In this paper, air side heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of twelve three-row plate finandtube heat exchanger cores of four types of fin configurations have been experimentally investigated.The heat tran...In this paper, air side heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of twelve three-row plate finandtube heat exchanger cores of four types of fin configurations have been experimentally investigated.The heat transfer and friction factor correlations for'the twelve cores are provided in a wide range ofReynolds number. It is found that in the range of Reynolds number tested, the Nusselt number of theslotted fin surface is the largest and that of the plain plate fin is the lowest while the Nusselt numbersof two types of wavy fins are somewhere in between.展开更多
Ubiquitin ligases play a central role in determining the specificity of the ubiquitination system by selecting a myriad of appropriate candidate proteins for modification. The U-box is a recently identified, ubiquitin...Ubiquitin ligases play a central role in determining the specificity of the ubiquitination system by selecting a myriad of appropriate candidate proteins for modification. The U-box is a recently identified, ubiquitin ligase activityrelated protein domain that shows greater presence in plants than in other organisms. In this study, we identified 77 putative U-box proteins from the rice genome using a battery of whole genome analysis algorithms. Most of the U-box protein genes are expressed, as supported by the identification of their corresponding expressed sequence tags （ESTs）, full-length cDNAs, or massively parallel signature sequencing （MPSS） tags. Using the same algorithms, we identified 61 U-box proteins from the Arabidopsis genome. The rice and Arabidopsis U-box proteins were classified into nine major classes based on their domain compositions. Comparison between rice and Arabidopsis U-box proteins indicates that the majority of rice and Arabidopsis U-box proteins have the same domain organizations. The inferred phylogeny established the homology between rice and Arabidopsis U-box/ARM proteins. Cell death assay using the rice protoplast system suggests that one rice U-box gene, OsPUB51, might act as a negative regulator of cell death signaling. In addition, the selected U-box proteins were found to be functional E3 ubiquitin ligases. The identification and analysis of rice U-box proteins hereby at the genomic level will help functionally characterize this class of E3 ubiquitin ligase in the future.展开更多
Purpose: To describe the association of demographic, behavioral, medical, and nonretinal ocular factors with the incidence of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and central geographic atrophy (CGA) in ...Purpose: To describe the association of demographic, behavioral, medical, and nonretinal ocular factors with the incidence of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and central geographic atrophy (CGA) in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS), a randomized trial of antioxidants and zinc supplementat ion prophylaxis for development of advanced AMD. Design: Clinic-based prospecti ve cohort study. Participants: Of individuals with early or intermediate AMD at baseline with a median follow-up of 6.3 years, 788 were at risk of developing a dvanced AMD in one eye (the fellow eye had advanced AMD), and 2506 were at risk in both eyes. Methods: The incidence of neovascular AMD and CGA was assessed fro m stereoscopic color fundus photographs taken at baseline and at annual visits b eginning at year 2. Main Outcome Measures: Neovascular AMD was defined as photoc oagulation for choroidal neovascularization, or photographic documentation at th e reading center of any of the following: nondrusenoid retinal pigment epithelia l detachment, serous or hemorrhagic retinal detachment, hemorrhage under the ret ina or the retinal pigment epithelium, and subretinal fibrosis. Central geograph ic atrophy was defined as geographic atrophy involving the center of the macula. Results: In multivariable models, in persons at risk of advanced AMD in both ey es, while controlling for age, gender, and AREDS treatment group, the following variables were statistically significantly associated with the incidence of neov ascularAMD: race (odds ratio [OR], white vs. black, 6.77; 95%confidence inter va l [CI], 1.24-36.9) and larger amount smoked (OR, >10 vs. ≤10 pack-years [a pa ck-year is an average of 1 pack of cigarette smoked per day for a year], 1.55; 95%CI, 1.15-2.09). The following were statistically significantly associated w ith the incidence of CGA: less education (OR, high school graduate or less vs. c ollege graduate, 1.75; 95%CI, 1.10-2.78), greater body mass index (BMI) (OR, o bese vs. nonobese, 1.93; 95%CI, 1.25-2.65),展开更多
High-temperature AC magnetic properties for （Fe0.5Co0.5）73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9 alloy annealed at various temperatures have been investigated using an impedance analyzer. Annealing temperature Ta has obvious effects on h...High-temperature AC magnetic properties for （Fe0.5Co0.5）73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9 alloy annealed at various temperatures have been investigated using an impedance analyzer. Annealing temperature Ta has obvious effects on high-temperature AC magnetic properties of the alloy. The Hopkinson peak appears only in the amorphous alloy when Ta≤703K. As Ta increases above 733K, the real part of the complex initial permeability μi′descends gradually, μi′decreases more slowly with temperature in the high temperature range. The high-temperature （about 750K） AC initial permeability for the alloy annealed at Ta= 763K has been found to maintain a stable high value of 950 up to a frequency of- 1 × 10^5Hz. Partial substitution of Co for Fe in the F73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9 alloy leads to an increase of around 110K of the Curie temperature of the amorphous phase, much higher than Ge-containing Finemet alloy.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Mild cognitive impairment is a transitional state between the cog nitive changes of normal aging and early Alzheimer’ s disease. METHODS: In a do uble- blind study, we evaluated subjects with the amnestic...BACKGROUND: Mild cognitive impairment is a transitional state between the cog nitive changes of normal aging and early Alzheimer’ s disease. METHODS: In a do uble- blind study, we evaluated subjects with the amnestic subtype of mild cogn itive impairment. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive 2000 IU of vitamin E daily, 10 mg of donepezil daily, or placebo for three years. The primary outco me was clinically possible or probable Alzheimer’ s disease; secondary outcomes were cognition and function. RESULTS: A total of 769 subjects were enrolled, an d possible or probable Alzheimer’ s disease developed in 212. The overall rate of progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer’ s disease was 16 pe rcent per year. As compared with the placebo group, there were no significant di fferences in the probability of progression to Alzheimer’ s disease in the vita min E group (hazard ratio, 1.02; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.74 to 1.41; P =0.91) or the donepezil group (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95 percent confidence interva l, 0.57 to 1.13; P=0.42) during the three years of treatment. Prespecified analy ses of the treatment effects at 6- month intervals showed that as compared with the placebo group, the donepezil group had a reduced likelihood of progression to Alzheimer’ s disease during the first 12 months of the study (P=0.04), a fin ding supported by the secondary outcome measures. Among carriers of one or more apolipoprotein E e 4 alleles, the benefit of donepezil was evident throughout th e three- year follow- up. There were no significant differences in the rate of progression to Alzheimer’ s disease between the vitamin E and placebo groups a t any point, either among all patients or among apolipoprotein E e 4 carriers. C ONCLUSIONS: Vitamin E had no benefit in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Although donepezil therapy was associated with a lower rate of progression to A lzheimer’ s disease during the first 12 months of treatment, the rate of progre ssion to Alzheimer’ s diseas展开更多
Small disturbance potential theory is widely used in solving aerodynamic problems with low Mach numbers, and it plays an important role in engineering design. Concerning structure wind engineering, the body of the str...Small disturbance potential theory is widely used in solving aerodynamic problems with low Mach numbers, and it plays an important role in engineering design. Concerning structure wind engineering, the body of the structure is in a low velocity wind field, with a low viscosity of air and thin boundary layer, therefore, the tiny shear stress caused by the boundary layer can be ignored, only wind pressure being considered. In this paper, based on small disturbance potential theory, the fluid-structure interaction between the wind and membrane structure is analyzed by joint utilization of the boundary element method (BEM) and finite element method (FEM) through a loose-coupling procedure. However, the boundary of flow field to be calculated is not fully smooth, corners and edges still exist, so the discontinuous boundary element is introduced. Furthermore, because a large scale boundary element equation set with a nonsymmetrical coefficient matrix must be solved, this paper imports a preconditioning GMRES (the generalized minimum residual) iterative algorithm, which takes full advantage of the boundary element method. Several calculation examples have verified the correctness and soundness of the treatments mentioned above.展开更多
Low-temperature soluble carbohydrate accumulations are commonly associated with anthocyanin coloration, attenuated growth and cold adaptation of cool-season grasses. The vrn-1 gene has potent effects on vernalization ...Low-temperature soluble carbohydrate accumulations are commonly associated with anthocyanin coloration, attenuated growth and cold adaptation of cool-season grasses. The vrn-1 gene has potent effects on vernalization requirement, growth, and soluble carbohydrate accumulations of the winter-annual Triticeae species. Two hundred and four unmapped AFLP markers and genome-specific DNA markers genetically linked to the vrn-1 gene were used to detect QTL controlling soluble carbohydrate accumulations, anthocyanin coloration and growth characteristics in a segregating population derived from open pollinated Leymus cinereus x L. triticoides hybrids. These perennial Triticeae grasses are distinguished by adaptation and growth habit. As expected, positive trait correlations and pleiotropic gene effects were detected for soluble carbohydrate accumulations and anthocyanin coloration. Likewise, positive trait correlations and pleiotropic gene effects were detected for tillering, leaf development, leaf growth, regrowth and rhizome spread. However, soluble carbohydrate accumulations were not associated with attenuated growth. In fact, several DNA marker alleles, including one near vrn-Ns1, had positive effects on soluble leaf carbohydrate concentrations and low temperature growth. The corresponding DNA marker near vrn-Ns1 had more specific effects on tillering. We speculate that vrn-1 exerts quantitative effects on low-temperature soluble leaf carbohydrate accumulations and growth habit of the perennial Leymus. However, a number of other DNA markers displayed highly significant effects on soluble carbohydrate accumulations and various growth characteristics. Findings indicate that anthocyanin coloration may be a useful phenotypic marker for soluble carbohydrate accumulation. Although variation for soluble carbohydrates was not associated with attenuated growth in this population, this trait was under genetic control.展开更多
PURPOSE: Paraneoplastic and autoimmune retinopathies are immunologically mediated retinal degenerations that are associated with antibodies directed against any of several retinal proteins, including α-enolase. We re...PURPOSE: Paraneoplastic and autoimmune retinopathies are immunologically mediated retinal degenerations that are associated with antibodies directed against any of several retinal proteins, including α-enolase. We report the clinical and electrophysiological features of antienolase retinopathy in contrast to the features of antirecoverin retinopathy. DESIGN: Retrospective, observational case series. METHODS: Patients were referred for evaluation of unexplained acquired visual symptoms, including photopsias, and loss of visual acuity or field considered of possible retinal origin. Full-field and multifocal electroretinograms (ERGs) were performed. Sera from patients were examined for antiretinal antibodies by Western blot analysis using proteins extracted from human retinas and by immunohistochemistry; antienolase was confirmed by incubating patient sera with purified α-enolase. RESULTS: Of 87 patients with unexplained retinal visual symptoms associated with abnormal ERGs, 37 (43%) demonstrated autoantibodies to retinal antigens, including 12 against α-enolase, of whom 4 had cancer. Initial visual loss was typically central and often asymmetric. The ERGs demonstrated mostly normal rod responses but central cone abnormalities (evident on multifocal ERG) and, for many, global cone abnormalities. Seven patients developed optic disk pallor. Corticosteroid and immunosuppressive therapy, when attempted, was clinically ineffective. CONCLUSIONS: Antienolase retinopathy is a protean autoimmune retinopathy that characteristically presents with cone dysfunction. The visual impairment and course vary from relative stability for years to slow progression with loss of central vision. With time, optic disk pallor can evolve, presumably from attrition of ganglion cells.展开更多
In October 1999, rainfall induced landslides devastated different communities of the Sierra Norte, Puebla, causing more than 250 victims and economic losses greater than $ 450 million. The town of Zacapoaxtla was one ...In October 1999, rainfall induced landslides devastated different communities of the Sierra Norte, Puebla, causing more than 250 victims and economic losses greater than $ 450 million. The town of Zacapoaxtla was one of the sectors most affected by slope instability due to the existing geological features and geomorphic characters determined by material properties, landforms and processes. Extensive areas formed by pyroclastic piedmonts developed on the Quaternary volcanic ignimbrite deposits highly dissected by marginal gully erosion combined with an extreme rainfall event played a significant role as an ideal scenario for the occurrence of landsliding. Distribution of landslides triggered by rainfall within the main sector of the Zacapoaxtla municipality was analyzed by using IKONOS images in terms of exploring the likely relationship between mass movement incidence and levels of vegetation density. The later was undertaken by means of producing an NDVI and applying a fragmentation algorithm. Finally, a map of potential areas of mass movements risk was produced based on the combination of a socio-economic vulnerability index, geologic and geomorphological maps and the spatial landslide distribution.展开更多
PURPOSE: To report three cases of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropa thy (NAION) that occurred in patients with sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) while bein g treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)...PURPOSE: To report three cases of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropa thy (NAION) that occurred in patients with sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) while bein g treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). DESI- GN: A prospective, noncomparative case series. METHODS: Prospective review of 108 patients with NAION diagnosed between 2002 and 2003 to identify any patients who developed NAION while being treated for SAS with CPAP. RESULTS: One patient had bilateral sequential NAION and two patients had unilateral NAION despite tr eatment with CPAP for SAS. All the patients were being treated with CPAP for a p eriod ranging from 4 months to 6 years before the onset of NAION. CONCLUSIONS: I n this series, CPAP did not prevent the development of NAION in SAS patients. Larger observational studies are needed to study the benefit of CPAP in preven ting NAION in patients with SAS.展开更多
To promote long-term studies on the distribution and diversity of marine zooplankton in Indian seas,a comprehensive review has been carried out based on the available literature.Zooplankton studies in Indian waters st...To promote long-term studies on the distribution and diversity of marine zooplankton in Indian seas,a comprehensive review has been carried out based on the available literature.Zooplankton studies in Indian waters started in the early 1900 s,and a plethora of literature has accumulated dealing with various aspects of zooplankton,especially from the Bay of Bengal,Arabian Sea and their associated estuaries and backwaters.From this review,a comprehensive description is offered on the species composition and distribution of zooplankton in the Indian Seas.Emphasis is given to reflect the existing knowledge on the variations in zooplankton species composition in the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea.Copepods emerge as the most dominant component in all of these marine waters,as is the case worldwide.Copepods are more diverse in the Bay of Bengal than in Arabian Sea.展开更多
Background： Nowadays pediatric femoral fractures are more commonly managed with operative treatment rather than conservative treatment because of more rapid recovery and avoidance of prolonged immobilization. Childre...Background： Nowadays pediatric femoral fractures are more commonly managed with operative treatment rather than conservative treatment because of more rapid recovery and avoidance of prolonged immobilization. Children between the ages of 5-13 years are treated either by traction plus hip spica and flexible/elastic stable retrograde intramedullary nail, or external fixators in the case of open fractures. The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcome of pediatric femoral shaft fractures treated by stainless steel flexible intramedullary nail in children between 5 and 13 years of age. Methods： There were 32 cases of femoral shaft fractures which were all fixed with stainless steel flexible intramedullary nail under fluoroscopy. Long leg cast was applied at the time of fixation. Partial weight bearing was started 2 weeks after surgery. Patients were evaluated in follow-up study to observe the alignment of fracture, infection, delayed union, nonunion, limb length discrepancy, motion of knee joint, and time to unite the fracture. Results： We were able to follow up 28 out of 32 patients. The patients were 8.14 years of age on average. The mean hospital stay after operation was 4 days and fracture union time was 9.57 weeks. There were 3 cases of varus angulation, 2 cases of anterior angulation, and 4 cases of limb lengthening. Conclusion： Patients aged between 5 and 13 years treated with flexible intramedullary nail for closed femoral shaft fracture have rapid union and recovery, short rehabilitation period, less immobilization and psychological impact, and cost-effective.展开更多
Patients with chronic headache were offered treatment by acupuncture or massage with relaxation instead of a change in their prescribed medication. They were randomly allocated to either treatment. There was a signifi...Patients with chronic headache were offered treatment by acupuncture or massage with relaxation instead of a change in their prescribed medication. They were randomly allocated to either treatment. There was a significant improvement in pain ratings with both treatment types. Specifically a greater effect was seen in migraine patients treated by massage with relaxation when compared to acupuncture. No psychological factors were found to predict response to either treatment. At the end of the study, 13% of patients were significantly more worried that there may be a more serious cause underlying their headache despite reassurance and an improvement in their headache scores.展开更多
The paper describes process details for extraction of rare earths from an intermediate grade concentrate of Madhya Pradesh region in India and a South African slag. The xenodme concentrate obtained from the former pla...The paper describes process details for extraction of rare earths from an intermediate grade concentrate of Madhya Pradesh region in India and a South African slag. The xenodme concentrate obtained from the former place was an intermediate grade （47%） rare earth phosphate containing both monazite and xenotime. The South African slag was a low-grade waste product typically containing only 4% of rare earths. The rare earth resource concentrates have been treated individually by different methods such as alkali fusion and alkali leaching to convert them into their mixed oxides. Both types of materials have been processed and greater than 98% solubilization of metal values has been achieved in the intermediate grade xenotime and 80% from the South African slag. The residue of xenotime hydroxide has been washed thoroughly to collect the sodium phosphate, as by-product and the slurry pH have been adjusted to separate rare earths from thorium effectively. Other impurities such as uranium and iron have been removed by precipitation of rare earths by oxalic acid. It has been possible to recover 〉95% yttrium along with other rare earth oxides.展开更多
文摘In this paper, air side heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of twelve three-row plate finandtube heat exchanger cores of four types of fin configurations have been experimentally investigated.The heat transfer and friction factor correlations for'the twelve cores are provided in a wide range ofReynolds number. It is found that in the range of Reynolds number tested, the Nusselt number of theslotted fin surface is the largest and that of the plain plate fin is the lowest while the Nusselt numbersof two types of wavy fins are somewhere in between.
文摘Ubiquitin ligases play a central role in determining the specificity of the ubiquitination system by selecting a myriad of appropriate candidate proteins for modification. The U-box is a recently identified, ubiquitin ligase activityrelated protein domain that shows greater presence in plants than in other organisms. In this study, we identified 77 putative U-box proteins from the rice genome using a battery of whole genome analysis algorithms. Most of the U-box protein genes are expressed, as supported by the identification of their corresponding expressed sequence tags （ESTs）, full-length cDNAs, or massively parallel signature sequencing （MPSS） tags. Using the same algorithms, we identified 61 U-box proteins from the Arabidopsis genome. The rice and Arabidopsis U-box proteins were classified into nine major classes based on their domain compositions. Comparison between rice and Arabidopsis U-box proteins indicates that the majority of rice and Arabidopsis U-box proteins have the same domain organizations. The inferred phylogeny established the homology between rice and Arabidopsis U-box/ARM proteins. Cell death assay using the rice protoplast system suggests that one rice U-box gene, OsPUB51, might act as a negative regulator of cell death signaling. In addition, the selected U-box proteins were found to be functional E3 ubiquitin ligases. The identification and analysis of rice U-box proteins hereby at the genomic level will help functionally characterize this class of E3 ubiquitin ligase in the future.
文摘Purpose: To describe the association of demographic, behavioral, medical, and nonretinal ocular factors with the incidence of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and central geographic atrophy (CGA) in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS), a randomized trial of antioxidants and zinc supplementat ion prophylaxis for development of advanced AMD. Design: Clinic-based prospecti ve cohort study. Participants: Of individuals with early or intermediate AMD at baseline with a median follow-up of 6.3 years, 788 were at risk of developing a dvanced AMD in one eye (the fellow eye had advanced AMD), and 2506 were at risk in both eyes. Methods: The incidence of neovascular AMD and CGA was assessed fro m stereoscopic color fundus photographs taken at baseline and at annual visits b eginning at year 2. Main Outcome Measures: Neovascular AMD was defined as photoc oagulation for choroidal neovascularization, or photographic documentation at th e reading center of any of the following: nondrusenoid retinal pigment epithelia l detachment, serous or hemorrhagic retinal detachment, hemorrhage under the ret ina or the retinal pigment epithelium, and subretinal fibrosis. Central geograph ic atrophy was defined as geographic atrophy involving the center of the macula. Results: In multivariable models, in persons at risk of advanced AMD in both ey es, while controlling for age, gender, and AREDS treatment group, the following variables were statistically significantly associated with the incidence of neov ascularAMD: race (odds ratio [OR], white vs. black, 6.77; 95%confidence inter va l [CI], 1.24-36.9) and larger amount smoked (OR, >10 vs. ≤10 pack-years [a pa ck-year is an average of 1 pack of cigarette smoked per day for a year], 1.55; 95%CI, 1.15-2.09). The following were statistically significantly associated w ith the incidence of CGA: less education (OR, high school graduate or less vs. c ollege graduate, 1.75; 95%CI, 1.10-2.78), greater body mass index (BMI) (OR, o bese vs. nonobese, 1.93; 95%CI, 1.25-2.65),
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50471094).
文摘High-temperature AC magnetic properties for （Fe0.5Co0.5）73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9 alloy annealed at various temperatures have been investigated using an impedance analyzer. Annealing temperature Ta has obvious effects on high-temperature AC magnetic properties of the alloy. The Hopkinson peak appears only in the amorphous alloy when Ta≤703K. As Ta increases above 733K, the real part of the complex initial permeability μi′descends gradually, μi′decreases more slowly with temperature in the high temperature range. The high-temperature （about 750K） AC initial permeability for the alloy annealed at Ta= 763K has been found to maintain a stable high value of 950 up to a frequency of- 1 × 10^5Hz. Partial substitution of Co for Fe in the F73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9 alloy leads to an increase of around 110K of the Curie temperature of the amorphous phase, much higher than Ge-containing Finemet alloy.
文摘BACKGROUND: Mild cognitive impairment is a transitional state between the cog nitive changes of normal aging and early Alzheimer’ s disease. METHODS: In a do uble- blind study, we evaluated subjects with the amnestic subtype of mild cogn itive impairment. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive 2000 IU of vitamin E daily, 10 mg of donepezil daily, or placebo for three years. The primary outco me was clinically possible or probable Alzheimer’ s disease; secondary outcomes were cognition and function. RESULTS: A total of 769 subjects were enrolled, an d possible or probable Alzheimer’ s disease developed in 212. The overall rate of progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer’ s disease was 16 pe rcent per year. As compared with the placebo group, there were no significant di fferences in the probability of progression to Alzheimer’ s disease in the vita min E group (hazard ratio, 1.02; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.74 to 1.41; P =0.91) or the donepezil group (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95 percent confidence interva l, 0.57 to 1.13; P=0.42) during the three years of treatment. Prespecified analy ses of the treatment effects at 6- month intervals showed that as compared with the placebo group, the donepezil group had a reduced likelihood of progression to Alzheimer’ s disease during the first 12 months of the study (P=0.04), a fin ding supported by the secondary outcome measures. Among carriers of one or more apolipoprotein E e 4 alleles, the benefit of donepezil was evident throughout th e three- year follow- up. There were no significant differences in the rate of progression to Alzheimer’ s disease between the vitamin E and placebo groups a t any point, either among all patients or among apolipoprotein E e 4 carriers. C ONCLUSIONS: Vitamin E had no benefit in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Although donepezil therapy was associated with a lower rate of progression to A lzheimer’ s disease during the first 12 months of treatment, the rate of progre ssion to Alzheimer’ s diseas
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50678036)
文摘Small disturbance potential theory is widely used in solving aerodynamic problems with low Mach numbers, and it plays an important role in engineering design. Concerning structure wind engineering, the body of the structure is in a low velocity wind field, with a low viscosity of air and thin boundary layer, therefore, the tiny shear stress caused by the boundary layer can be ignored, only wind pressure being considered. In this paper, based on small disturbance potential theory, the fluid-structure interaction between the wind and membrane structure is analyzed by joint utilization of the boundary element method (BEM) and finite element method (FEM) through a loose-coupling procedure. However, the boundary of flow field to be calculated is not fully smooth, corners and edges still exist, so the discontinuous boundary element is introduced. Furthermore, because a large scale boundary element equation set with a nonsymmetrical coefficient matrix must be solved, this paper imports a preconditioning GMRES (the generalized minimum residual) iterative algorithm, which takes full advantage of the boundary element method. Several calculation examples have verified the correctness and soundness of the treatments mentioned above.
文摘Low-temperature soluble carbohydrate accumulations are commonly associated with anthocyanin coloration, attenuated growth and cold adaptation of cool-season grasses. The vrn-1 gene has potent effects on vernalization requirement, growth, and soluble carbohydrate accumulations of the winter-annual Triticeae species. Two hundred and four unmapped AFLP markers and genome-specific DNA markers genetically linked to the vrn-1 gene were used to detect QTL controlling soluble carbohydrate accumulations, anthocyanin coloration and growth characteristics in a segregating population derived from open pollinated Leymus cinereus x L. triticoides hybrids. These perennial Triticeae grasses are distinguished by adaptation and growth habit. As expected, positive trait correlations and pleiotropic gene effects were detected for soluble carbohydrate accumulations and anthocyanin coloration. Likewise, positive trait correlations and pleiotropic gene effects were detected for tillering, leaf development, leaf growth, regrowth and rhizome spread. However, soluble carbohydrate accumulations were not associated with attenuated growth. In fact, several DNA marker alleles, including one near vrn-Ns1, had positive effects on soluble leaf carbohydrate concentrations and low temperature growth. The corresponding DNA marker near vrn-Ns1 had more specific effects on tillering. We speculate that vrn-1 exerts quantitative effects on low-temperature soluble leaf carbohydrate accumulations and growth habit of the perennial Leymus. However, a number of other DNA markers displayed highly significant effects on soluble carbohydrate accumulations and various growth characteristics. Findings indicate that anthocyanin coloration may be a useful phenotypic marker for soluble carbohydrate accumulation. Although variation for soluble carbohydrates was not associated with attenuated growth in this population, this trait was under genetic control.
文摘PURPOSE: Paraneoplastic and autoimmune retinopathies are immunologically mediated retinal degenerations that are associated with antibodies directed against any of several retinal proteins, including α-enolase. We report the clinical and electrophysiological features of antienolase retinopathy in contrast to the features of antirecoverin retinopathy. DESIGN: Retrospective, observational case series. METHODS: Patients were referred for evaluation of unexplained acquired visual symptoms, including photopsias, and loss of visual acuity or field considered of possible retinal origin. Full-field and multifocal electroretinograms (ERGs) were performed. Sera from patients were examined for antiretinal antibodies by Western blot analysis using proteins extracted from human retinas and by immunohistochemistry; antienolase was confirmed by incubating patient sera with purified α-enolase. RESULTS: Of 87 patients with unexplained retinal visual symptoms associated with abnormal ERGs, 37 (43%) demonstrated autoantibodies to retinal antigens, including 12 against α-enolase, of whom 4 had cancer. Initial visual loss was typically central and often asymmetric. The ERGs demonstrated mostly normal rod responses but central cone abnormalities (evident on multifocal ERG) and, for many, global cone abnormalities. Seven patients developed optic disk pallor. Corticosteroid and immunosuppressive therapy, when attempted, was clinically ineffective. CONCLUSIONS: Antienolase retinopathy is a protean autoimmune retinopathy that characteristically presents with cone dysfunction. The visual impairment and course vary from relative stability for years to slow progression with loss of central vision. With time, optic disk pallor can evolve, presumably from attrition of ganglion cells.
文摘In October 1999, rainfall induced landslides devastated different communities of the Sierra Norte, Puebla, causing more than 250 victims and economic losses greater than $ 450 million. The town of Zacapoaxtla was one of the sectors most affected by slope instability due to the existing geological features and geomorphic characters determined by material properties, landforms and processes. Extensive areas formed by pyroclastic piedmonts developed on the Quaternary volcanic ignimbrite deposits highly dissected by marginal gully erosion combined with an extreme rainfall event played a significant role as an ideal scenario for the occurrence of landsliding. Distribution of landslides triggered by rainfall within the main sector of the Zacapoaxtla municipality was analyzed by using IKONOS images in terms of exploring the likely relationship between mass movement incidence and levels of vegetation density. The later was undertaken by means of producing an NDVI and applying a fragmentation algorithm. Finally, a map of potential areas of mass movements risk was produced based on the combination of a socio-economic vulnerability index, geologic and geomorphological maps and the spatial landslide distribution.
文摘PURPOSE: To report three cases of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropa thy (NAION) that occurred in patients with sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) while bein g treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). DESI- GN: A prospective, noncomparative case series. METHODS: Prospective review of 108 patients with NAION diagnosed between 2002 and 2003 to identify any patients who developed NAION while being treated for SAS with CPAP. RESULTS: One patient had bilateral sequential NAION and two patients had unilateral NAION despite tr eatment with CPAP for SAS. All the patients were being treated with CPAP for a p eriod ranging from 4 months to 6 years before the onset of NAION. CONCLUSIONS: I n this series, CPAP did not prevent the development of NAION in SAS patients. Larger observational studies are needed to study the benefit of CPAP in preven ting NAION in patients with SAS.
基金DST-SERB(Govt.of India)for the National Post Doctoral Fellowship(Reference no.PDF/2016/002087)
文摘To promote long-term studies on the distribution and diversity of marine zooplankton in Indian seas,a comprehensive review has been carried out based on the available literature.Zooplankton studies in Indian waters started in the early 1900 s,and a plethora of literature has accumulated dealing with various aspects of zooplankton,especially from the Bay of Bengal,Arabian Sea and their associated estuaries and backwaters.From this review,a comprehensive description is offered on the species composition and distribution of zooplankton in the Indian Seas.Emphasis is given to reflect the existing knowledge on the variations in zooplankton species composition in the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea.Copepods emerge as the most dominant component in all of these marine waters,as is the case worldwide.Copepods are more diverse in the Bay of Bengal than in Arabian Sea.
文摘Background： Nowadays pediatric femoral fractures are more commonly managed with operative treatment rather than conservative treatment because of more rapid recovery and avoidance of prolonged immobilization. Children between the ages of 5-13 years are treated either by traction plus hip spica and flexible/elastic stable retrograde intramedullary nail, or external fixators in the case of open fractures. The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcome of pediatric femoral shaft fractures treated by stainless steel flexible intramedullary nail in children between 5 and 13 years of age. Methods： There were 32 cases of femoral shaft fractures which were all fixed with stainless steel flexible intramedullary nail under fluoroscopy. Long leg cast was applied at the time of fixation. Partial weight bearing was started 2 weeks after surgery. Patients were evaluated in follow-up study to observe the alignment of fracture, infection, delayed union, nonunion, limb length discrepancy, motion of knee joint, and time to unite the fracture. Results： We were able to follow up 28 out of 32 patients. The patients were 8.14 years of age on average. The mean hospital stay after operation was 4 days and fracture union time was 9.57 weeks. There were 3 cases of varus angulation, 2 cases of anterior angulation, and 4 cases of limb lengthening. Conclusion： Patients aged between 5 and 13 years treated with flexible intramedullary nail for closed femoral shaft fracture have rapid union and recovery, short rehabilitation period, less immobilization and psychological impact, and cost-effective.
文摘Patients with chronic headache were offered treatment by acupuncture or massage with relaxation instead of a change in their prescribed medication. They were randomly allocated to either treatment. There was a significant improvement in pain ratings with both treatment types. Specifically a greater effect was seen in migraine patients treated by massage with relaxation when compared to acupuncture. No psychological factors were found to predict response to either treatment. At the end of the study, 13% of patients were significantly more worried that there may be a more serious cause underlying their headache despite reassurance and an improvement in their headache scores.
文摘The paper describes process details for extraction of rare earths from an intermediate grade concentrate of Madhya Pradesh region in India and a South African slag. The xenodme concentrate obtained from the former place was an intermediate grade （47%） rare earth phosphate containing both monazite and xenotime. The South African slag was a low-grade waste product typically containing only 4% of rare earths. The rare earth resource concentrates have been treated individually by different methods such as alkali fusion and alkali leaching to convert them into their mixed oxides. Both types of materials have been processed and greater than 98% solubilization of metal values has been achieved in the intermediate grade xenotime and 80% from the South African slag. The residue of xenotime hydroxide has been washed thoroughly to collect the sodium phosphate, as by-product and the slurry pH have been adjusted to separate rare earths from thorium effectively. Other impurities such as uranium and iron have been removed by precipitation of rare earths by oxalic acid. It has been possible to recover 〉95% yttrium along with other rare earth oxides.
