基于LEAP模型(long-range energy alternatives planning system)评估北京市历史阶段(2000—2018年)道路机动车温室气体排放量的变化规律,并设置5种情景预测未来阶段(2019—2030年)机动车保有量、能源需求、温室气体排放量的发展趋势,...基于LEAP模型(long-range energy alternatives planning system)评估北京市历史阶段(2000—2018年)道路机动车温室气体排放量的变化规律,并设置5种情景预测未来阶段(2019—2030年)机动车保有量、能源需求、温室气体排放量的发展趋势,探究达峰年份,寻求最优发展路径。结果显示:未来北京市机动车保有量仍将持续增长,但平均年增长率降低至1.63%。机动车温室气体排放总量已于2013年达峰,峰值为21758563 t CO2e,对应能源消耗量为306383 TJ,未来所有情景下机动车温室气体排放量均呈不同程度下降。单一措施中提高机动车燃料经济性的减排效果最佳,综合3种减排措施的ODS情景(最优发展情景)是最优发展路径。展开更多
应用政府间气候变化专门委员会（intergovernmental panel on climate change,IPCC）推荐方法计算稻田不同技术组合温室气体排放量和单项技术减排潜力,运用边际减排成本曲线确定区域内由基准模式向最（次）优减排模式转化的相应成本,对...应用政府间气候变化专门委员会（intergovernmental panel on climate change,IPCC）推荐方法计算稻田不同技术组合温室气体排放量和单项技术减排潜力,运用边际减排成本曲线确定区域内由基准模式向最（次）优减排模式转化的相应成本,对稻田温室气体减排不同技术组合的成本-收益进行评估,确定成本有效性减排技术组合和区域内不同减排技术组合转化的边际减排成本。研究表明：（1）稻田土壤是最大排放源,其次是氮肥直接和间接排放。优化灌溉技术、氮素来源、轮作方式以及开展秸秆还田可降低水稻种植周期温室气体排放1.52%～40.17%,最大减排潜力来自于灌溉技术与模式选择差异;（2）以浙江省台州市黄岩区为例,以＂淹水灌溉＋化肥＋秸秆燃烧＂作为基准技术组合,由基准技术组合模式转向4种＂低排放＂技术组合模式的影子价格为1.63～9.79元·kg^-1CO2当量,＂淹水灌溉＋化肥＋秸秆移走（作建筑材料）＂技术组合模式最具成本有效性。展开更多
Study is conducted on the life cycle assessment of bio-ethanol used for transportation vehicles and their emissions. The emissions that are analyzed include greenhouse gases, volatile organic compounds, sulfur oxide, ...Study is conducted on the life cycle assessment of bio-ethanol used for transportation vehicles and their emissions. The emissions that are analyzed include greenhouse gases, volatile organic compounds, sulfur oxide, carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide, particulate matter with the size less than 10 and 2.5 microns. Furthermore, various blends of bio-ethanol and gasoline are studied to learn about the impacts of higher blend on emissions. The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation (GREET) model software are used to simulate for emissions. The research analyzes two pathways of emissions: Well-to-Pump and Pump-to-Vehicle analyses. It is found that the fuel cell vehicles using 100% bio-ethanol have shown the most reduction in the amount of all the pollutants from the Pump-to-Vehicle emission analysis. The Well-to-Pump analysis shows that only greenhouse gases (GHGs) reduce with higher blends of bio-ethanol. All other pollutants VOC, CO, NO<sub>x</sub>, SO<sub>x</sub>, PM10 and PM2.5 emissions increase with the higher blending ratios. The Pump-to-Vehicle analysis shows that all the pollutant emissions reduce with the percentage increase of bio-ethanol in the fuel blends.展开更多
Hujiatai Village, Xiong County, Hebei Province was nominated as the experimental unit of new countryside construction by Hebei Province in 2008. In order to make Hujiatai Village become a new countryside model with fr...Hujiatai Village, Xiong County, Hebei Province was nominated as the experimental unit of new countryside construction by Hebei Province in 2008. In order to make Hujiatai Village become a new countryside model with friendly ecological and environmental conditions, local energy resources should be considered. In this study, a mode of 'geothermal energy extraction-heat exchange-space heating-reinjection' was adopted to supply heat to resident houses in Hujiatai Village cooperating with a geothermal development entity based on the abundant geothermal resources, thereby constructing a clean, economic and autarkic new countryside energy system, which avoids utilization of fossil-energy, reduces emission of greenhouse gases and generation of solid coal cinder, protecting air and land environment, improving life quality of the people and building a typical model for Hebei Province and even for the whole country.展开更多
文摘基于LEAP模型(long-range energy alternatives planning system)评估北京市历史阶段(2000—2018年)道路机动车温室气体排放量的变化规律,并设置5种情景预测未来阶段(2019—2030年)机动车保有量、能源需求、温室气体排放量的发展趋势,探究达峰年份,寻求最优发展路径。结果显示:未来北京市机动车保有量仍将持续增长,但平均年增长率降低至1.63%。机动车温室气体排放总量已于2013年达峰,峰值为21758563 t CO2e,对应能源消耗量为306383 TJ,未来所有情景下机动车温室气体排放量均呈不同程度下降。单一措施中提高机动车燃料经济性的减排效果最佳,综合3种减排措施的ODS情景(最优发展情景)是最优发展路径。
文摘应用政府间气候变化专门委员会（intergovernmental panel on climate change,IPCC）推荐方法计算稻田不同技术组合温室气体排放量和单项技术减排潜力,运用边际减排成本曲线确定区域内由基准模式向最（次）优减排模式转化的相应成本,对稻田温室气体减排不同技术组合的成本-收益进行评估,确定成本有效性减排技术组合和区域内不同减排技术组合转化的边际减排成本。研究表明：（1）稻田土壤是最大排放源,其次是氮肥直接和间接排放。优化灌溉技术、氮素来源、轮作方式以及开展秸秆还田可降低水稻种植周期温室气体排放1.52%～40.17%,最大减排潜力来自于灌溉技术与模式选择差异;（2）以浙江省台州市黄岩区为例,以＂淹水灌溉＋化肥＋秸秆燃烧＂作为基准技术组合,由基准技术组合模式转向4种＂低排放＂技术组合模式的影子价格为1.63～9.79元·kg^-1CO2当量,＂淹水灌溉＋化肥＋秸秆移走（作建筑材料）＂技术组合模式最具成本有效性。
文摘Study is conducted on the life cycle assessment of bio-ethanol used for transportation vehicles and their emissions. The emissions that are analyzed include greenhouse gases, volatile organic compounds, sulfur oxide, carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide, particulate matter with the size less than 10 and 2.5 microns. Furthermore, various blends of bio-ethanol and gasoline are studied to learn about the impacts of higher blend on emissions. The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation (GREET) model software are used to simulate for emissions. The research analyzes two pathways of emissions: Well-to-Pump and Pump-to-Vehicle analyses. It is found that the fuel cell vehicles using 100% bio-ethanol have shown the most reduction in the amount of all the pollutants from the Pump-to-Vehicle emission analysis. The Well-to-Pump analysis shows that only greenhouse gases (GHGs) reduce with higher blends of bio-ethanol. All other pollutants VOC, CO, NO<sub>x</sub>, SO<sub>x</sub>, PM10 and PM2.5 emissions increase with the higher blending ratios. The Pump-to-Vehicle analysis shows that all the pollutant emissions reduce with the percentage increase of bio-ethanol in the fuel blends.
基金Supported by the Major Program of Water Resources Exploration in Beijing City(Exploration and Assessment Project of Karst Water Resources in Beijing City
文摘Hujiatai Village, Xiong County, Hebei Province was nominated as the experimental unit of new countryside construction by Hebei Province in 2008. In order to make Hujiatai Village become a new countryside model with friendly ecological and environmental conditions, local energy resources should be considered. In this study, a mode of 'geothermal energy extraction-heat exchange-space heating-reinjection' was adopted to supply heat to resident houses in Hujiatai Village cooperating with a geothermal development entity based on the abundant geothermal resources, thereby constructing a clean, economic and autarkic new countryside energy system, which avoids utilization of fossil-energy, reduces emission of greenhouse gases and generation of solid coal cinder, protecting air and land environment, improving life quality of the people and building a typical model for Hebei Province and even for the whole country.
