A new classification of path-delay fault testability in a combinational circuit is presented in terms of testability of stuck-at faults in an equivalent circuit. Earlier results describing correlation of path-delay an...A new classification of path-delay fault testability in a combinational circuit is presented in terms of testability of stuck-at faults in an equivalent circuit. Earlier results describing correlation of path-delay and stuck-at faults are either incomplete, or use a complex model of equivalent circuit based on timing parameters. It is shown here that a path-delay fault (rising or falling) is testable if and only if certain single or multiple stuck-at fault in the equivalent circuit is testable. Thus, all aspects of path-delay faults related to testability under various classification schemes can be interpreted using the stuck-at fault model alone. The results unify most of the existing concepts and provide a better understanding of path-delay faults in logic circuits. Keywords delay fault - false path - redundancy - stuck-at fault Regular PaperThis work was funded in part by Motorola India Electronics Ltd., Bangalore 560042, India.An earlier version of this paper appeared in the Proceedings of the 12th Int. Coaf. VLSI Design, Jan. 1999.Subhashis Majumder is a professor and course leader for the Computer Science and Engineering Department of International Institute of Information Technology, Kolkata. He started his career in Texas Instruments India Pvt. Ltd. and has over seven years of industry experience. He received his M. Tech degree in computer science from the Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata in 1996. His undergraduate work was done in the Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Dept. of the Jadvpur University, Koikata. He also worked as a research assistant in the Computer Eng. Dept. of Rutgers University for a year. He has led product development teams working on protocol stack development as well as VoIP. His current areas of interest include delay fault testing, wire routing, partitioning, approximation algorithms, and application of computational geometry to CAD problems.Bhargab B. Bhattacharya received the B.Sc. degree in physics from the Presidency College, Calcutta, the B.Tech. and M.Tech.展开更多
We conjecture the existence of massless neutrinos that are in the line of Standard Model (unable to account for the neutrino mass) but have characteristics that are not accounted for the Standard Model: they use a sho...We conjecture the existence of massless neutrinos that are in the line of Standard Model (unable to account for the neutrino mass) but have characteristics that are not accounted for the Standard Model: they use a shorter radial path than the photon and possess bosonic flavors, considered like bosons instead of fermions. We call this theory “neutrino temporal oscillation”. Faced with some experimental comparisons solar neutrinos, neutrinos from SN 1987A, cosmological neutrinos, the theory gives better results, explanations and sense than the complicated theory of neutrino oscillations (transformism). The deficit of detection of solar neutrinos would have been blindly attributed to the “neutrino oscillation” by physicists who quickly concluded that the neutrino and the photon follow the same transverse path. The “OPERA” experiment which measured the speed of neutrinos in 2011 resulted, after a “superluminal” saga, in neutrino speeds consistent with the speed of light, in data that the three existing types of neutrinos cannot explain, with the final outcome of a fourth “sterile” neutrino with non-standard interaction. OPERA findings aren’t just in conflict with existing theory, but other measurements as well. For example, a study from the Kamiokande II experiment in Japan of the supernova SN1987A found that light and neutrinos that departed this exploded star arrived at Earth within hours of each other. Even though measurements of the neutrinos emitted by this supernova strongly suggest that their speeds differ from light by less than one part in a billion, the fact remains that two types of data were collected, and that only one was retained to be consistent with the existing theory. Thus, the OPERA observation is in conflicts with the result of SN1987A, which itself is highly doubtful. And what about the neutrinos and antineutrinos born during the big bang, except that they were never detected and there is nothing to indicate that their speed could be other than that of light. Neutrino physi展开更多
文摘A new classification of path-delay fault testability in a combinational circuit is presented in terms of testability of stuck-at faults in an equivalent circuit. Earlier results describing correlation of path-delay and stuck-at faults are either incomplete, or use a complex model of equivalent circuit based on timing parameters. It is shown here that a path-delay fault (rising or falling) is testable if and only if certain single or multiple stuck-at fault in the equivalent circuit is testable. Thus, all aspects of path-delay faults related to testability under various classification schemes can be interpreted using the stuck-at fault model alone. The results unify most of the existing concepts and provide a better understanding of path-delay faults in logic circuits. Keywords delay fault - false path - redundancy - stuck-at fault Regular PaperThis work was funded in part by Motorola India Electronics Ltd., Bangalore 560042, India.An earlier version of this paper appeared in the Proceedings of the 12th Int. Coaf. VLSI Design, Jan. 1999.Subhashis Majumder is a professor and course leader for the Computer Science and Engineering Department of International Institute of Information Technology, Kolkata. He started his career in Texas Instruments India Pvt. Ltd. and has over seven years of industry experience. He received his M. Tech degree in computer science from the Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata in 1996. His undergraduate work was done in the Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Dept. of the Jadvpur University, Koikata. He also worked as a research assistant in the Computer Eng. Dept. of Rutgers University for a year. He has led product development teams working on protocol stack development as well as VoIP. His current areas of interest include delay fault testing, wire routing, partitioning, approximation algorithms, and application of computational geometry to CAD problems.Bhargab B. Bhattacharya received the B.Sc. degree in physics from the Presidency College, Calcutta, the B.Tech. and M.Tech.
文摘We conjecture the existence of massless neutrinos that are in the line of Standard Model (unable to account for the neutrino mass) but have characteristics that are not accounted for the Standard Model: they use a shorter radial path than the photon and possess bosonic flavors, considered like bosons instead of fermions. We call this theory “neutrino temporal oscillation”. Faced with some experimental comparisons solar neutrinos, neutrinos from SN 1987A, cosmological neutrinos, the theory gives better results, explanations and sense than the complicated theory of neutrino oscillations (transformism). The deficit of detection of solar neutrinos would have been blindly attributed to the “neutrino oscillation” by physicists who quickly concluded that the neutrino and the photon follow the same transverse path. The “OPERA” experiment which measured the speed of neutrinos in 2011 resulted, after a “superluminal” saga, in neutrino speeds consistent with the speed of light, in data that the three existing types of neutrinos cannot explain, with the final outcome of a fourth “sterile” neutrino with non-standard interaction. OPERA findings aren’t just in conflict with existing theory, but other measurements as well. For example, a study from the Kamiokande II experiment in Japan of the supernova SN1987A found that light and neutrinos that departed this exploded star arrived at Earth within hours of each other. Even though measurements of the neutrinos emitted by this supernova strongly suggest that their speeds differ from light by less than one part in a billion, the fact remains that two types of data were collected, and that only one was retained to be consistent with the existing theory. Thus, the OPERA observation is in conflicts with the result of SN1987A, which itself is highly doubtful. And what about the neutrinos and antineutrinos born during the big bang, except that they were never detected and there is nothing to indicate that their speed could be other than that of light. Neutrino physi
