Three assays were developed from April 3, 1995 to October 10, 2005. The work with corn was conducted in a greenhouse, using velvet bean (Mucuna aterrima) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) as green manure with 15N labe...Three assays were developed from April 3, 1995 to October 10, 2005. The work with corn was conducted in a greenhouse, using velvet bean (Mucuna aterrima) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) as green manure with 15N labeling of either shoots or roots, in two soils with contrasting textural classes. The mineralization of N from legume plants incorporated into the two soils was investigated too. This work included two green manures: velvet bean and sunn hemp, and the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) residues. Nitrogen from the velvet bean accounted for a greater proportion of the soil inorganic N;shoots were responsible for most of N accumulated. Common bean residues caused immobilization of inorganic N. The leguminous species added were intensively and promptly mineralized, preserving the soil native nitrogen. One hundred days after emergence of the corn, velvet bean provided higher accumulation of nitrogen in the soil, higher absorption by corn plants and accumulation in the aerial part. The green manure decomposition was more intense in the medium textured soil. In this soil, highest nitrogen losses were also observed. The sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) was cultivated for five years in the field and was harvested three times;15N recovery was evaluated in the first two harvests. The combination of inorganic fertilizer and green manure resulted in higher sugarcane yields than either N source applied separately;however, in the second cutting the yields were higher where sunn hemp was used than in plots with ammonium sulfate. The recovery of N by the first two consecutive harvests accounted for 19% to 21% of the N applied as sunn hemp and 46% to 49% of the N applied as ammonium sulfate. Very little inorganic N was present in the 0-40 cm soil layer with both N sources.展开更多
【目的】蛀茎夜蛾Sesamia spp.是伊朗和其他国家(包括印度、巴基斯坦、斯里兰卡和日本)甘蔗上最具破坏性的害虫。蛀茎夜蛾幼虫钻蛀茎秆,对茎秆产生为害,降低重量和含糖量并降低甘蔗汁品质。应用抗性品种是一种有效的工具,对环境无不利...【目的】蛀茎夜蛾Sesamia spp.是伊朗和其他国家(包括印度、巴基斯坦、斯里兰卡和日本)甘蔗上最具破坏性的害虫。蛀茎夜蛾幼虫钻蛀茎秆,对茎秆产生为害,降低重量和含糖量并降低甘蔗汁品质。应用抗性品种是一种有效的工具,对环境无不利影响。本研究旨在评价甘蔗商业品种对蛀茎夜蛾的抗性。【方法】在伊朗Ahwaz的Salman-Farsi Agro-industry Farms于2013-2014和2014-2015两个连续年份,采用随机区组设计进行5次重复试验。应用了CP69-1062,CP48-103,CP57-614,CP73-21,SP70-1143,IRC99-01,IRC99-02和L62-96 8个品种。在收获前,随机取20株完整的甘蔗茎秆进行蛀茎夜蛾的为害评估。记录受害茎秆百分比、被钻蛀的节间百分比(percent of internodes bored,IB)、出口孔的数目、活的蛀茎夜蛾的数目、每品种每公顷面积中蛾的繁殖量(moth production per hectare of each variety,MP)。【结果】各测定参数在品种间均存在显著差异。从被钻蛀的节间百分比和蛾的繁殖指数判断,L62-96是最敏感的品种(2014年:14.58%IB,95 200 MP/ha;2015年:16.76%IB和111 300 MP/ha),其次是CP69-1062和CP48-103;CP57-614是这两年中抗性最强的品种(2014年:1.24%IB,8 400 MP/ha;2015年:1.02%IB,7 000 MP/ha)。【结论】建议限制敏感品种的栽培,并应用其他控制措施,结合品种抗性,以治理敏感品种中的蛀茎夜蛾。展开更多
New strategies are required in the sugarcane selection process to optimize the genetic gains in breeding programs. Conventional selection strategies have the disadvantage of requiring the weighing of all the plants in...New strategies are required in the sugarcane selection process to optimize the genetic gains in breeding programs. Conventional selection strategies have the disadvantage of requiring the weighing of all the plants in a plot or a sample of stalks and the counting of the number of stalks in all the experimental plots, which cannot always be performed because more than 200,000 genotypes routinely comprise the first test phase (T1) of most sugarcane breeding programs. One way to circumvent this problem is to use decision trees to rank the yield components (the stalk height, the stalk diameter and the number of stalks) and to subsequently use this categorization to select the best families for a specific trait. The objective of this study was to evaluate the categorization of yield components using the classification and regression tree (CART) algorithm as a family selection strategy by comparing the performance of CART with those of conventional methods that require the weighing of stalks, such as the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) with sequential (BLUPS) or individual simulated (BLUPIS) procedures. Data from five experiments performed in May 2007 in a randomized block design were analyzed. Each experiment consisted of five blocks, 22 families and two controls (commercial varieties). CART effectively defined the classes of the yield components and selected the best families with an accuracy of 74% compared to BLUPS and BLUPIS. Families with at least 11 stalks per linear meter of furrow resulted in productivities that were above the average productivity of the commercial varieties used in this study and are, therefore, recommended for selection.展开更多
The objective of this work was to evaluate the development of pre-budded sugarcane seedlings from buds submitted to treatments with fertilizer and plant regulators. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomi...The objective of this work was to evaluate the development of pre-budded sugarcane seedlings from buds submitted to treatments with fertilizer and plant regulators. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with six replicates. The treatments of the yolks were carried out in the concentration of 1% of volume with the following products: Witness—without treatment of the gems;Kinetin 0.009% + Gibberellic acid 0.005% + 4-Indole-3-butyric acid 0.005% (Stimulate®);Seaweed Extract (Ascophyllum nodosum) and Potassium Hydroxide—3.5% K2O (ExpertGrow®) and ethephon 72% (Ethrel®) + pH Reducer (Kill®). The percentage of shoot buds, number of tillers, number of leaves, leaf area, stem diameter, shoot dry mass, root and total were evaluated. The control, as well as Stimulate®and Ethrel®provided higher sprouting percentages. Ethrel®was the product that promoted the highest number of tillers and leaves. The leaf area did not change due to the use of the products or not. The dry mass of both shoot, root and total leaves showed no significant weight changes among the evaluated treatments. It is concluded that the use of ExpertGrow®is not recommended for treatment of pre-sprouted sugarcane seedlings because it provided fewer shoots at 28 days after planting of the yolk and that Ethrel®is recommended because it provided a larger number of the buds evaluated.展开更多
基金To the technical research support of Gilberto Farias,Benedito Mota,and Maria Aparecida C.de GodoyTo FAPESP and CNPq for the grants.Piraíseeds for green manure and cover crops and Fundag for the support.
文摘Three assays were developed from April 3, 1995 to October 10, 2005. The work with corn was conducted in a greenhouse, using velvet bean (Mucuna aterrima) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) as green manure with 15N labeling of either shoots or roots, in two soils with contrasting textural classes. The mineralization of N from legume plants incorporated into the two soils was investigated too. This work included two green manures: velvet bean and sunn hemp, and the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) residues. Nitrogen from the velvet bean accounted for a greater proportion of the soil inorganic N;shoots were responsible for most of N accumulated. Common bean residues caused immobilization of inorganic N. The leguminous species added were intensively and promptly mineralized, preserving the soil native nitrogen. One hundred days after emergence of the corn, velvet bean provided higher accumulation of nitrogen in the soil, higher absorption by corn plants and accumulation in the aerial part. The green manure decomposition was more intense in the medium textured soil. In this soil, highest nitrogen losses were also observed. The sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) was cultivated for five years in the field and was harvested three times;15N recovery was evaluated in the first two harvests. The combination of inorganic fertilizer and green manure resulted in higher sugarcane yields than either N source applied separately;however, in the second cutting the yields were higher where sunn hemp was used than in plots with ammonium sulfate. The recovery of N by the first two consecutive harvests accounted for 19% to 21% of the N applied as sunn hemp and 46% to 49% of the N applied as ammonium sulfate. Very little inorganic N was present in the 0-40 cm soil layer with both N sources.
文摘【目的】蛀茎夜蛾Sesamia spp.是伊朗和其他国家(包括印度、巴基斯坦、斯里兰卡和日本)甘蔗上最具破坏性的害虫。蛀茎夜蛾幼虫钻蛀茎秆,对茎秆产生为害,降低重量和含糖量并降低甘蔗汁品质。应用抗性品种是一种有效的工具,对环境无不利影响。本研究旨在评价甘蔗商业品种对蛀茎夜蛾的抗性。【方法】在伊朗Ahwaz的Salman-Farsi Agro-industry Farms于2013-2014和2014-2015两个连续年份,采用随机区组设计进行5次重复试验。应用了CP69-1062,CP48-103,CP57-614,CP73-21,SP70-1143,IRC99-01,IRC99-02和L62-96 8个品种。在收获前,随机取20株完整的甘蔗茎秆进行蛀茎夜蛾的为害评估。记录受害茎秆百分比、被钻蛀的节间百分比(percent of internodes bored,IB)、出口孔的数目、活的蛀茎夜蛾的数目、每品种每公顷面积中蛾的繁殖量(moth production per hectare of each variety,MP)。【结果】各测定参数在品种间均存在显著差异。从被钻蛀的节间百分比和蛾的繁殖指数判断,L62-96是最敏感的品种(2014年:14.58%IB,95 200 MP/ha;2015年:16.76%IB和111 300 MP/ha),其次是CP69-1062和CP48-103;CP57-614是这两年中抗性最强的品种(2014年:1.24%IB,8 400 MP/ha;2015年:1.02%IB,7 000 MP/ha)。【结论】建议限制敏感品种的栽培,并应用其他控制措施,结合品种抗性,以治理敏感品种中的蛀茎夜蛾。
文摘New strategies are required in the sugarcane selection process to optimize the genetic gains in breeding programs. Conventional selection strategies have the disadvantage of requiring the weighing of all the plants in a plot or a sample of stalks and the counting of the number of stalks in all the experimental plots, which cannot always be performed because more than 200,000 genotypes routinely comprise the first test phase (T1) of most sugarcane breeding programs. One way to circumvent this problem is to use decision trees to rank the yield components (the stalk height, the stalk diameter and the number of stalks) and to subsequently use this categorization to select the best families for a specific trait. The objective of this study was to evaluate the categorization of yield components using the classification and regression tree (CART) algorithm as a family selection strategy by comparing the performance of CART with those of conventional methods that require the weighing of stalks, such as the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) with sequential (BLUPS) or individual simulated (BLUPIS) procedures. Data from five experiments performed in May 2007 in a randomized block design were analyzed. Each experiment consisted of five blocks, 22 families and two controls (commercial varieties). CART effectively defined the classes of the yield components and selected the best families with an accuracy of 74% compared to BLUPS and BLUPIS. Families with at least 11 stalks per linear meter of furrow resulted in productivities that were above the average productivity of the commercial varieties used in this study and are, therefore, recommended for selection.
文摘The objective of this work was to evaluate the development of pre-budded sugarcane seedlings from buds submitted to treatments with fertilizer and plant regulators. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with six replicates. The treatments of the yolks were carried out in the concentration of 1% of volume with the following products: Witness—without treatment of the gems;Kinetin 0.009% + Gibberellic acid 0.005% + 4-Indole-3-butyric acid 0.005% (Stimulate®);Seaweed Extract (Ascophyllum nodosum) and Potassium Hydroxide—3.5% K2O (ExpertGrow®) and ethephon 72% (Ethrel®) + pH Reducer (Kill®). The percentage of shoot buds, number of tillers, number of leaves, leaf area, stem diameter, shoot dry mass, root and total were evaluated. The control, as well as Stimulate®and Ethrel®provided higher sprouting percentages. Ethrel®was the product that promoted the highest number of tillers and leaves. The leaf area did not change due to the use of the products or not. The dry mass of both shoot, root and total leaves showed no significant weight changes among the evaluated treatments. It is concluded that the use of ExpertGrow®is not recommended for treatment of pre-sprouted sugarcane seedlings because it provided fewer shoots at 28 days after planting of the yolk and that Ethrel®is recommended because it provided a larger number of the buds evaluated.
