Analyzing social networks is a powerful tool for understanding the ecology of social species.While most studies focus on the role of each group member,few compare groups with different characteristics.The current popu...Analyzing social networks is a powerful tool for understanding the ecology of social species.While most studies focus on the role of each group member,few compare groups with different characteristics.The current population of Przewalski's horses Equus ferus przewalskii at the Great Gobi B Strictly Protected Area(Mongolia)includes groups of wild-born and captive-bred individuals with different experiences with the area(acclimatizing,long-term reintroduced,and wild-born),therefore serving as an ideal natural behavioral lab.We filmed 11 groups for 141.5 hours in summer 2018(July),late spring 2019(May,June),and autumn 2019(September,October).Affiliative and agonistic interactions were recorded,and social networks were created.We tested the influence of origin,experience,season,sex,age,relative time belonging to the group,relat-edness,and dominance rank on different network indices at the individual and group levels.We found that groups with greater experience in the area are generally better connected than members of the newly formed groups.However,these strong networks were created by wild-born individuals with very low interaction rates.On the contrary,inexperienced groups composed of captive-bred individuals displayed many inter actions but created weak social networks.The results show a trend of behavioral transition from acclimatizing through long-term reintroduced to wild-born groups,supporting that the newly formed groups of released Przewalski's horses need time to display the typical social behavior patterns of wild-born individuals.Long-term monitoring of released Przewalski's horses is recommended to promote the success of this reintroduction program.展开更多
目的探讨经单一内侧切口Austin跖骨截骨联合收肌、跖横韧带切断治疗轻中度外翻的临床疗效。方法 2006年5月-2009年1月,收治41例45足轻中度外翻。男9例10足,女32例35足;年龄23～71岁,平均45.3岁。左足22例,右足15例,双足4例。外翻...目的探讨经单一内侧切口Austin跖骨截骨联合收肌、跖横韧带切断治疗轻中度外翻的临床疗效。方法 2006年5月-2009年1月,收治41例45足轻中度外翻。男9例10足,女32例35足;年龄23～71岁,平均45.3岁。左足22例,右足15例,双足4例。外翻角(hallux valgus angle,HVA)为(33.1±1.4)°,第1、2跖间角为(20.4±1.1)°。患足功能根据美国矫形足踝协会(AOFAS)踝与后足评分标准评分为(47.2±3.7)分。于第1趾跖关节内侧作纵形切口,同时完成Austin跖骨截骨及收肌、跖横韧带等外侧软组织松解术。结果术中1足腓浅神经足背支损伤,行显微缝合修复。术后患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合。41例均获随访,随访时间16～36个月,平均26个月。术后3 d 2足出现前足内侧麻木,6周内自行缓解。X线片检查示截骨处均于8周内达骨性愈合。末次随访时HVA为(10.7±1.7)°,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(t=22.32,P=0.00);第1、2跖间角为(12.1±1.7)°,与术前比较差异亦有统计学意义(t=21.17,P=0.03)。AOFAS踝与后足评分为(84.9±4.5)分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(t=20.75,P=0.01)。随访期间无内翻、外翻及跖骨头坏死等并发症发生。结论经单一内侧切口Austin跖骨截骨联合收肌、跖横韧带等外侧软组织松解能有效矫正轻中度外翻,手术创伤小,避免了外侧切口瘢痕及腓深神经分支损伤等并发症的发生。展开更多
基金funded by Prague Zoo,the Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences(IGA-20213104)Nadace"Nadani Josefa,Marie a Zdenky Hlavkovych."。
文摘Analyzing social networks is a powerful tool for understanding the ecology of social species.While most studies focus on the role of each group member,few compare groups with different characteristics.The current population of Przewalski's horses Equus ferus przewalskii at the Great Gobi B Strictly Protected Area(Mongolia)includes groups of wild-born and captive-bred individuals with different experiences with the area(acclimatizing,long-term reintroduced,and wild-born),therefore serving as an ideal natural behavioral lab.We filmed 11 groups for 141.5 hours in summer 2018(July),late spring 2019(May,June),and autumn 2019(September,October).Affiliative and agonistic interactions were recorded,and social networks were created.We tested the influence of origin,experience,season,sex,age,relative time belonging to the group,relat-edness,and dominance rank on different network indices at the individual and group levels.We found that groups with greater experience in the area are generally better connected than members of the newly formed groups.However,these strong networks were created by wild-born individuals with very low interaction rates.On the contrary,inexperienced groups composed of captive-bred individuals displayed many inter actions but created weak social networks.The results show a trend of behavioral transition from acclimatizing through long-term reintroduced to wild-born groups,supporting that the newly formed groups of released Przewalski's horses need time to display the typical social behavior patterns of wild-born individuals.Long-term monitoring of released Przewalski's horses is recommended to promote the success of this reintroduction program.
文摘目的探讨经单一内侧切口Austin跖骨截骨联合收肌、跖横韧带切断治疗轻中度外翻的临床疗效。方法 2006年5月-2009年1月,收治41例45足轻中度外翻。男9例10足,女32例35足;年龄23～71岁,平均45.3岁。左足22例,右足15例,双足4例。外翻角(hallux valgus angle,HVA)为(33.1±1.4)°,第1、2跖间角为(20.4±1.1)°。患足功能根据美国矫形足踝协会(AOFAS)踝与后足评分标准评分为(47.2±3.7)分。于第1趾跖关节内侧作纵形切口,同时完成Austin跖骨截骨及收肌、跖横韧带等外侧软组织松解术。结果术中1足腓浅神经足背支损伤,行显微缝合修复。术后患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合。41例均获随访,随访时间16～36个月,平均26个月。术后3 d 2足出现前足内侧麻木,6周内自行缓解。X线片检查示截骨处均于8周内达骨性愈合。末次随访时HVA为(10.7±1.7)°,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(t=22.32,P=0.00);第1、2跖间角为(12.1±1.7)°,与术前比较差异亦有统计学意义(t=21.17,P=0.03)。AOFAS踝与后足评分为(84.9±4.5)分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(t=20.75,P=0.01)。随访期间无内翻、外翻及跖骨头坏死等并发症发生。结论经单一内侧切口Austin跖骨截骨联合收肌、跖横韧带等外侧软组织松解能有效矫正轻中度外翻,手术创伤小,避免了外侧切口瘢痕及腓深神经分支损伤等并发症的发生。
