Hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver and many other metabolic disorder are frequently co-existing in patients. In addition, these diseases are closely related in pathophysiological settin...Hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver and many other metabolic disorder are frequently co-existing in patients. In addition, these diseases are closely related in pathophysiological settings. However, increasing of the disease incidence, lacking of comprehensive prevention and control measurements against the key pathology point concomitant occurrence with the pattem of the single disease, single target therapy, that is leading therapeutic strategy for these metabolic disorders in the setting of Western medicine （WM）. On the basis of the combination of the advantages of integrated Chinese medicine （CM） and WM, with unified understanding of such diseases, the new concept of glucolipid metabolic disease （GLMD） is introduced. In this new concept, disorders in glucose and lipid metabolism are recognized as the key trigger and major driving force for the progress of GLMD. The key points of pathology included dysfunction of neuronal-endocrine-immune system,insulin resistance, oxidative stress, inflammation and intestinal flora imbalance. In the core pathogenic perspective of CM, it can be explained as ＂Gan （Liver） Shi Shu Xie＂ （dysfunction of Gan in metabolism and emotion regulation） that will lead to the occurence/production of endogenous dampness and phlegm, blood stasis and turbid. This leads to the new concept of ＂Liver-based regulatory system for metabolic homeostasis＂ to be introduced further. The comprehensive prevention and control strategy ＂Tiao Gan Qi Shu Hua Zhuo＂ （modulating Gan, trigging key metabolic system to resolve pathogenic factors such as phlegm retention and dampness）. Its representative formula Fufang Zhenzhu Tiaozhi Capsule （复方贞术调脂胶囊） is innovated under such rationales. Comment for some commonly-used CM GLMD therapeutic drugs was presented. High-level evidence-based and epidemiological and mechanism studies should be carded out to further interpret and explain of the scientific connotation of GLMD.展开更多
Ion channels are crucial in the generation and modulation of excitability in the nervous system and have been implicated in human epilepsy. Forty-one epilepsyassociated ion channel genes and their mutations are system...Ion channels are crucial in the generation and modulation of excitability in the nervous system and have been implicated in human epilepsy. Forty-one epilepsyassociated ion channel genes and their mutations are systematically reviewed. In this paper, we analyzed the genotypes, functional alterations（funotypes）, and phenotypes of these mutations. Eleven genes featured loss-offunction mutations and six had gain-of-function mutations.Nine genes displayed diversified funotypes, among which a distinct funotype-phenotype correlation was found in SCN1A. These data suggest that the funotype is an essential consideration in evaluating the pathogenicity of mutations and a distinct funotype or funotype-phenotype correlation helps to define the pathogenic potential of a gene.展开更多
Gram-negative pathogen–induced nosocomial infections and resistance are a most serious menace to global public health. Qingfei Xiaoyan Wan(QF), a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)formula, has been used clinically in ...Gram-negative pathogen–induced nosocomial infections and resistance are a most serious menace to global public health. Qingfei Xiaoyan Wan(QF), a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)formula, has been used clinically in China for the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections, acute or chronic bronchitis and pulmonary infection. In this study, the effects of QF on Pseudomonas aeruginosa–induced acute pneumonia in mice were evaluated. The mechanisms by which four typical antiinflammatory ingredients from QF, arctigenin(ATG), cholic acid(CLA), chlorogenic acid(CGA) and sinapic acid(SPA), regulate anti-inflammatory signaling pathways and related targets were investigated using molecular biology and molecular docking techniques. The results showed that pretreatment with QF significantly inhibits the release of cytokines(TNF-α and IL-6) and chemokines(IL-8 and RANTES),reduces leukocytes recruitment into inflamed tissues and ameliorates pulmonary edema and necrosis. In addition, ATG was identified as the primary anti-inflammatory agent with action on the PI3K/AKT and Ras/MAPK pathways. CLA and CGA enhanced the actions of ATG and exhibited synergistic NF-κB inactivation effects possibly via the Ras/MAPK signaling pathway. Moreover, CLA is speculated to target FGFR and MEK firstly. Overall, QF regulated the PI3K/AKT and Ras/MAPK pathways to inhibit pathogenic bacterial infections effectively.展开更多
BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a common acute abdominal disease worldwide,and its incidence rate has increased annually.Approximately 20%of AP patients develop into necrotizing pancreatitis(NP),and 40%to 70%of NP...BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a common acute abdominal disease worldwide,and its incidence rate has increased annually.Approximately 20%of AP patients develop into necrotizing pancreatitis(NP),and 40%to 70%of NP patients have infectious complications,which usually indicate a worse prognosis.Infection is an important sign of complications in NP patients.AIM To investigate the difference in infection time,infection site,and infectious strain in NP patients with infectious complications.METHODS The clinical data of AP patients visiting the Department of General Surgery of Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University from January 1,2014 to December 31,2018 were collected retrospectively.Enhanced computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging findings in patients with NP were included in the study.Statistical analysis of infectious bacteria,infection site,and infection time in NP patients with infectious complications was performed,because knowledge about pathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns is essential for selecting an appropriate antibiotic.In addition,the factors that might influence the prognosis of patients were analyzed.RESULTS In this study,539 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 162 patients with NP infection,including 212 strains from pancreatic infections and 327 strains from extrapancreatic infections.Gram-negative bacteria were the main infectious species,the most common of which were Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.The extrapancreatic infection time(9.1±8.8 d)was earlier than the pancreatic infection time(13.9±12.3 d).Among NP patients with early extrapancreatic infection(<14 d),bacteremia(25.12%)and respiratory tract infection(21.26%)were predominant.Among NP patients with late extrapancreatic infection(>14 d),bacteremia(15.94%),respiratory tract infection(7.74%),and urinary tract infection(7.71%)were predominant.Drug sensitivity analysis showed that P.aeruginosa was sensitive to enzymatic penicillins,thirdand fourth-generation cephalosporins,a展开更多
Food-producing animals are the major reservoirs for many foodborne pathogens such as Campylobacter species, non-Typhi serotypes of Salmonella enterica, Shiga toxin-producing strains of Escherichia coli, and Listeria m...Food-producing animals are the major reservoirs for many foodborne pathogens such as Campylobacter species, non-Typhi serotypes of Salmonella enterica, Shiga toxin-producing strains of Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes. The zoonotic potential of foodborne pathogens and their ability to produce toxins causing diseases or even death are sufficient to recognize the seriousness of the situation. This manuscript reviews the evidence that links animals as vehicles of the foodborne pathogens Salmonella,Campylobacter, Shiga toxigenic E. coli, and L. monocytogenes, their impact, and their current status. We conclude that these pathogenic bacteria will continue causing outbreaks and deaths throughout the world, because no effective interventions have eliminated them from animals and food.展开更多
[ Objective] The aim of this study was to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome （HP-PRRS）. [Method] Antigen location and hist...[ Objective] The aim of this study was to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome （HP-PRRS）. [Method] Antigen location and histopathological observation in natural cases infected by highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus （HP-PRRSV） were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and H. E. staining. [Result] The virus antigen mainly existed in epithelial calls, and also a few in mecrophages, lymphocytes and brain nerve cells. [ Conclusion] The cell and tissue tropism of HP-PRRSV strain in natural cases is different from that of previous strains.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81173626,81530102,and 30973913)
文摘Hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver and many other metabolic disorder are frequently co-existing in patients. In addition, these diseases are closely related in pathophysiological settings. However, increasing of the disease incidence, lacking of comprehensive prevention and control measurements against the key pathology point concomitant occurrence with the pattem of the single disease, single target therapy, that is leading therapeutic strategy for these metabolic disorders in the setting of Western medicine （WM）. On the basis of the combination of the advantages of integrated Chinese medicine （CM） and WM, with unified understanding of such diseases, the new concept of glucolipid metabolic disease （GLMD） is introduced. In this new concept, disorders in glucose and lipid metabolism are recognized as the key trigger and major driving force for the progress of GLMD. The key points of pathology included dysfunction of neuronal-endocrine-immune system,insulin resistance, oxidative stress, inflammation and intestinal flora imbalance. In the core pathogenic perspective of CM, it can be explained as ＂Gan （Liver） Shi Shu Xie＂ （dysfunction of Gan in metabolism and emotion regulation） that will lead to the occurence/production of endogenous dampness and phlegm, blood stasis and turbid. This leads to the new concept of ＂Liver-based regulatory system for metabolic homeostasis＂ to be introduced further. The comprehensive prevention and control strategy ＂Tiao Gan Qi Shu Hua Zhuo＂ （modulating Gan, trigging key metabolic system to resolve pathogenic factors such as phlegm retention and dampness）. Its representative formula Fufang Zhenzhu Tiaozhi Capsule （复方贞术调脂胶囊） is innovated under such rationales. Comment for some commonly-used CM GLMD therapeutic drugs was presented. High-level evidence-based and epidemiological and mechanism studies should be carded out to further interpret and explain of the scientific connotation of GLMD.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81571273,81571274,81501124,81271434,and 81301107)Omics-based precision medicine of epilepsy being entrusted by Key Research Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2016YFC0904400)+5 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China (2014A030313489)Science and Technology Planning Projects of Guangdong Province,China (2012B031800404 and 2013B051000084)the Department of Education of Guangdong Province,China (2013CXZDA022,2013KJCX0156,and 2012KJCX009)the Foundation for High-level Talents in Higher Education of Guangdong Province,China (2013-167)Yangcheng Scholar Research Projects of Guangzhou Municipal College (12A016S and 12A017G)Science and Technology Projects of Guangzhou,Guangdong Province,China (2014J4100069,201508020011,201604020161,and 201607010002)
文摘Ion channels are crucial in the generation and modulation of excitability in the nervous system and have been implicated in human epilepsy. Forty-one epilepsyassociated ion channel genes and their mutations are systematically reviewed. In this paper, we analyzed the genotypes, functional alterations（funotypes）, and phenotypes of these mutations. Eleven genes featured loss-offunction mutations and six had gain-of-function mutations.Nine genes displayed diversified funotypes, among which a distinct funotype-phenotype correlation was found in SCN1A. These data suggest that the funotype is an essential consideration in evaluating the pathogenicity of mutations and a distinct funotype or funotype-phenotype correlation helps to define the pathogenic potential of a gene.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81173638 and 81373506)the Key Program of Natural Science of Foundation of TianjinChina(No.13JCZDJC31400)
文摘Gram-negative pathogen–induced nosocomial infections and resistance are a most serious menace to global public health. Qingfei Xiaoyan Wan(QF), a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)formula, has been used clinically in China for the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections, acute or chronic bronchitis and pulmonary infection. In this study, the effects of QF on Pseudomonas aeruginosa–induced acute pneumonia in mice were evaluated. The mechanisms by which four typical antiinflammatory ingredients from QF, arctigenin(ATG), cholic acid(CLA), chlorogenic acid(CGA) and sinapic acid(SPA), regulate anti-inflammatory signaling pathways and related targets were investigated using molecular biology and molecular docking techniques. The results showed that pretreatment with QF significantly inhibits the release of cytokines(TNF-α and IL-6) and chemokines(IL-8 and RANTES),reduces leukocytes recruitment into inflamed tissues and ameliorates pulmonary edema and necrosis. In addition, ATG was identified as the primary anti-inflammatory agent with action on the PI3K/AKT and Ras/MAPK pathways. CLA and CGA enhanced the actions of ATG and exhibited synergistic NF-κB inactivation effects possibly via the Ras/MAPK signaling pathway. Moreover, CLA is speculated to target FGFR and MEK firstly. Overall, QF regulated the PI3K/AKT and Ras/MAPK pathways to inhibit pathogenic bacterial infections effectively.
基金Supported by the Beijing Municipal Science &Technology Commission,No.Z171100001017077the Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Clinical Medicine Development of Special Funding Support,No.XMLX201404
文摘BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a common acute abdominal disease worldwide,and its incidence rate has increased annually.Approximately 20%of AP patients develop into necrotizing pancreatitis(NP),and 40%to 70%of NP patients have infectious complications,which usually indicate a worse prognosis.Infection is an important sign of complications in NP patients.AIM To investigate the difference in infection time,infection site,and infectious strain in NP patients with infectious complications.METHODS The clinical data of AP patients visiting the Department of General Surgery of Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University from January 1,2014 to December 31,2018 were collected retrospectively.Enhanced computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging findings in patients with NP were included in the study.Statistical analysis of infectious bacteria,infection site,and infection time in NP patients with infectious complications was performed,because knowledge about pathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns is essential for selecting an appropriate antibiotic.In addition,the factors that might influence the prognosis of patients were analyzed.RESULTS In this study,539 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 162 patients with NP infection,including 212 strains from pancreatic infections and 327 strains from extrapancreatic infections.Gram-negative bacteria were the main infectious species,the most common of which were Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.The extrapancreatic infection time(9.1±8.8 d)was earlier than the pancreatic infection time(13.9±12.3 d).Among NP patients with early extrapancreatic infection(<14 d),bacteremia(25.12%)and respiratory tract infection(21.26%)were predominant.Among NP patients with late extrapancreatic infection(>14 d),bacteremia(15.94%),respiratory tract infection(7.74%),and urinary tract infection(7.71%)were predominant.Drug sensitivity analysis showed that P.aeruginosa was sensitive to enzymatic penicillins,thirdand fourth-generation cephalosporins,a
文摘Food-producing animals are the major reservoirs for many foodborne pathogens such as Campylobacter species, non-Typhi serotypes of Salmonella enterica, Shiga toxin-producing strains of Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes. The zoonotic potential of foodborne pathogens and their ability to produce toxins causing diseases or even death are sufficient to recognize the seriousness of the situation. This manuscript reviews the evidence that links animals as vehicles of the foodborne pathogens Salmonella,Campylobacter, Shiga toxigenic E. coli, and L. monocytogenes, their impact, and their current status. We conclude that these pathogenic bacteria will continue causing outbreaks and deaths throughout the world, because no effective interventions have eliminated them from animals and food.
文摘[ Objective] The aim of this study was to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome （HP-PRRS）. [Method] Antigen location and histopathological observation in natural cases infected by highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus （HP-PRRSV） were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and H. E. staining. [Result] The virus antigen mainly existed in epithelial calls, and also a few in mecrophages, lymphocytes and brain nerve cells. [ Conclusion] The cell and tissue tropism of HP-PRRSV strain in natural cases is different from that of previous strains.
