迄今为止,大多数密码原语的安全性都依赖于高质量的不可预测的随机数.密码学中,通常用伪随机数生成器(pseudorandom number generator,简称PRNG)生成随机数.因此,密码算法中所用的PRNG的安全性将直接影响着密码算法的安全性.然而,近年来...迄今为止,大多数密码原语的安全性都依赖于高质量的不可预测的随机数.密码学中,通常用伪随机数生成器(pseudorandom number generator,简称PRNG)生成随机数.因此,密码算法中所用的PRNG的安全性将直接影响着密码算法的安全性.然而,近年来,越来越多的研究结果表明:在实际应用中,很多人为因素会导致PRNG生成的随机数是不随机或可预测的,称这种不安全的PRNG为有后门的PRNG(backdoored pseudorandom number generator,简称BPRNG).BPRNG最典型的例子是双椭圆曲线伪随机数生成器(dual elliptic curves pseudorandom number generator,简称Dual EC PRNG),其算法于2014年被曝出存在后门.BPRNG的出现,使密码算法的研究面临着新的挑战.因此,研究抗随机数后门攻击的密码算法显得尤为重要.首先概述了抗随机数后门攻击密码算法的研究背景,然后着重对已有抗随机数后门攻击密码算法进行了总结和梳理.展开更多
Objective Aiming at lots of vulnerabilities in the Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) which threats the authentication and confidentiality in wireless communication, a new kind of mutual authentication and privacy mechan...Objective Aiming at lots of vulnerabilities in the Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) which threats the authentication and confidentiality in wireless communication, a new kind of mutual authentication and privacy mechanism named MWEP(Modified WEP) is proposed. Methods MWEP is based on pseudo random number generator (PRNG) and asymmetric cryptograph approach, it generates a unique session key like “One Time Password” for each data frame transmission between any two mobile stations. Results Using this session key to encrypt the transmission data, not only can it avoid replay attack, but also provide a good secure virtual channel for the sender and receiver. MWEP can be incorporated into IEEE 802.11. Conclusion It shows that the proposed mechanism is effective and practical after comparison with WEP and simulation.展开更多
为解决无线信道中的彩色图像通信安全问题,提出了一种基于微控制单元(micro controller units,MCU)的彩色图像实时加密通信方案.利用所提密码系统提高混沌序列的随机性,通过基于混沌映射的伪随机数生成器(pseudo random number generato...为解决无线信道中的彩色图像通信安全问题,提出了一种基于微控制单元(micro controller units,MCU)的彩色图像实时加密通信方案.利用所提密码系统提高混沌序列的随机性,通过基于混沌映射的伪随机数生成器(pseudo random number generator,PRNG)和XOR操作进行图像加密,并通过RS-232端口发送嵌入式加密系统的输出.在PIC 16F873A微控制器上实施了提出的方案,并在无线链路上进行了实验.结果表明,与其他优秀加密方法相比,所提方案提供了更高的安全性,可抵御各种已知攻击.此外,使用双浮点精度的PRNG的处理速度为13.52 Mbit/s,能够满足现实应用的实时通信要求.展开更多
伪随机数发生器(pseudorandom number generator,PRNG)是重要的密码学概念.基于单向函数的伪随机数发生器起始于1982年的BMY发生器,将单向函数反复迭代,周期性地输出伪随机序列.单向函数的性质和种子长度关系到发生器的可实现性和安全性...伪随机数发生器(pseudorandom number generator,PRNG)是重要的密码学概念.基于单向函数的伪随机数发生器起始于1982年的BMY发生器,将单向函数反复迭代,周期性地输出伪随机序列.单向函数的性质和种子长度关系到发生器的可实现性和安全性,是此类发生器的2个重要参数.在分析现有工作的基础上,改进了单向函数的随机化迭代方式,基于不可逆性证明了迭代过程的安全性.迭代方式的改进消除了单向函数的长度保持性质,采用一般的压缩规范单向函数和通用散列函数构建伪随机数发生器.输出级与BMY发生器结构类似,以迭代函数的核心断言作为伪随机序列.基于与真随机序列的不可区分性,证明了伪随机数发生器的安全性.所构建的伪随机数发生器与现有同类发生器结构类似,但放松了对单向函数性质的要求,增强了可实现性,减小了种子长度,提高了效率.展开更多
Chaotic systems are an effective tool for various applications, including information security and internet of things. Many chaotic systems may have the weaknesses of incomplete output distributions, discontinuous cha...Chaotic systems are an effective tool for various applications, including information security and internet of things. Many chaotic systems may have the weaknesses of incomplete output distributions, discontinuous chaotic regions, and simple chaotic behaviors.These may result in many negative influences in practical applications utilizing chaos. To deal with these issues, this study introduces a modular chaotification model(MCM) to increase the dynamic properties of current one-dimensional(1 D) chaotic maps. To exhibit the effect of the MCM, three 1 D chaotic maps are improved using the MCM as examples. Studies of the resulting properties show the robust and complex dynamics of these improved chaotic maps. Moreover, we implement these improved chaotic maps of MCM in a field-programmable gate array hardware platform and apply them to the application of PRNG. Performance analyses verify that these chaotic maps improved by the MCM have more complicated chaotic behaviors and wider chaotic ranges than the existing and several new chaotic maps.展开更多
A memristive Hopfield neural network(MHNN)with a special activation gradient is proposed by adding a suitable memristor to the Hopfield neural network(HNN)with a special activation gradient.The MHNN is simulated and d...A memristive Hopfield neural network(MHNN)with a special activation gradient is proposed by adding a suitable memristor to the Hopfield neural network(HNN)with a special activation gradient.The MHNN is simulated and dynamically analyzed,and implemented on FPGA.Then,a new pseudo-random number generator(PRNG)based on MHNN is proposed.The post-processing unit of the PRNG is composed of nonlinear post-processor and XOR calculator,which effectively ensures the randomness of PRNG.The experiments in this paper comply with the IEEE 754-1985 high precision32-bit floating point standard and are done on the Vivado design tool using a Xilinx XC7 Z020 CLG400-2 FPGA chip and the Verilog-HDL hardware programming language.The random sequence generated by the PRNG proposed in this paper has passed the NIST SP800-22 test suite and security analysis,proving its randomness and high performance.Finally,an image encryption system based on PRNG is proposed and implemented on FPGA,which proves the value of the image encryption system in the field of data encryption connected to the Internet of Things(Io T).展开更多
文摘迄今为止,大多数密码原语的安全性都依赖于高质量的不可预测的随机数.密码学中,通常用伪随机数生成器(pseudorandom number generator,简称PRNG)生成随机数.因此,密码算法中所用的PRNG的安全性将直接影响着密码算法的安全性.然而,近年来,越来越多的研究结果表明:在实际应用中,很多人为因素会导致PRNG生成的随机数是不随机或可预测的,称这种不安全的PRNG为有后门的PRNG(backdoored pseudorandom number generator,简称BPRNG).BPRNG最典型的例子是双椭圆曲线伪随机数生成器(dual elliptic curves pseudorandom number generator,简称Dual EC PRNG),其算法于2014年被曝出存在后门.BPRNG的出现,使密码算法的研究面临着新的挑战.因此,研究抗随机数后门攻击的密码算法显得尤为重要.首先概述了抗随机数后门攻击密码算法的研究背景,然后着重对已有抗随机数后门攻击密码算法进行了总结和梳理.
基金ThisprojectwassupportedbytheFoundationofNational863ClimbingProject (No .2 001BA101A01).HarvardUniversityDivisionofEngineeringandAppliedScience+1 种基金Cambridge MA0 2 1 38.
文摘Objective Aiming at lots of vulnerabilities in the Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) which threats the authentication and confidentiality in wireless communication, a new kind of mutual authentication and privacy mechanism named MWEP(Modified WEP) is proposed. Methods MWEP is based on pseudo random number generator (PRNG) and asymmetric cryptograph approach, it generates a unique session key like “One Time Password” for each data frame transmission between any two mobile stations. Results Using this session key to encrypt the transmission data, not only can it avoid replay attack, but also provide a good secure virtual channel for the sender and receiver. MWEP can be incorporated into IEEE 802.11. Conclusion It shows that the proposed mechanism is effective and practical after comparison with WEP and simulation.
文摘为解决无线信道中的彩色图像通信安全问题,提出了一种基于微控制单元(micro controller units,MCU)的彩色图像实时加密通信方案.利用所提密码系统提高混沌序列的随机性,通过基于混沌映射的伪随机数生成器(pseudo random number generator,PRNG)和XOR操作进行图像加密,并通过RS-232端口发送嵌入式加密系统的输出.在PIC 16F873A微控制器上实施了提出的方案,并在无线链路上进行了实验.结果表明,与其他优秀加密方法相比,所提方案提供了更高的安全性,可抵御各种已知攻击.此外,使用双浮点精度的PRNG的处理速度为13.52 Mbit/s,能够满足现实应用的实时通信要求.
文摘伪随机数发生器(pseudorandom number generator,PRNG)是重要的密码学概念.基于单向函数的伪随机数发生器起始于1982年的BMY发生器,将单向函数反复迭代,周期性地输出伪随机序列.单向函数的性质和种子长度关系到发生器的可实现性和安全性,是此类发生器的2个重要参数.在分析现有工作的基础上,改进了单向函数的随机化迭代方式,基于不可逆性证明了迭代过程的安全性.迭代方式的改进消除了单向函数的长度保持性质,采用一般的压缩规范单向函数和通用散列函数构建伪随机数发生器.输出级与BMY发生器结构类似,以迭代函数的核心断言作为伪随机序列.基于与真随机序列的不可区分性,证明了伪随机数发生器的安全性.所构建的伪随机数发生器与现有同类发生器结构类似,但放松了对单向函数性质的要求,增强了可实现性,减小了种子长度,提高了效率.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 62071142)the Natural Scientific Research Innovation Foundation in Harbin Institute of Technology (Grant No. HIT.NSRIF.2020077)。
文摘Chaotic systems are an effective tool for various applications, including information security and internet of things. Many chaotic systems may have the weaknesses of incomplete output distributions, discontinuous chaotic regions, and simple chaotic behaviors.These may result in many negative influences in practical applications utilizing chaos. To deal with these issues, this study introduces a modular chaotification model(MCM) to increase the dynamic properties of current one-dimensional(1 D) chaotic maps. To exhibit the effect of the MCM, three 1 D chaotic maps are improved using the MCM as examples. Studies of the resulting properties show the robust and complex dynamics of these improved chaotic maps. Moreover, we implement these improved chaotic maps of MCM in a field-programmable gate array hardware platform and apply them to the application of PRNG. Performance analyses verify that these chaotic maps improved by the MCM have more complicated chaotic behaviors and wider chaotic ranges than the existing and several new chaotic maps.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department(Grant No.21B0345)the Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Changsha University of Science and Technology(Grant Nos.CX2021SS69 and CX2021SS72)+3 种基金the Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province,China(Grant No.CX20200884)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(Grant Nos.2019JJ50648,2020JJ4622,and 2020JJ4221)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62172058)the Special Funds for the Construction of Innovative Provinces of Hunan Province,China(Grant Nos.2020JK4046 and 2022SK2007)。
文摘A memristive Hopfield neural network(MHNN)with a special activation gradient is proposed by adding a suitable memristor to the Hopfield neural network(HNN)with a special activation gradient.The MHNN is simulated and dynamically analyzed,and implemented on FPGA.Then,a new pseudo-random number generator(PRNG)based on MHNN is proposed.The post-processing unit of the PRNG is composed of nonlinear post-processor and XOR calculator,which effectively ensures the randomness of PRNG.The experiments in this paper comply with the IEEE 754-1985 high precision32-bit floating point standard and are done on the Vivado design tool using a Xilinx XC7 Z020 CLG400-2 FPGA chip and the Verilog-HDL hardware programming language.The random sequence generated by the PRNG proposed in this paper has passed the NIST SP800-22 test suite and security analysis,proving its randomness and high performance.Finally,an image encryption system based on PRNG is proposed and implemented on FPGA,which proves the value of the image encryption system in the field of data encryption connected to the Internet of Things(Io T).
