMCs has not been well-studied. We investigated the impact of ERK1/2 signaling pathway on secretion by BSMCs in a rat model of chronic asthma in this study. Methods To create a rat model of chronic asthma, Wistar rats underwent ovalbumim （OVA） injection and eight weeks of inhalation. BSMCs were isolated and cultured in vitro. Epidermal growth factor, PD98059 and ERK1/2 antisense oligonucleotide were used to explore the role of ERK1/2 signaling pathway. The expression of P-ERK1/2 （phospho-ERK1/2） in BSMCs was analyzed by Western blot and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. Secretion of BSMCs was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Results Phospho-ERK1/2 expression was increased in BSMCs of chronic asthmatic rats compared with the controls. PD98059 inhibited expression of phospho-ERK1/2 protein, while treatment with an antisense oligonucleotide inhibited the expression of P-ERK1/2 mRNA and protein. BSMCs obtained from the chronic asthma group secreted significantly greater quantities of growth factors （transforming growth factor （TGF）-β1, vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） and connective tissue growth factor （CTGF））, cytokines （regulated upon activation, normal T cell-expressed and secreted （RANTES） and eotaxin）, and extracellular matrix （fibronectin and collagen I） compared with normal controls. Epidermal growth factor stimulated secretion in both groups, but the response of the chronic asthma group was more intense. Both PD98059 and antisense oligonucleotide suppressed secretion by BSMCs in chronic ashmatic rats. Antisense oligonucleotide reduced t展开更多
Background The potential application of retinoic acid receptor activators, such as all trans-retinoic acid （ATRA）, for treating various cancers have been studied both pre-clinically and clinically. Whether ATRA has ...Background The potential application of retinoic acid receptor activators, such as all trans-retinoic acid （ATRA）, for treating various cancers have been studied both pre-clinically and clinically. Whether ATRA has an anticancer effect on human esophageal squamous cancer cell （ESCC） is still unknown. We have explored the anticancer effect of ATRA in ESCC, and in this study, the effects of ATRA on levels and patterns of expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） signal transduction pathway in transplantable tumor growth of the human ESCC cell line, EC9706, in nude mice. Methods The animal model of the ESCC xenograft was made by subcutaneous implantation of tumor cells into nude mice. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）, Western blotting and immunohistochemical assays were used to detect the expression of the VEGF signal transduction pathway in ESCC xenograft tissues. Results Compared to the control group, the tumor inhibition rates in the low dose ATRA, high dose ATRA, and 5-FU groups were 83.21%, 88.32%, 91.02%, respectively. The protein and mRNA levels of VEGF were down-regulated after being treated with ATRA and 5-FU compared to the control group （P 〈0.05）. The study also revealed that ATRA specifically down-regulated VEGF and the component of the VEGF signal transduction pathway of CD31, CD34, and CD105 （component of the TGF-13 receptor） in ESCC xenograft tissues （P 〈0.05）. Conclusions ATRA can significantly inhibit tumor growth and has anticancer effects on transplantable tumor growth of human ESCC cell line EC9706 in nude mice. These findings indicate that ATRA specifically down regulated VEGF and the components of VEGF signal transduction, which may be an important mechanism responsible for the neoangiogenesis inhibition of ESCC cells.展开更多
The Yalu Tsangpo River basin is a typical semi-arid and cold region in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, where significant climate change has been detected in the past decades. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate h...The Yalu Tsangpo River basin is a typical semi-arid and cold region in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, where significant climate change has been detected in the past decades. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate how the regional vegetation, especially the typical plant types, responds to the climate changes. In this study, the model of gravity center has been firstly introduced to analyze the spatial-temporal relationship between NDVI and climate factors considering the time-lag effect. The results show that the vegetation grown has been positively influenced by the rainfall and precipitation both in moving tracks of gravity center and time-lag effect especially for the growing season during the past thirteen years. The herbs and shrubs are inclined to be influenced by the change of rainfall and temperature, which is indicated by larger positive correlation coefficients at the 0.05 confidence level and shorter lagging time. For the soil moisture, the significantly negative relationship of NDV-PDI indicates that the growth and productivity of the vegetation are closely related to the short-term soil water, with the correlation coefficients reaching the maximum value of o.81 at Lag 0-1. Among the typicalvegetation types of plateau, the shrubs of low mountain, steppe and meadow are more sensitive to the change of soil moisture with coefficients of -0.95, -0.93, -0.92, respectively. These findings reveal that the spatial and temporal heterogeneity between NDVI and climatic factors are of great ecological significance and practical value for the protection of eco-environment in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.展开更多
MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are known to fine-tune growth,development,and stress-induced responses.Osa-miR1873 is a rice-specific miRNA targeting LOC_Os05g01790.Here,we show that Osa-miR1873 fine-tunes rice immunity against Magn...MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are known to fine-tune growth,development,and stress-induced responses.Osa-miR1873 is a rice-specific miRNA targeting LOC_Os05g01790.Here,we show that Osa-miR1873 fine-tunes rice immunity against Magnaporthe oryzae and yield traits via LOC_Os05g01790.Osa-miR1873 was significantly upregulated in a susceptible accession but downregulated in a resistance accession at 24 h post-inoculation(hpi)of M.oryzae.Overexpressing Osa-miR1873 enhanced susceptibility to M.oryzae and compromised induction of defense responses.In contrast,blocking Osa-miR1873 through target mimicry compromised susceptibility to M.oryzae and enhanced induction of defense responses.Altered expression of Osa-miR1873 also resulted in some defects in yield traits,including grain numbers and seed setting rate.Moreover,overexpression of the target gene LOC_Os05g01790 increased rice blast disease resistance but severely penalized growth and yield.Taken together,we demonstrate that Osa-miR1873 fine-tunes the rice immunity-growth trade-off via LOC_Os05g01790,and blocking Osa-miR1873 could improve blast disease resistance without significant yield penalty.Thus,the Osa-miR1873-LOC_Os05g01790 regulatory module is valuable in balancing yield traits and blast resistance.展开更多
Since the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19),it has rapidly spread to 187 countries,causing serious harm to the health of people and a huge social burden.However,currently,drugs...Since the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19),it has rapidly spread to 187 countries,causing serious harm to the health of people and a huge social burden.However,currently,drugs specifically approved for clinical use are not available,except for vaccines against COVID-19 that are being evaluated.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is capable of performing syndrome differentiation and treatment according to the clinical manifestations of patients,and has a better ability of epidemic prevention and control.The authors comprehensively analyzed the etiology and pathogenesis of COVID-19 based on the theory of TCM,and discussed its syndrome differentiation,treatment and prevention measures so as to provide strategies and reference for the prevention and treatment with TCM.展开更多
Grain formation is fundamental for crop yield but is vulnerable to abiotic and biotic stresses.Rice grain production is threatened by the false smut fungus Ustilaginoidea virens,which specifically infects rice floral ...Grain formation is fundamental for crop yield but is vulnerable to abiotic and biotic stresses.Rice grain production is threatened by the false smut fungus Ustilaginoidea virens,which specifically infects rice floral organs,disrupting fertilization and seed formation.However,little is known about the molecular mechanisms of the U.virens-rice interaction and the genetic basis of floral resistance.Here,we report that U.virens secretes a cytoplasmic effector,UvCBP1,to facilitate infection of rice flowers.Mechanistically,UvCBP1 interacts with the rice scaffold protein OsRACK1A and competes its interaction with the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase OsRBOHB,leading to inhibition of reactive oxygen species(ROS)production.Although the analysis of natural variation revealed no OsRACK1A variants that could avoid being targeted by UvCBP1,expression levels of OsRACK1A are correlated with field resistance against U.virens in rice germplasm.Overproduction of OsRACK1A restores the OsRACK1A-OsRBOHB association and promotes OsRBOHB phosphorylation to enhance ROS production,conferring rice floral resistance to U.virens without yield penalty.Taken together,our findings reveal a new pathogenic mechanism mediated by an essential effector from a flower-specific pathogen and provide a valuable genetic resource for balancing disease resistance and crop yield.展开更多
Background Acute myocarditis(AMC)can cause poor outcomes or even death in children.We aimed to identify AMC risk factors and create a mortality prediction model for AMC in children at hospital admission.Methods This w...Background Acute myocarditis(AMC)can cause poor outcomes or even death in children.We aimed to identify AMC risk factors and create a mortality prediction model for AMC in children at hospital admission.Methods This was a single-center retrospective cohort study of AMC children hospitalized between January 2016 and January 2020.The demographics,clinical examinations,types of AMC,and laboratory results were collected at hospital admission.In-hospital survival or death was documented.Clinical characteristics associated with death were evaluated.Results Among 67 children,51 survived,and 16 died.The most common symptom was digestive disorder(67.2%).Based on the Bayesian model averaging and Hosmer–Lemeshow test,we created a final best mortality prediction model(acute myocarditis death risk score,AMCDRS)that included ten variables(male sex,fever,congestive heart failure,left-ventricular ejection fraction<50%,pulmonary edema,ventricular tachycardia,lactic acid value>4,fulminant myocarditis,abnormal creatine kinase-MB,and hypotension).Despite differences in the characteristics of the validation cohort,the model discrimination was only marginally lower,with an AUC of 0.781(95%confidence interval=0.675–0.852)compared with the derivation cohort.Model calibration likewise indicated acceptable fit(Hosmer‒Lemeshow goodness-of-fit,P¼=0.10).Conclusions Multiple factors were associated with increased mortality in children with AMC.The prediction model AMCDRS might be used at hospital admission to accurately identify AMC in children who are at an increased risk of death.展开更多
AIM： To evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravitreal conbercept（IVC） injections as pretreatment for pars plana vitrectomy（PPV） in severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy（PDR）. METHODS： This was a retrosp...AIM： To evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravitreal conbercept（IVC） injections as pretreatment for pars plana vitrectomy（PPV） in severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy（PDR）. METHODS： This was a retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent PPV for PDR from January 2014 to October 2016. Patients who underwent IVC injection before PPV were assigned to the IVC group; the others were assigned to the control group. The IVC was performed 3-7 d before surgery in the IVC group. All the eyes in the two groups were operated by the same doctor to complete the vitrectomy. Intraoperative complications and the changes in best-corrected visual acuity（BCVA） before and after surgery were compared between the two groups. RESULTS： A total of 68 eyes of 63 patients（22 eyes in the IVC group and 46 eyes in the control group） were examined. The risk of intraoperative bleeding was lower in the IVC group（2/22） than in the control group（25/46, P=0.000）. Furthermore, the use of endodiathermy was significantly lower in the IVC group（1/22） than in the control group（12/46, P=0.047）. The surgical time in the IVC group（112.64±34.52 min） was significantly shorter than in the control group（132.85±40.04 min, P〈0.05）. Compared to the BCVA before surgery, the mean BCVA was significantly improved after surgery for both groups（P〈0.05）. CONCLUSION： PPV is an effective treatment and can improve vision in patients with PDR. Preoperative intravitreal injection of conbercept could reduce the chances of intraoperative bleeding and the use of endodiathermy and shorten the operative time, which are beneficial in the management of PDR.展开更多
To understand the levels of potentially toxic elements(PTEs)contamination in soils and their effects on human health from different agricultural land use in Sanya,China.128 soil samples(64 topsoil samples and correspo...To understand the levels of potentially toxic elements(PTEs)contamination in soils and their effects on human health from different agricultural land use in Sanya,China.128 soil samples(64 topsoil samples and corresponding subsoil samples)were collected from the five representative land-use patterns.Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS),Atomic fluorescence spectrometry(AFS),and Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry(ICP-OES)were used to determine the content of PTEs(As,Cd,Hg,Cu,Cr,Ni,Pb,Zn,Co,Mo,Sb,and V).Correlation analysis and factor analysis were used to determine the source of PTEs.Geo-accumulation index(I_(geo)),hazard quotient(HQ),and total carcinogenic risk index(TR)were used to measure the PTEs contamination and its relative health impacts.Results showed that the average values of 12 PTEs in topsoil were higher than the Hainan soil geochemical baseline,showing different degrees of PTEs accumulation effect.The concentration of PTEs in the topsoil was lower than those in the subsoil except for Cd and Hg.The I_(geo)revealed that the major accumulated element in soils was As followed by Mo.Source apportionment suggested that parent materials and agricultural practices were the dominant factors for PTEs accumulation in the topsoil.Noncarcinogenic risks of soil samples from five land-use patterns presented a trend of paddy field>dry field>woodland>orchard>garden plot.However,the HQ values of 12 PTEs were less than the recommended limit of HQ=1,representing that there are no non-carcinogenic risks of PTEs for children and adults in the study area.The TR values are within 6.95×10^(-6)-1.38×10^(-5),which corresponds to the low level.Therefore the PTEs in the agricultural soil of the study area show little influence on the health status of the local population.展开更多
A low-cost eco-friendly aqueous foam,especially the robust foam with great tolerance to high salinity and high temperature,is in great demand in the oil industry,e.g.,oil and gas well or geothermal well drilling.Herei...A low-cost eco-friendly aqueous foam,especially the robust foam with great tolerance to high salinity and high temperature,is in great demand in the oil industry,e.g.,oil and gas well or geothermal well drilling.Herein,an ultra-stable aqueous foam was developed using the biodegradable cellulose microfiber(CMF)as a foam stabilizer.The foam stabilized by CMF shows excellent tolerance to the high concentration of NaCl(6.0 wt%)and CaCl_(2)(0.25 wt%)and the related drainage half-life times(T_(0.5))reach 1750 and 2340 s respectively.By contrast,the foams without CMF are completely drained(T_(0.5)=0 s)when NaCl concentration is greater than 6.0 wt%or CaCl_(2) concentration is greater than 0.20 wt%.Notably,T0.5 of the foams stabilized by CMF at these saline concentrations still can maintain above 1000 s even after aging at 120℃ for 16 h,exhibiting an outstanding foam-stabilizing performance at high temperature.Experimental results suggest that the salt and high-temperature tolerance of CMF in foam stabilization is attributed to the electrically uncharged surfaces,the formation of a gel-like structure and the excellent thermal stability.This work not only provides a promising candidate of aqueous foam stabilizer to deal with high temperature and high salinity but also presents a natural-based solution for an environmentally friendly drilling industry in the future.展开更多
Characterizing the three-dimensional (3D) morphological alterations of microvessels under both normal and seizure conditions is crucial for a better understanding of epilepsy. However, conventional imaging techniques ...Characterizing the three-dimensional (3D) morphological alterations of microvessels under both normal and seizure conditions is crucial for a better understanding of epilepsy. However, conventional imaging techniques cannot detect microvessels on micron/sub-micron scales without angiography. In this study, synchrotron radiation(SR)-based X-ray in-line phase-contrast imaging (ILPCI)and quantitative 3D characterization were used to acquire high-resolution, high-contrast images of rat brain tissue under both normal and seizure conditions. The number of blood microvessels was markedly increased on days 1 and 14, but decreased on day 60 after seizures. The surface area, diameter distribution, mean tortuosity, and number of bifurcations and network segments also showed similar trends. These pathological changes were confirmed by histological tests. Thus, SR-based ILPCI provides systematic and detailed views of cerebrovascular anatomy at the micron level without using contrast-enhancing agents. This holds considerable promise for better diagnosis and understanding of the pathogenesis and development of epilepsy.展开更多
BACKGROUND As a cellular mode of therapy,bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)are used to treat stroke.However,their mechanisms in stroke treatment have not been established.Recent evidence suggests that regulatio...BACKGROUND As a cellular mode of therapy,bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)are used to treat stroke.However,their mechanisms in stroke treatment have not been established.Recent evidence suggests that regulation of dysregulated gut flora after stroke affects stroke outcomes.AIM To investigate the effects of BMSCs on gut microbiota after ischemic stroke.METHODS A total of 30 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups,including sham operation control group,transient middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)group,and MCAO with BMSC treatment group.The modified Neurological Severity Score(mNSS),beam walking test,and Morris water maze test were used to evaluate neurological function recovery after BMSC transplantation.Nissl staining was performed to elucidate on the pathology of nerve cells in the hippocampus.Feces from each group of rats were collected and analyzed by 16s rDNA sequencing.RESULTS BMSC transplantation significantly reduced mNSS(P<0.01).Rats performed better in the beam walking test in the BMSC group than in the MCAO group(P<0.01).The Morris water maze test revealed that the BMSC treatment group exhibited a significant improvement in learning and memory.Nissl staining for neuronal damage assessment after stroke showed that in the BMSC group,cells were orderly arranged with significantly reduced necrosis.Moreover,BMSCs regulated microbial structure composition.In rats treated with BMSCs,the abundance of potential short-chain fatty acid producing bacteria and Lactobacillus was increased.CONCLUSION BMSC transplantation is a potential therapeutic option for ischemic stroke,and it promotes neurological functions by regulating gut microbiota dysbiosis.展开更多
In this paper we introduce the concept of two-parameterB-valued strong martingales and investigate some features of these strong martingales. We also characterizep-smoothable Banach spaces in terms of these strong mar...In this paper we introduce the concept of two-parameterB-valued strong martingales and investigate some features of these strong martingales. We also characterizep-smoothable Banach spaces in terms of these strong martingales.展开更多
The genus Trigonotis comprises nearly 60 species mainly distributed in East and Southeast Asia.China has the largest number of Trigonotis species in the world,with a total of 44 species,of which 38 are endemic.Nutlet ...The genus Trigonotis comprises nearly 60 species mainly distributed in East and Southeast Asia.China has the largest number of Trigonotis species in the world,with a total of 44 species,of which 38 are endemic.Nutlet morphology is useful for the taxonomic delimitation of Trigonotis.However,there are still controversial circumscriptions of nutlet shape in some species.In previous studies,interspecies phylogenetic relationships were inferred using few DNA markers and very few taxa,which possibly led to erroneous or incomplete conclusions.In this study,the nutlet morphology of 39 Trigonotis taxa and the characteristics of 34 complete chloroplast genomes(29 taxa)were investigated and analyzed.Then,the phylogenetic relationships were discussed within this genus based on complete chloroplast genomes.To the best of our knowledge,this study is the first comprehensive analysis of nutlet morphology and complete chloroplast genome of Trigonotis.Based on nutlet morphology,Trigonotis can be divided into two groups:Group 1,hemispherical or oblique tetrahedron with carpopodiums,and Group 2,inverted tetrahedron without carpopodiums.The chloroplast genome of Trigonotis exhibited a typical quadripartite structure,including 84-86 protein-coding,37 transfer RNA,and 8 ribosomal RNA genes,with a total length of 147,247-148,986 bp.Genes in the junctions were well conserved in Trigonotis,similar to those in other Boraginaceae s.str.species.Furthermore,Trigonotis chloroplast genomes showed relatively high diversity,with more conserved genic regions than intergenic regions;in addition,we detected 14 hot spots(Pi>0.005)in non-coding regions.Phylogenetic analyses based on chloroplast genome data identified highly resolved relationships between Trigonotis species.Specifically,Trigonotis was divided into two clades with strong support:one clade included species with hemispherical or oblique tetrahedron nutlets with carpopodiums and bracts,whereas the other clade included species with inverted tetrahedron nutlets without carpopodiums or bracts展开更多
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death worldwide,and effective treatment strategies in the chronic phase of this disease remain insufficient.Homeostasis of metals in the brain plays an important role in...Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death worldwide,and effective treatment strategies in the chronic phase of this disease remain insufficient.Homeostasis of metals in the brain plays an important role in maintaining normal brain function.However,the dynamic spatial distributions of iron,zinc,calcium,potassium,and copper in a rat brain following ischemic stroke and the association between structural distribution and function remain to be elucidated.In this study,we used a synchrotron radiation-based micro-X-ray fluorescence technique to image element mapping changes in special rat brain regions after ischemic stroke,showing the distribution characteristics of iron,zinc,calcium,potassium,and copper.We demonstrated,for the first time,the consistent dynamic spatial distributions of metal elements at a series of time points(3 h,4.5 h,6 h,12 h,1 d,3 d,5 d,7 d,10 d,14 d,28 d)after brain ischemia,which revealed that the homeostasis of iron,zinc,calcium,potassium,and copper in the brain was disturbed with distinctive change trends,providing clear insights in understanding the underlying pathogenesis of stroke from a novel perspective,thus laying the foundation of further developing new drug targets for stroke treatment.展开更多
To accelerate the achievement of China’s carbon neutrality goal and to study the factors affecting the geologic CO_(2)storage in the Ordos Basin,China’s National Key R&D Programs propose to select the Chang 6 oi...To accelerate the achievement of China’s carbon neutrality goal and to study the factors affecting the geologic CO_(2)storage in the Ordos Basin,China’s National Key R&D Programs propose to select the Chang 6 oil reservoir of the Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin as the target reservoir to conduct the geologic carbon capture and storage(CCS)of 100000 t per year.By applying the basic theories of disciplines such as seepage mechanics,multiphase fluid mechanics,and computational fluid mechanics and quantifying the amounts of CO_(2)captured in gas and dissolved forms,this study investigated the effects of seven factors that influence the CO_(2)storage capacity of reservoirs,namely reservoir porosity,horizontal permeability,temperature,formation stress,the ratio of vertical to horizontal permeability,capillary pressure,and residual gas saturation.The results show that the sensitivity of the factors affecting the gas capture capacity of CO_(2)decreases in the order of formation stress,temperature,residual gas saturation,horizontal permeability,and porosity.Meanwhile,the sensitivity of the factors affecting the dissolution capture capacity of CO_(2)decreases in the order of formation stress,residual gas saturation,temperature,horizontal permeability,and porosity.The sensitivity of the influencing factors can serve as the basis for carrying out a reasonable assessment of sites for future CO_(2)storage areas and for optimizing the design of existing CO_(2)storage areas.The sensitivity analysis of the influencing factors will provide basic data and technical support for implementing geologic CO_(2)storage and will assist in improving geologic CO_(2)storage technologies to achieve China’s carbon neutralization goal.展开更多
The Routh and Whittaker methods of reduction for Lagrange system on time scales with nabla derivatives are studied.The equations of motion for Lagrange system on time scales are established, and their cyclic integrals...The Routh and Whittaker methods of reduction for Lagrange system on time scales with nabla derivatives are studied.The equations of motion for Lagrange system on time scales are established, and their cyclic integrals and generalized energy integrals are given. The Routh functions and Whittaker functions of Lagrange system are constructed, and the order of differential equations of motion for the system are reduced by using the cyclic integrals or the generalized energy integrals with nabla derivatives. The results show that the reduced Routh equations and Whittaker equations hold the form of Lagrnage equations with nabla derivatives. Finally, two examples are given to illustrate the application of the results.展开更多
Background：It has been demonstrated that only 10%-20% cigarette smokers finally suffer chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）.The underlying mechanism of development remains uncertain so far.Nitric oxide （NO...Background：It has been demonstrated that only 10%-20% cigarette smokers finally suffer chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）.The underlying mechanism of development remains uncertain so far.Nitric oxide （NO） has been found to be closely associated with the pathogenesis of COPD,the alteration of NO synthase （NOS） expression need to be revealed.The study aimed to investigate the alterations of NOS isoforms expressions between smokers with and without COPD,which might be helpful for identifying the susceptibility of smokers developing into COPD.Methods：Peripheral lung tissues were obtained from 10 nonsmoker control subjects,15 non-COPD smokers,and 15 smokers with COPD.Neuronal NOS （nNOS）,inducible NOS （iNOS）,and endothelial NOS （eNOS） mRNA and protein levels were measured in each sample by using real-time polymerase chain reaction and Westem blotting.Results：INOS mRNA was significantly increased in patients with COPD compared with nonsmokers and smokers with normal lung function （P 〈 0.001,P =0.001,respectively）.iNOS protein was also higher in COPD patients than nonsmokers and smokers with normal lung function （P 〈 0.01 and P =0.01,respectively）.However,expressions ofnNOS and eNOS did not differ among nonsmokers,smokers with and without COPD.Furthermore,there was a negative correlation between iNOS protein level and lung function parameters forced expiratory volume in 1 s （FEV1） （% predicted） （r =-0.549,P =0.001） and FEV1/forced vital capacity （%,r =-0.535,P =0.001）.Conclusions：The expression of iNOS significantly increased in smokers with COPD compared with that in nonsmokers or smokers without COPD.The results suggest that iNOS might be involved in the pathogenesis of COPD,and may be a potential marker to identify the smokers who have more liability to suffer COPD.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81303021
文摘Acupuncture at Shuigou（GV26） shows good clinical efficacy for treating stroke, but its mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, a cerebral infarction model of ischemia/reperfusion injury received electroacupuncture at GV26（15 Hz and 1 m A, continuous wave [biphasic pulses], for 5 minutes）. Electroacupuncture effectively promoted regional cerebral blood flow on the infarct and non-infarct sides, increased infarct lesions, lectin, and number of blood vessels, upregulated von Willebrand factor and cell proliferation marker Ki67 expression, and diminished neurological severity score. These findings confirm that electroacupuncture at GV26 promotes establishment of collateral circulation and angiogenesis, and improves neurological function.
文摘In a smog chamber, the photooxidation of toluene was initiated by hydroxyl radical （OH.） under different experimental conditions. The size distribution of secondary organic aerosol（SOA） particles from the above reaction was measured using aerodynamic particle sizer spectrometer. It was found from our experimental results that the number of SOA particles increased with increasing the concentration of toluene. As the reaction time prolonged, the sum of SOA particles was also increased. After a reaction time of 130 min, the concentration of secondary organic aerosol particles would be kept constant at 2300 particles/cm^3. Increasing illumination power of blacklamps could significantly induce a higher concentration of secondary organic aerosol particle. The density of SOA particles would also be increased with increasing concentration of CH30NO, however, it would be decreased as soon as the concentration of CH30NO was larger than 225.2 ppm. Nitrogen oxide with initial concentration higher than 30. 1 ppm was also found to have little effect on the formation of secondary organic aerosol.
基金This study was supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30400195） and Dawn Program for Young Scientist of Wuhan （No. 20045006071-8）.
文摘Background Although it is recognized that bronchial smooth muscle cells （BSMCs） play a key role. in airway remodeling during chronic asthma, it is not well understood how BSMCs exert their inflammatory functions. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 （ERK1/2） signaling pathway is an important signaling pathway in chronic asthma but its influence on secretion by BSMCs has not been well-studied. We investigated the impact of ERK1/2 signaling pathway on secretion by BSMCs in a rat model of chronic asthma in this study. Methods To create a rat model of chronic asthma, Wistar rats underwent ovalbumim （OVA） injection and eight weeks of inhalation. BSMCs were isolated and cultured in vitro. Epidermal growth factor, PD98059 and ERK1/2 antisense oligonucleotide were used to explore the role of ERK1/2 signaling pathway. The expression of P-ERK1/2 （phospho-ERK1/2） in BSMCs was analyzed by Western blot and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. Secretion of BSMCs was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Results Phospho-ERK1/2 expression was increased in BSMCs of chronic asthmatic rats compared with the controls. PD98059 inhibited expression of phospho-ERK1/2 protein, while treatment with an antisense oligonucleotide inhibited the expression of P-ERK1/2 mRNA and protein. BSMCs obtained from the chronic asthma group secreted significantly greater quantities of growth factors （transforming growth factor （TGF）-β1, vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） and connective tissue growth factor （CTGF））, cytokines （regulated upon activation, normal T cell-expressed and secreted （RANTES） and eotaxin）, and extracellular matrix （fibronectin and collagen I） compared with normal controls. Epidermal growth factor stimulated secretion in both groups, but the response of the chronic asthma group was more intense. Both PD98059 and antisense oligonucleotide suppressed secretion by BSMCs in chronic ashmatic rats. Antisense oligonucleotide reduced t
文摘Background The potential application of retinoic acid receptor activators, such as all trans-retinoic acid （ATRA）, for treating various cancers have been studied both pre-clinically and clinically. Whether ATRA has an anticancer effect on human esophageal squamous cancer cell （ESCC） is still unknown. We have explored the anticancer effect of ATRA in ESCC, and in this study, the effects of ATRA on levels and patterns of expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） signal transduction pathway in transplantable tumor growth of the human ESCC cell line, EC9706, in nude mice. Methods The animal model of the ESCC xenograft was made by subcutaneous implantation of tumor cells into nude mice. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）, Western blotting and immunohistochemical assays were used to detect the expression of the VEGF signal transduction pathway in ESCC xenograft tissues. Results Compared to the control group, the tumor inhibition rates in the low dose ATRA, high dose ATRA, and 5-FU groups were 83.21%, 88.32%, 91.02%, respectively. The protein and mRNA levels of VEGF were down-regulated after being treated with ATRA and 5-FU compared to the control group （P 〈0.05）. The study also revealed that ATRA specifically down-regulated VEGF and the component of the VEGF signal transduction pathway of CD31, CD34, and CD105 （component of the TGF-13 receptor） in ESCC xenograft tissues （P 〈0.05）. Conclusions ATRA can significantly inhibit tumor growth and has anticancer effects on transplantable tumor growth of human ESCC cell line EC9706 in nude mice. These findings indicate that ATRA specifically down regulated VEGF and the components of VEGF signal transduction, which may be an important mechanism responsible for the neoangiogenesis inhibition of ESCC cells.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41201441, No. 41371363, and No. 41301501)Guangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics (Grant No. 1207115-18)the knowledge innovation project of the Chinese academy of sciences (Grant Nos. KZCX2YW-333, KZCXZ-EW-317)
文摘The Yalu Tsangpo River basin is a typical semi-arid and cold region in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, where significant climate change has been detected in the past decades. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate how the regional vegetation, especially the typical plant types, responds to the climate changes. In this study, the model of gravity center has been firstly introduced to analyze the spatial-temporal relationship between NDVI and climate factors considering the time-lag effect. The results show that the vegetation grown has been positively influenced by the rainfall and precipitation both in moving tracks of gravity center and time-lag effect especially for the growing season during the past thirteen years. The herbs and shrubs are inclined to be influenced by the change of rainfall and temperature, which is indicated by larger positive correlation coefficients at the 0.05 confidence level and shorter lagging time. For the soil moisture, the significantly negative relationship of NDV-PDI indicates that the growth and productivity of the vegetation are closely related to the short-term soil water, with the correlation coefficients reaching the maximum value of o.81 at Lag 0-1. Among the typicalvegetation types of plateau, the shrubs of low mountain, steppe and meadow are more sensitive to the change of soil moisture with coefficients of -0.95, -0.93, -0.92, respectively. These findings reveal that the spatial and temporal heterogeneity between NDVI and climatic factors are of great ecological significance and practical value for the protection of eco-environment in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant 31430072 and 31672090 to W.-M.W.).
文摘MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are known to fine-tune growth,development,and stress-induced responses.Osa-miR1873 is a rice-specific miRNA targeting LOC_Os05g01790.Here,we show that Osa-miR1873 fine-tunes rice immunity against Magnaporthe oryzae and yield traits via LOC_Os05g01790.Osa-miR1873 was significantly upregulated in a susceptible accession but downregulated in a resistance accession at 24 h post-inoculation(hpi)of M.oryzae.Overexpressing Osa-miR1873 enhanced susceptibility to M.oryzae and compromised induction of defense responses.In contrast,blocking Osa-miR1873 through target mimicry compromised susceptibility to M.oryzae and enhanced induction of defense responses.Altered expression of Osa-miR1873 also resulted in some defects in yield traits,including grain numbers and seed setting rate.Moreover,overexpression of the target gene LOC_Os05g01790 increased rice blast disease resistance but severely penalized growth and yield.Taken together,we demonstrate that Osa-miR1873 fine-tunes the rice immunity-growth trade-off via LOC_Os05g01790,and blocking Osa-miR1873 could improve blast disease resistance without significant yield penalty.Thus,the Osa-miR1873-LOC_Os05g01790 regulatory module is valuable in balancing yield traits and blast resistance.
文摘Since the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19),it has rapidly spread to 187 countries,causing serious harm to the health of people and a huge social burden.However,currently,drugs specifically approved for clinical use are not available,except for vaccines against COVID-19 that are being evaluated.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is capable of performing syndrome differentiation and treatment according to the clinical manifestations of patients,and has a better ability of epidemic prevention and control.The authors comprehensively analyzed the etiology and pathogenesis of COVID-19 based on the theory of TCM,and discussed its syndrome differentiation,treatment and prevention measures so as to provide strategies and reference for the prevention and treatment with TCM.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(32072503 to J.F.,U19A2033 to W.-M.W.,and 32121003 to X.C.)Sichuan Youth Science and Technology Innovation Research Team(2022JDTD0023 to J.F.)Sichuan Applied Fundamental Research Foundation(2020JDJQ0040 to J.W.).
文摘Grain formation is fundamental for crop yield but is vulnerable to abiotic and biotic stresses.Rice grain production is threatened by the false smut fungus Ustilaginoidea virens,which specifically infects rice floral organs,disrupting fertilization and seed formation.However,little is known about the molecular mechanisms of the U.virens-rice interaction and the genetic basis of floral resistance.Here,we report that U.virens secretes a cytoplasmic effector,UvCBP1,to facilitate infection of rice flowers.Mechanistically,UvCBP1 interacts with the rice scaffold protein OsRACK1A and competes its interaction with the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase OsRBOHB,leading to inhibition of reactive oxygen species(ROS)production.Although the analysis of natural variation revealed no OsRACK1A variants that could avoid being targeted by UvCBP1,expression levels of OsRACK1A are correlated with field resistance against U.virens in rice germplasm.Overproduction of OsRACK1A restores the OsRACK1A-OsRBOHB association and promotes OsRBOHB phosphorylation to enhance ROS production,conferring rice floral resistance to U.virens without yield penalty.Taken together,our findings reveal a new pathogenic mechanism mediated by an essential effector from a flower-specific pathogen and provide a valuable genetic resource for balancing disease resistance and crop yield.
基金Shanghai Top Priority Clinical Medical Center Project(No.2017ZZ01008-001).
文摘Background Acute myocarditis(AMC)can cause poor outcomes or even death in children.We aimed to identify AMC risk factors and create a mortality prediction model for AMC in children at hospital admission.Methods This was a single-center retrospective cohort study of AMC children hospitalized between January 2016 and January 2020.The demographics,clinical examinations,types of AMC,and laboratory results were collected at hospital admission.In-hospital survival or death was documented.Clinical characteristics associated with death were evaluated.Results Among 67 children,51 survived,and 16 died.The most common symptom was digestive disorder(67.2%).Based on the Bayesian model averaging and Hosmer–Lemeshow test,we created a final best mortality prediction model(acute myocarditis death risk score,AMCDRS)that included ten variables(male sex,fever,congestive heart failure,left-ventricular ejection fraction<50%,pulmonary edema,ventricular tachycardia,lactic acid value>4,fulminant myocarditis,abnormal creatine kinase-MB,and hypotension).Despite differences in the characteristics of the validation cohort,the model discrimination was only marginally lower,with an AUC of 0.781(95%confidence interval=0.675–0.852)compared with the derivation cohort.Model calibration likewise indicated acceptable fit(Hosmer‒Lemeshow goodness-of-fit,P¼=0.10).Conclusions Multiple factors were associated with increased mortality in children with AMC.The prediction model AMCDRS might be used at hospital admission to accurately identify AMC in children who are at an increased risk of death.
基金Supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2014ZX09303301)the Science and Technology Department of Major Scientific and Technological Projects of Major Social Development Projects of Zhejiang Province(No.2013C03048-3)+1 种基金the Medical and Health Platform Project of Zhejiang Province(No.2016RCB012)the Medical Key Subject of Zhejiang Province(No.2016CXXK2)
文摘AIM： To evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravitreal conbercept（IVC） injections as pretreatment for pars plana vitrectomy（PPV） in severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy（PDR）. METHODS： This was a retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent PPV for PDR from January 2014 to October 2016. Patients who underwent IVC injection before PPV were assigned to the IVC group; the others were assigned to the control group. The IVC was performed 3-7 d before surgery in the IVC group. All the eyes in the two groups were operated by the same doctor to complete the vitrectomy. Intraoperative complications and the changes in best-corrected visual acuity（BCVA） before and after surgery were compared between the two groups. RESULTS： A total of 68 eyes of 63 patients（22 eyes in the IVC group and 46 eyes in the control group） were examined. The risk of intraoperative bleeding was lower in the IVC group（2/22） than in the control group（25/46, P=0.000）. Furthermore, the use of endodiathermy was significantly lower in the IVC group（1/22） than in the control group（12/46, P=0.047）. The surgical time in the IVC group（112.64±34.52 min） was significantly shorter than in the control group（132.85±40.04 min, P〈0.05）. Compared to the BCVA before surgery, the mean BCVA was significantly improved after surgery for both groups（P〈0.05）. CONCLUSION： PPV is an effective treatment and can improve vision in patients with PDR. Preoperative intravitreal injection of conbercept could reduce the chances of intraoperative bleeding and the use of endodiathermy and shorten the operative time, which are beneficial in the management of PDR.
基金supported by Open Foundation of the Key Laboratory of Coupling Process and Effect of Natural Resources Elements(No.2023KFKTB001)the Science&Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program(2022FY101800)+2 种基金the National Nonprofit Institute Research Grant of IGGE(AS2023D01)the projects of the China Geological Survey(DD20230309 and DD20190305)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42002105)。
文摘To understand the levels of potentially toxic elements(PTEs)contamination in soils and their effects on human health from different agricultural land use in Sanya,China.128 soil samples(64 topsoil samples and corresponding subsoil samples)were collected from the five representative land-use patterns.Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS),Atomic fluorescence spectrometry(AFS),and Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry(ICP-OES)were used to determine the content of PTEs(As,Cd,Hg,Cu,Cr,Ni,Pb,Zn,Co,Mo,Sb,and V).Correlation analysis and factor analysis were used to determine the source of PTEs.Geo-accumulation index(I_(geo)),hazard quotient(HQ),and total carcinogenic risk index(TR)were used to measure the PTEs contamination and its relative health impacts.Results showed that the average values of 12 PTEs in topsoil were higher than the Hainan soil geochemical baseline,showing different degrees of PTEs accumulation effect.The concentration of PTEs in the topsoil was lower than those in the subsoil except for Cd and Hg.The I_(geo)revealed that the major accumulated element in soils was As followed by Mo.Source apportionment suggested that parent materials and agricultural practices were the dominant factors for PTEs accumulation in the topsoil.Noncarcinogenic risks of soil samples from five land-use patterns presented a trend of paddy field>dry field>woodland>orchard>garden plot.However,the HQ values of 12 PTEs were less than the recommended limit of HQ=1,representing that there are no non-carcinogenic risks of PTEs for children and adults in the study area.The TR values are within 6.95×10^(-6)-1.38×10^(-5),which corresponds to the low level.Therefore the PTEs in the agricultural soil of the study area show little influence on the health status of the local population.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51991361 and Grant No.51991362)the foundation of China University of Petroleum(Beijing)(Grant No.2462021YXZZ002).
文摘A low-cost eco-friendly aqueous foam,especially the robust foam with great tolerance to high salinity and high temperature,is in great demand in the oil industry,e.g.,oil and gas well or geothermal well drilling.Herein,an ultra-stable aqueous foam was developed using the biodegradable cellulose microfiber(CMF)as a foam stabilizer.The foam stabilized by CMF shows excellent tolerance to the high concentration of NaCl(6.0 wt%)and CaCl_(2)(0.25 wt%)and the related drainage half-life times(T_(0.5))reach 1750 and 2340 s respectively.By contrast,the foams without CMF are completely drained(T_(0.5)=0 s)when NaCl concentration is greater than 6.0 wt%or CaCl_(2) concentration is greater than 0.20 wt%.Notably,T0.5 of the foams stabilized by CMF at these saline concentrations still can maintain above 1000 s even after aging at 120℃ for 16 h,exhibiting an outstanding foam-stabilizing performance at high temperature.Experimental results suggest that the salt and high-temperature tolerance of CMF in foam stabilization is attributed to the electrically uncharged surfaces,the formation of a gel-like structure and the excellent thermal stability.This work not only provides a promising candidate of aqueous foam stabilizer to deal with high temperature and high salinity but also presents a natural-based solution for an environmentally friendly drilling industry in the future.
基金the BL13W1 beamline of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)in China and was supported by Key Research Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2016YFC0904400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81501025&81671299)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2016JJ3174)the Science and Technology Department Funds of Hunan Province Key Project(2016JC2057).
文摘Characterizing the three-dimensional (3D) morphological alterations of microvessels under both normal and seizure conditions is crucial for a better understanding of epilepsy. However, conventional imaging techniques cannot detect microvessels on micron/sub-micron scales without angiography. In this study, synchrotron radiation(SR)-based X-ray in-line phase-contrast imaging (ILPCI)and quantitative 3D characterization were used to acquire high-resolution, high-contrast images of rat brain tissue under both normal and seizure conditions. The number of blood microvessels was markedly increased on days 1 and 14, but decreased on day 60 after seizures. The surface area, diameter distribution, mean tortuosity, and number of bifurcations and network segments also showed similar trends. These pathological changes were confirmed by histological tests. Thus, SR-based ILPCI provides systematic and detailed views of cerebrovascular anatomy at the micron level without using contrast-enhancing agents. This holds considerable promise for better diagnosis and understanding of the pathogenesis and development of epilepsy.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81774059 and No.82074533Tianjin Natural Science Foundation,No.19JCZDJC37100.
文摘BACKGROUND As a cellular mode of therapy,bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)are used to treat stroke.However,their mechanisms in stroke treatment have not been established.Recent evidence suggests that regulation of dysregulated gut flora after stroke affects stroke outcomes.AIM To investigate the effects of BMSCs on gut microbiota after ischemic stroke.METHODS A total of 30 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups,including sham operation control group,transient middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)group,and MCAO with BMSC treatment group.The modified Neurological Severity Score(mNSS),beam walking test,and Morris water maze test were used to evaluate neurological function recovery after BMSC transplantation.Nissl staining was performed to elucidate on the pathology of nerve cells in the hippocampus.Feces from each group of rats were collected and analyzed by 16s rDNA sequencing.RESULTS BMSC transplantation significantly reduced mNSS(P<0.01).Rats performed better in the beam walking test in the BMSC group than in the MCAO group(P<0.01).The Morris water maze test revealed that the BMSC treatment group exhibited a significant improvement in learning and memory.Nissl staining for neuronal damage assessment after stroke showed that in the BMSC group,cells were orderly arranged with significantly reduced necrosis.Moreover,BMSCs regulated microbial structure composition.In rats treated with BMSCs,the abundance of potential short-chain fatty acid producing bacteria and Lactobacillus was increased.CONCLUSION BMSC transplantation is a potential therapeutic option for ischemic stroke,and it promotes neurological functions by regulating gut microbiota dysbiosis.
文摘In this paper we introduce the concept of two-parameterB-valued strong martingales and investigate some features of these strong martingales. We also characterizep-smoothable Banach spaces in terms of these strong martingales.
基金This project was funded by the Science and Technology Basic Work,Ministry of Science and Technology,China(2013FY112100 to Q.L.)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31700175 to Z.W.)Fostering Project for Young Teachers of Zhengzhou University,China(JC21343014 to Z.W.).
文摘The genus Trigonotis comprises nearly 60 species mainly distributed in East and Southeast Asia.China has the largest number of Trigonotis species in the world,with a total of 44 species,of which 38 are endemic.Nutlet morphology is useful for the taxonomic delimitation of Trigonotis.However,there are still controversial circumscriptions of nutlet shape in some species.In previous studies,interspecies phylogenetic relationships were inferred using few DNA markers and very few taxa,which possibly led to erroneous or incomplete conclusions.In this study,the nutlet morphology of 39 Trigonotis taxa and the characteristics of 34 complete chloroplast genomes(29 taxa)were investigated and analyzed.Then,the phylogenetic relationships were discussed within this genus based on complete chloroplast genomes.To the best of our knowledge,this study is the first comprehensive analysis of nutlet morphology and complete chloroplast genome of Trigonotis.Based on nutlet morphology,Trigonotis can be divided into two groups:Group 1,hemispherical or oblique tetrahedron with carpopodiums,and Group 2,inverted tetrahedron without carpopodiums.The chloroplast genome of Trigonotis exhibited a typical quadripartite structure,including 84-86 protein-coding,37 transfer RNA,and 8 ribosomal RNA genes,with a total length of 147,247-148,986 bp.Genes in the junctions were well conserved in Trigonotis,similar to those in other Boraginaceae s.str.species.Furthermore,Trigonotis chloroplast genomes showed relatively high diversity,with more conserved genic regions than intergenic regions;in addition,we detected 14 hot spots(Pi>0.005)in non-coding regions.Phylogenetic analyses based on chloroplast genome data identified highly resolved relationships between Trigonotis species.Specifically,Trigonotis was divided into two clades with strong support:one clade included species with hemispherical or oblique tetrahedron nutlets with carpopodiums and bracts,whereas the other clade included species with inverted tetrahedron nutlets without carpopodiums or bracts
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81501025)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Nos.2020JJ4134 and 2016JJ3174).
文摘Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death worldwide,and effective treatment strategies in the chronic phase of this disease remain insufficient.Homeostasis of metals in the brain plays an important role in maintaining normal brain function.However,the dynamic spatial distributions of iron,zinc,calcium,potassium,and copper in a rat brain following ischemic stroke and the association between structural distribution and function remain to be elucidated.In this study,we used a synchrotron radiation-based micro-X-ray fluorescence technique to image element mapping changes in special rat brain regions after ischemic stroke,showing the distribution characteristics of iron,zinc,calcium,potassium,and copper.We demonstrated,for the first time,the consistent dynamic spatial distributions of metal elements at a series of time points(3 h,4.5 h,6 h,12 h,1 d,3 d,5 d,7 d,10 d,14 d,28 d)after brain ischemia,which revealed that the homeostasis of iron,zinc,calcium,potassium,and copper in the brain was disturbed with distinctive change trends,providing clear insights in understanding the underlying pathogenesis of stroke from a novel perspective,thus laying the foundation of further developing new drug targets for stroke treatment.
基金jointly supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFB0605503)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51804112)+2 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFC0807801)the Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Coal Exploration and Comprehensive Utilization of Ministry of Natural Resources (KF2021-5)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China (2018JJ3169).
文摘To accelerate the achievement of China’s carbon neutrality goal and to study the factors affecting the geologic CO_(2)storage in the Ordos Basin,China’s National Key R&D Programs propose to select the Chang 6 oil reservoir of the Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin as the target reservoir to conduct the geologic carbon capture and storage(CCS)of 100000 t per year.By applying the basic theories of disciplines such as seepage mechanics,multiphase fluid mechanics,and computational fluid mechanics and quantifying the amounts of CO_(2)captured in gas and dissolved forms,this study investigated the effects of seven factors that influence the CO_(2)storage capacity of reservoirs,namely reservoir porosity,horizontal permeability,temperature,formation stress,the ratio of vertical to horizontal permeability,capillary pressure,and residual gas saturation.The results show that the sensitivity of the factors affecting the gas capture capacity of CO_(2)decreases in the order of formation stress,temperature,residual gas saturation,horizontal permeability,and porosity.Meanwhile,the sensitivity of the factors affecting the dissolution capture capacity of CO_(2)decreases in the order of formation stress,residual gas saturation,temperature,horizontal permeability,and porosity.The sensitivity of the influencing factors can serve as the basis for carrying out a reasonable assessment of sites for future CO_(2)storage areas and for optimizing the design of existing CO_(2)storage areas.The sensitivity analysis of the influencing factors will provide basic data and technical support for implementing geologic CO_(2)storage and will assist in improving geologic CO_(2)storage technologies to achieve China’s carbon neutralization goal.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11572212 and 11272227)the Innovation Program for Graduate Student of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.KYLX16-0414)
文摘The Routh and Whittaker methods of reduction for Lagrange system on time scales with nabla derivatives are studied.The equations of motion for Lagrange system on time scales are established, and their cyclic integrals and generalized energy integrals are given. The Routh functions and Whittaker functions of Lagrange system are constructed, and the order of differential equations of motion for the system are reduced by using the cyclic integrals or the generalized energy integrals with nabla derivatives. The results show that the reduced Routh equations and Whittaker equations hold the form of Lagrnage equations with nabla derivatives. Finally, two examples are given to illustrate the application of the results.
基金This work was supported by the grants from Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81270106）, Ministry of Science and Technology of China （No. 2012BA[05B00） and Ministry of Public Health （No. 201002008）.
文摘Background：It has been demonstrated that only 10%-20% cigarette smokers finally suffer chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）.The underlying mechanism of development remains uncertain so far.Nitric oxide （NO） has been found to be closely associated with the pathogenesis of COPD,the alteration of NO synthase （NOS） expression need to be revealed.The study aimed to investigate the alterations of NOS isoforms expressions between smokers with and without COPD,which might be helpful for identifying the susceptibility of smokers developing into COPD.Methods：Peripheral lung tissues were obtained from 10 nonsmoker control subjects,15 non-COPD smokers,and 15 smokers with COPD.Neuronal NOS （nNOS）,inducible NOS （iNOS）,and endothelial NOS （eNOS） mRNA and protein levels were measured in each sample by using real-time polymerase chain reaction and Westem blotting.Results：INOS mRNA was significantly increased in patients with COPD compared with nonsmokers and smokers with normal lung function （P 〈 0.001,P =0.001,respectively）.iNOS protein was also higher in COPD patients than nonsmokers and smokers with normal lung function （P 〈 0.01 and P =0.01,respectively）.However,expressions ofnNOS and eNOS did not differ among nonsmokers,smokers with and without COPD.Furthermore,there was a negative correlation between iNOS protein level and lung function parameters forced expiratory volume in 1 s （FEV1） （% predicted） （r =-0.549,P =0.001） and FEV1/forced vital capacity （%,r =-0.535,P =0.001）.Conclusions：The expression of iNOS significantly increased in smokers with COPD compared with that in nonsmokers or smokers without COPD.The results suggest that iNOS might be involved in the pathogenesis of COPD,and may be a potential marker to identify the smokers who have more liability to suffer COPD.
