Over the past few years, three photorespiratory bypasses have been introduced into plants, two of which led to observable in creases in photos yn thesis and biomass yield. However, most of the experiments were carried...Over the past few years, three photorespiratory bypasses have been introduced into plants, two of which led to observable in creases in photos yn thesis and biomass yield. However, most of the experiments were carried out using Arabidopsis under controlled environmental conditions, and the increases were only observed under low-light and short-day conditions. In this study, we designed a new photorespiratory bypass (called GOC bypass), characterized by no reducing equivalents being produced during a complete oxidation of glycolate into CO2 catalyzed by three rice-self-originating enzymes, i.e., glycolate oxidase, oxalate oxidase, and catalase. We successfully established this bypass in rice chloroplasts using a multi-gene assembly and transformation system. Transgenic rice plants carrying GOC bypass (GOC plants) showed significant increases in photosynthesis efficiency, biomass yield, and nitrogen content, as well as several other CO2-enriched phe no types under both greenhouse and field conditions .Grain yield of GOC plants varied depending on seeding season and was increased significantly in the spring. We further demonstrated that GOC plants had significant advantages under high-light conditions and that the improvements in GOC plants resulted primarily from a photosynthetic CO2-concentrating effect rather than from improved energy balance. Taken together, our results reveal that engineering a newly designed chloroplastic photorespiratory bypass could increase photosynthetic efficiency and yield of rice plants grown in field conditions, particularly under high light.展开更多
AIM:To test the ability of penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) to attenuate intestinal injury in a rat cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) model.METHODS:Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups (eight eac...AIM:To test the ability of penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) to attenuate intestinal injury in a rat cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) model.METHODS:Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups (eight each):sham-operated control;sham-operated low-dose PHC control (0.6 mg/kg);sham-operated high-dose PHC control (2.0 mg/kg);CPB vehicle control;CPB low-dose PHC (0.6 mg/kg);and CPB high-dose PHC (2.0 mg/kg).Blood samples were collected from the femoral artery 2 h after CPB for determination of plasma diamine oxidase (DAO),D-lactate and endotoxin levels.Spleen,liver,mesenteric lymph nodes and lung were removed for biochemical analyses.Intestinal tissue ultrastructure was examined by electron microscopy.RESULTS:In the sham-operated groups,high-and low-dose-PHC had no significant impact on the levels of DAO,D-lactate and endotoxin,or the incidence of intestinal bacterial translocation (BT).Serum levels of DAO,D-lactate,endotoxin and the incidence of intestinal BT were significantly increased in the surgical groups,compared with the sham-operated groups (0.543 ± 0.061,5.697 ± 0.272,14.75 ± 2.46,and 0/40 vs 1.038 ± 0.252,9.377 ± 0.769,60.37 ± 5.63,and 30/40,respectively,all P < 0.05).PHC alleviated the biochemical and histopathological changes in a dosedependent manner.Serum levels of DAO,D-lactate,and endotoxin and the incidence of intestinal BT in the high-dose PHC group were significantly lower than in the low-dose PHC group (0.637 ± 0.064,6.972 ± 0.349,29.64 ± 5.49,and 14/40 vs 0.998 ± 0.062,7.835 ± 0.330,38.56 ± 4.28,and 6/40,respectively,all P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:PHC protects the structure and function of the intestinal mucosa from injury after CPB in rats.展开更多
BACKGROUND Sedation with propofol injections is associated with a risk of addiction,but remimazolam benzenesulfonate is a comparable anesthetic with a short elimination half-life and independence from cell P450 enzyme...BACKGROUND Sedation with propofol injections is associated with a risk of addiction,but remimazolam benzenesulfonate is a comparable anesthetic with a short elimination half-life and independence from cell P450 enzyme metabolism.Compared to remimazolam,remimazolam benzenesulfonate has a faster effect,is more quickly metabolized,produces inactive metabolites and has weak drug interactions.Thus,remimazolam benzenesulfonate has good effectiveness and safety for diagnostic and operational sedation.AIM To investigate the clinical value of remimazolam benzenesulfonate in cardiac surgery patients under general anesthesia.METHODS A total of 80 patients who underwent surgery in the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery from August 2020 to April 2021 were included in the study.Using a random number table,patients were divided into two anesthesia induction groups of 40 patients each:remimazolam(0.3 mg/kg remimazolam benzenesulfonate)and propofol(1.5 mg/kg propofol).Hemodynamic parameters,inflammatory stress response indices,respiratory function indices,perioperative indices and adverse reactions in the two groups were monitored over time for comparison.RESULTS At pre-anesthesia induction,the remimazolam and propofol groups did not differ regarding heart rate,mean arterial pressure,cardiac index or volume per wave index.After endotracheal intubation and when the sternum was cut off,mean arterial pressure and volume per wave index were significantly higher in the remimazolam group than in the propofol group(P<0.05).After endotracheal intubation,the oxygenation index and the respiratory index did not differ between the groups.After endotracheal intubation and when the sternum was cut off,the oxygenation index values were significantly higher in the remimazolam group than in the propofol group(P<0.05).Serum interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-αlevels 12 h after surgery were significantly higher than before surgery in both groups(P<0.05).The observation indices were re-examined 2 h after surgery,and the epinephrine,cortisol 展开更多
Objective To explore the effects of ultrafiltration technique in preventing and relieving pulmonary injury in children undergoing open heart surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Methods Thirty cases with congenit...Objective To explore the effects of ultrafiltration technique in preventing and relieving pulmonary injury in children undergoing open heart surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Methods Thirty cases with congenital heart defects were divided into a control group and an experimental group. In the control group,conventional cardiopulmonary bypass was used without ultrafiltration; while in the experimental group,cardiopulmonary bypass with balanced ultrafiltration and modified ultrafiltration were used. Pulmonary static compliance (C stat ),airway resistance (R aw ),alveolar-arterial oxygen difference (A-a DO 2),hematocrit (HCT),serum albumin (Alb),interleukin-6 (IL-6),endothelia-1 (ET-1) and thromboxane (TXB 2) were measured. Results The pulmonary function was improved,HCT and serum albumin concentrations were increased,and some harmful medium-size solutes were decreased in the experimental groups compared with the control group.Conclusions Combination of balanced ultrafiltration with modified ultrafiltration can effectively concentrate blood,exclude harmful inflammatory mediators,and attenuate lung edema and inflammatory responsive pulmonary injury.展开更多
Objective： To investigate the protective effect of Shenfu Injection （参附注射液, SFI） against myocardium ischemia/reperfusion injury （IRI） in mitral valve replacement （MVR） with cardiopulmonary bypass （CPB）. ...Objective： To investigate the protective effect of Shenfu Injection （参附注射液, SFI） against myocardium ischemia/reperfusion injury （IRI） in mitral valve replacement （MVR） with cardiopulmonary bypass （CPB）. Metheds： Forty patients undergoing selective MVR were randomly assigned to the control group and trial Groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ,Ⅲ, and Ⅳ according to the different administrations of SFI, 8 patients in each group. The changes of systolic blood pressure （SBP）, mean blood pressure （MBP）, diastolic blood pressure （DBP） in each group were monitored, respectively. The recovering percentage of spontaneous heart beat, the heart rate （HR） and cardiac rhythm as well as the abnormal duration of ECG-ST segment were recorded after the restoration of heart beat. The serum concentration of cardiac troponin Ⅰ （cTnl）, malondialdehyde （MDA） and the activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD） were determined as well. Results： （1） The SBP, MBP and DBP values, the recovering rate of spontaneous heart beat, HR, ECG-ST, atrioventricular block and ventricular arrhythmia were significantly improved in group Ⅳ compared with any other groups. （2） Compared with the control group, the postoperative serum contents of cTnl and MDA were significantly decreased, but the activity of SOD was significantly increased in group Ⅳ. Cenclusiens： SFI had a certain protective effect against myocardium IRI. Moreover, better efficacy was seen with the administration of 1.5 mL/kg SFI into CPB priming fluid and pumping 1.5 mL/kg SFI via CPB as soon as the clamped aorta was unclamped.展开更多
Background Surgical interventions for moyamoya disease include direct and indirect revascularizations. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass c...Background Surgical interventions for moyamoya disease include direct and indirect revascularizations. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass combined with an indirect revascularization procedure, encephalo-duro-myo-synangiosis, in the treatment of moyamoya disease. Methods From October 2005 to November 2009, we performed this combined revascularization procedure in 111 patients with different types and stages of moyamoya disease. The superficial temporal artery, middle meningeal artery and the deep temporal artery were evaluated for individualized surgical planning in these cases. The integrity of the deep temporal artery and the middle meningeal artery network, and the pre-existing spontaneous anastomoses of the distal branches of the external carotid artery with the cortical arteries were well preserved. The mean follow-up time was 72.5 months, all clinical and radiological data were retrospectively reviewed. Results A total of 198 stomas were performed in 122 hemispheres, all remaining patent until the last follow-up. The encephalo-duro-myo-synangiosis resulted in extensive anastomoses of the deep temporal artery （100%）, the middle meningeal artery （90.9%）, and the sphenopalatine artery （39.8%） with the cortical arteries, respectitvely. The superficial temporal artery, deep temporal artery, and the middle meningeal artery were significantly thickened in 88 patients as determined by digital subtraction angiography at follow-up. The relative cerebral blood flow increased significantly within one week after the operation. At 6 months post the operation, the relative cerebral blood flow was further increased by 15.5% from the gradual formation of anastomoses as a result of indirect revascularization. Transient ischemic attacks were effectively reduced or totally arrested. The neurological deficits significantly improved in 37 patients, with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores lowered by 2-8. There was no rehemo展开更多
Background It has found that ischemic postconditioning （IPO） might decrease pulmonary ischemia/reperfusion （I/ R） injury,which is one of the main reasons of lung injury caused by cardiopulmonary bypass （CPB）.It ...Background It has found that ischemic postconditioning （IPO） might decrease pulmonary ischemia/reperfusion （I/ R） injury,which is one of the main reasons of lung injury caused by cardiopulmonary bypass （CPB）.It was found that aquaporins （AQPs） play a role in the maintenance of fluid homeostasis.But it is still unclear whether IPO influences the expression of aquaporin-1 （AQP1）.This study was designed to investigate whether IPO can reduce CPB-related lung injury and affect the expression of AQP1 of lungs.Methods Twelve healthy dogs were divided into control group （C group） and ischemia postconditioning group （IPO group）.CPB procedures were implemented.Ten minutes later,the left pulmonary artery was separated and blocked.Postconditioning consisted of two cycles of 5-minute pulmonary artery reperfusion/5-minute reocclusion starting at the beginning of reperfusion.The 2×4 cm tissues of both sides of pulmonary apex,superior,middle and inferior lobe were taken before CPB （T1）,before occlusion and reopening of left pulmonary artery （T2,T3）,and 2 hours after CPB （T4）.Samples were used to evaluate lung injury degrees and to detect the expression of AQP1.At T1 and T4,blood was collected from femoral artery to calculate pulmonary function.Results At T4,each pulmonary function showed significant deterioration compared with T1.Lung injury could be found at the onset of CPB.However,the expression of AQP1 decreased and wet to dry weight ratio （W/D） increased after T2.In the left lung of C group,the worst pulmonary function and structures were detected.The slightest changes were discovered in the right lung of C group.A close relationship between W/D and lung injury score was found.The lung injury score was negatively related with the expression of AQP1.It was found that the expression of AQP1 was negatively connected with W/D.Conclusions In dog CPB models,lung injury induced by CPB was related with down regulated expression of AQP1.AQP1 is believed to be involved in the mechanisms of展开更多
Research to date indicates that the number of coronary artery bypass graft （CABG） surgery patients affected by depression （i.e., major, minor, dysthymia） approximates between 30% and 40% of all cases. A longstandi...Research to date indicates that the number of coronary artery bypass graft （CABG） surgery patients affected by depression （i.e., major, minor, dysthymia） approximates between 30% and 40% of all cases. A longstanding empirical interest on psychosocial factors in CABG surgery patients highlights an association with increased risk of morbidity in the short and longer term. Recent evidence suggests that both depression and anxiety increase the risk for mortality and morbidity after CABG surgery independent of medical factors, although the behavioral and biological mechanisms are poorly understood. Though neither depression nor anxiety seem to markedly affect neuropsy- chological dysfunction, depression confers a risk for incident delirium. Following a comprehensive overview of recent literature, practical advice is described for clinicians taking into consideration possible screening aids to improve recognition of anxiety and depression among CABG surgery patients. An overview of contemporary interventions and randomized, controlled trials are described, along with suggestions for future CABG surgery research.展开更多
Background Myocardial bridging with systolic compression of the left anterior descending coronary artery （LAD） may be associated with myocardial ischaemia. The clinical outcome in patients with surgical treatment fo...Background Myocardial bridging with systolic compression of the left anterior descending coronary artery （LAD） may be associated with myocardial ischaemia. The clinical outcome in patients with surgical treatment for symptomatic myocardial bridging remains undetermined. This study assessed the middle- and long-term results of surgical treatment for symptomatic myocardial bridging. Methods From 1997 to 2006, 37 463 patients received selective coronary angiography in the Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, Beijing, China. Of these, 484 patients had angiographic diagnosis of myocardial bridging. Of the 484 patients, 35 underwent surgery for treatment of myocardial bridging with significant systolic arterial compression. Among the surgical treatment patients, 24 presented with other cardiac disorders, and the remaining 11 symptomatic patients with isolated myocardial bridging were included in the follow-up study. Results The angiographic prevalence of myocardial bridging was 1.3% in this study. The coronary angiographies of the 11 patients revealed myocardial bridging in the middle segment of LAD causing systolic compression 〉75% （ranging from 75% to 90%）. The mean age of patients was 48,4 years. Surgical myotomy was performed in 3 patients and coronary artery bypass grafting （CABG） in 8 patients. Eight patients were operated on with an off-pump approach and 3 with a cardiopulmonary bypass technique after median sternotomy. Conversion to on-pump CABG surgery was necessary in 1 patient because of perforation of the right ventricle. The left internal mammary artery was used in all patients with CABG. The acute clinical success rate was 100% with respect to the absence of myocardial infarction, death or other major in-hospital complications. All of the patients were followed up clinically. The median follow-up was 35.3 months （range： 6 to 120 months）. Nine patients were free from symptoms and one of them continued taking beta blockers. The remaining 2 patients with myotomy had atypical chest pain. One rec展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31470343, 31770256)the Science and Technology Project of Guangzhou City (201607020006).
文摘Over the past few years, three photorespiratory bypasses have been introduced into plants, two of which led to observable in creases in photos yn thesis and biomass yield. However, most of the experiments were carried out using Arabidopsis under controlled environmental conditions, and the increases were only observed under low-light and short-day conditions. In this study, we designed a new photorespiratory bypass (called GOC bypass), characterized by no reducing equivalents being produced during a complete oxidation of glycolate into CO2 catalyzed by three rice-self-originating enzymes, i.e., glycolate oxidase, oxalate oxidase, and catalase. We successfully established this bypass in rice chloroplasts using a multi-gene assembly and transformation system. Transgenic rice plants carrying GOC bypass (GOC plants) showed significant increases in photosynthesis efficiency, biomass yield, and nitrogen content, as well as several other CO2-enriched phe no types under both greenhouse and field conditions .Grain yield of GOC plants varied depending on seeding season and was increased significantly in the spring. We further demonstrated that GOC plants had significant advantages under high-light conditions and that the improvements in GOC plants resulted primarily from a photosynthetic CO2-concentrating effect rather than from improved energy balance. Taken together, our results reveal that engineering a newly designed chloroplastic photorespiratory bypass could increase photosynthetic efficiency and yield of rice plants grown in field conditions, particularly under high light.
基金Supported by A grant from the Doctor Priming Foundation of Liaoning Province,No. 20091099
文摘AIM:To test the ability of penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) to attenuate intestinal injury in a rat cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) model.METHODS:Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups (eight each):sham-operated control;sham-operated low-dose PHC control (0.6 mg/kg);sham-operated high-dose PHC control (2.0 mg/kg);CPB vehicle control;CPB low-dose PHC (0.6 mg/kg);and CPB high-dose PHC (2.0 mg/kg).Blood samples were collected from the femoral artery 2 h after CPB for determination of plasma diamine oxidase (DAO),D-lactate and endotoxin levels.Spleen,liver,mesenteric lymph nodes and lung were removed for biochemical analyses.Intestinal tissue ultrastructure was examined by electron microscopy.RESULTS:In the sham-operated groups,high-and low-dose-PHC had no significant impact on the levels of DAO,D-lactate and endotoxin,or the incidence of intestinal bacterial translocation (BT).Serum levels of DAO,D-lactate,endotoxin and the incidence of intestinal BT were significantly increased in the surgical groups,compared with the sham-operated groups (0.543 ± 0.061,5.697 ± 0.272,14.75 ± 2.46,and 0/40 vs 1.038 ± 0.252,9.377 ± 0.769,60.37 ± 5.63,and 30/40,respectively,all P < 0.05).PHC alleviated the biochemical and histopathological changes in a dosedependent manner.Serum levels of DAO,D-lactate,and endotoxin and the incidence of intestinal BT in the high-dose PHC group were significantly lower than in the low-dose PHC group (0.637 ± 0.064,6.972 ± 0.349,29.64 ± 5.49,and 14/40 vs 0.998 ± 0.062,7.835 ± 0.330,38.56 ± 4.28,and 6/40,respectively,all P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:PHC protects the structure and function of the intestinal mucosa from injury after CPB in rats.
基金The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Ethics Committee.
文摘BACKGROUND Sedation with propofol injections is associated with a risk of addiction,but remimazolam benzenesulfonate is a comparable anesthetic with a short elimination half-life and independence from cell P450 enzyme metabolism.Compared to remimazolam,remimazolam benzenesulfonate has a faster effect,is more quickly metabolized,produces inactive metabolites and has weak drug interactions.Thus,remimazolam benzenesulfonate has good effectiveness and safety for diagnostic and operational sedation.AIM To investigate the clinical value of remimazolam benzenesulfonate in cardiac surgery patients under general anesthesia.METHODS A total of 80 patients who underwent surgery in the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery from August 2020 to April 2021 were included in the study.Using a random number table,patients were divided into two anesthesia induction groups of 40 patients each:remimazolam(0.3 mg/kg remimazolam benzenesulfonate)and propofol(1.5 mg/kg propofol).Hemodynamic parameters,inflammatory stress response indices,respiratory function indices,perioperative indices and adverse reactions in the two groups were monitored over time for comparison.RESULTS At pre-anesthesia induction,the remimazolam and propofol groups did not differ regarding heart rate,mean arterial pressure,cardiac index or volume per wave index.After endotracheal intubation and when the sternum was cut off,mean arterial pressure and volume per wave index were significantly higher in the remimazolam group than in the propofol group(P<0.05).After endotracheal intubation,the oxygenation index and the respiratory index did not differ between the groups.After endotracheal intubation and when the sternum was cut off,the oxygenation index values were significantly higher in the remimazolam group than in the propofol group(P<0.05).Serum interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-αlevels 12 h after surgery were significantly higher than before surgery in both groups(P<0.05).The observation indices were re-examined 2 h after surgery,and the epinephrine,cortisol
基金ThisresearchwassupportedbyagrantfromtheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina (No 3 0 170 92 9)
文摘Objective To explore the effects of ultrafiltration technique in preventing and relieving pulmonary injury in children undergoing open heart surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Methods Thirty cases with congenital heart defects were divided into a control group and an experimental group. In the control group,conventional cardiopulmonary bypass was used without ultrafiltration; while in the experimental group,cardiopulmonary bypass with balanced ultrafiltration and modified ultrafiltration were used. Pulmonary static compliance (C stat ),airway resistance (R aw ),alveolar-arterial oxygen difference (A-a DO 2),hematocrit (HCT),serum albumin (Alb),interleukin-6 (IL-6),endothelia-1 (ET-1) and thromboxane (TXB 2) were measured. Results The pulmonary function was improved,HCT and serum albumin concentrations were increased,and some harmful medium-size solutes were decreased in the experimental groups compared with the control group.Conclusions Combination of balanced ultrafiltration with modified ultrafiltration can effectively concentrate blood,exclude harmful inflammatory mediators,and attenuate lung edema and inflammatory responsive pulmonary injury.
文摘Objective： To investigate the protective effect of Shenfu Injection （参附注射液, SFI） against myocardium ischemia/reperfusion injury （IRI） in mitral valve replacement （MVR） with cardiopulmonary bypass （CPB）. Metheds： Forty patients undergoing selective MVR were randomly assigned to the control group and trial Groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ,Ⅲ, and Ⅳ according to the different administrations of SFI, 8 patients in each group. The changes of systolic blood pressure （SBP）, mean blood pressure （MBP）, diastolic blood pressure （DBP） in each group were monitored, respectively. The recovering percentage of spontaneous heart beat, the heart rate （HR） and cardiac rhythm as well as the abnormal duration of ECG-ST segment were recorded after the restoration of heart beat. The serum concentration of cardiac troponin Ⅰ （cTnl）, malondialdehyde （MDA） and the activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD） were determined as well. Results： （1） The SBP, MBP and DBP values, the recovering rate of spontaneous heart beat, HR, ECG-ST, atrioventricular block and ventricular arrhythmia were significantly improved in group Ⅳ compared with any other groups. （2） Compared with the control group, the postoperative serum contents of cTnl and MDA were significantly decreased, but the activity of SOD was significantly increased in group Ⅳ. Cenclusiens： SFI had a certain protective effect against myocardium IRI. Moreover, better efficacy was seen with the administration of 1.5 mL/kg SFI into CPB priming fluid and pumping 1.5 mL/kg SFI via CPB as soon as the clamped aorta was unclamped.
基金grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China，Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Science and Technology Committee
文摘Background Surgical interventions for moyamoya disease include direct and indirect revascularizations. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass combined with an indirect revascularization procedure, encephalo-duro-myo-synangiosis, in the treatment of moyamoya disease. Methods From October 2005 to November 2009, we performed this combined revascularization procedure in 111 patients with different types and stages of moyamoya disease. The superficial temporal artery, middle meningeal artery and the deep temporal artery were evaluated for individualized surgical planning in these cases. The integrity of the deep temporal artery and the middle meningeal artery network, and the pre-existing spontaneous anastomoses of the distal branches of the external carotid artery with the cortical arteries were well preserved. The mean follow-up time was 72.5 months, all clinical and radiological data were retrospectively reviewed. Results A total of 198 stomas were performed in 122 hemispheres, all remaining patent until the last follow-up. The encephalo-duro-myo-synangiosis resulted in extensive anastomoses of the deep temporal artery （100%）, the middle meningeal artery （90.9%）, and the sphenopalatine artery （39.8%） with the cortical arteries, respectitvely. The superficial temporal artery, deep temporal artery, and the middle meningeal artery were significantly thickened in 88 patients as determined by digital subtraction angiography at follow-up. The relative cerebral blood flow increased significantly within one week after the operation. At 6 months post the operation, the relative cerebral blood flow was further increased by 15.5% from the gradual formation of anastomoses as a result of indirect revascularization. Transient ischemic attacks were effectively reduced or totally arrested. The neurological deficits significantly improved in 37 patients, with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores lowered by 2-8. There was no rehemo
文摘Background It has found that ischemic postconditioning （IPO） might decrease pulmonary ischemia/reperfusion （I/ R） injury,which is one of the main reasons of lung injury caused by cardiopulmonary bypass （CPB）.It was found that aquaporins （AQPs） play a role in the maintenance of fluid homeostasis.But it is still unclear whether IPO influences the expression of aquaporin-1 （AQP1）.This study was designed to investigate whether IPO can reduce CPB-related lung injury and affect the expression of AQP1 of lungs.Methods Twelve healthy dogs were divided into control group （C group） and ischemia postconditioning group （IPO group）.CPB procedures were implemented.Ten minutes later,the left pulmonary artery was separated and blocked.Postconditioning consisted of two cycles of 5-minute pulmonary artery reperfusion/5-minute reocclusion starting at the beginning of reperfusion.The 2×4 cm tissues of both sides of pulmonary apex,superior,middle and inferior lobe were taken before CPB （T1）,before occlusion and reopening of left pulmonary artery （T2,T3）,and 2 hours after CPB （T4）.Samples were used to evaluate lung injury degrees and to detect the expression of AQP1.At T1 and T4,blood was collected from femoral artery to calculate pulmonary function.Results At T4,each pulmonary function showed significant deterioration compared with T1.Lung injury could be found at the onset of CPB.However,the expression of AQP1 decreased and wet to dry weight ratio （W/D） increased after T2.In the left lung of C group,the worst pulmonary function and structures were detected.The slightest changes were discovered in the right lung of C group.A close relationship between W/D and lung injury score was found.The lung injury score was negatively related with the expression of AQP1.It was found that the expression of AQP1 was negatively connected with W/D.Conclusions In dog CPB models,lung injury induced by CPB was related with down regulated expression of AQP1.AQP1 is believed to be involved in the mechanisms of
文摘Research to date indicates that the number of coronary artery bypass graft （CABG） surgery patients affected by depression （i.e., major, minor, dysthymia） approximates between 30% and 40% of all cases. A longstanding empirical interest on psychosocial factors in CABG surgery patients highlights an association with increased risk of morbidity in the short and longer term. Recent evidence suggests that both depression and anxiety increase the risk for mortality and morbidity after CABG surgery independent of medical factors, although the behavioral and biological mechanisms are poorly understood. Though neither depression nor anxiety seem to markedly affect neuropsy- chological dysfunction, depression confers a risk for incident delirium. Following a comprehensive overview of recent literature, practical advice is described for clinicians taking into consideration possible screening aids to improve recognition of anxiety and depression among CABG surgery patients. An overview of contemporary interventions and randomized, controlled trials are described, along with suggestions for future CABG surgery research.
文摘Background Myocardial bridging with systolic compression of the left anterior descending coronary artery （LAD） may be associated with myocardial ischaemia. The clinical outcome in patients with surgical treatment for symptomatic myocardial bridging remains undetermined. This study assessed the middle- and long-term results of surgical treatment for symptomatic myocardial bridging. Methods From 1997 to 2006, 37 463 patients received selective coronary angiography in the Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, Beijing, China. Of these, 484 patients had angiographic diagnosis of myocardial bridging. Of the 484 patients, 35 underwent surgery for treatment of myocardial bridging with significant systolic arterial compression. Among the surgical treatment patients, 24 presented with other cardiac disorders, and the remaining 11 symptomatic patients with isolated myocardial bridging were included in the follow-up study. Results The angiographic prevalence of myocardial bridging was 1.3% in this study. The coronary angiographies of the 11 patients revealed myocardial bridging in the middle segment of LAD causing systolic compression 〉75% （ranging from 75% to 90%）. The mean age of patients was 48,4 years. Surgical myotomy was performed in 3 patients and coronary artery bypass grafting （CABG） in 8 patients. Eight patients were operated on with an off-pump approach and 3 with a cardiopulmonary bypass technique after median sternotomy. Conversion to on-pump CABG surgery was necessary in 1 patient because of perforation of the right ventricle. The left internal mammary artery was used in all patients with CABG. The acute clinical success rate was 100% with respect to the absence of myocardial infarction, death or other major in-hospital complications. All of the patients were followed up clinically. The median follow-up was 35.3 months （range： 6 to 120 months）. Nine patients were free from symptoms and one of them continued taking beta blockers. The remaining 2 patients with myotomy had atypical chest pain. One rec
