Ginger (<i><span>Zingiber officinale</span></i><span>) is an important spice and medicinal plant used in different parts of the world. The objective of current study was to determine the ...Ginger (<i><span>Zingiber officinale</span></i><span>) is an important spice and medicinal plant used in different parts of the world. The objective of current study was to determine the level of essential and non-essential metals in ginger and its correlation with concentration of metals in the supporting soil. The level of K, Na, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Cd and Pb in soil and ginger cultivated in the selected districts of Wolaita zone, Southern Ethiopia were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. A 0.5 g ginger sample was digested using a mixture of 4 ml HNO</span><sub><span style="vertical-align:sub;">3</span></sub><span> and 1.5 ml HClO</span><sub><span style="vertical-align:sub;">4</span></sub><span> at 210°</span><span>C</span><span> for 150 min</span><span>utes, and a 0.5 g soil sample was digested employing a mixture of 6 ml aqua-regia and 1 ml H</span><sub><span style="vertical-align:sub;">2</span></sub><span>O</span><sub><span style="vertical-align:sub;">2</span></sub><span> at 280°</span><span>C</span><span> for 150 minutes. The metal</span><span> concentrations range in dry weight basis for ginger samples is decreasing in the order: K (1691 </span><span>-</span><span> 3487 mg/kg) > Mg (701 </span><span>-</span><span> 1583 mg/kg) > Ca (862 </span><span>-</span><span> 1476 mg/kg) > Na (398 </span><span>-</span><span> 776 mg/kg) > Mn (325 </span><span>-</span><span> 672 mg/kg) > Fe (6.14 </span><span>-</span><span> 11.92 mg/kg) > Zn (5.30 </span><span>-</span><span> 10.09 mg/kg) > (0.12 </span><span>-</span><span> 0.23 mg/kg) for Pb. The concentration of Cd, Cu and Co in ginger samples were below the limit of detection. The results revealed that ginger has the ability to accumulate relatively higher amounts of K and Mg among the determined essential metals. The soil samples have been found to be acidic pH, sandy clay loam in texture, a very low electrical conductivity and moderate level of (CEC, organic carbon, available phosphorus and total nitrogen). Although, a positive correlatio展开更多
Teff (<i><span>Eragrostis </span></i><i><span>t</span></i><i><span>ef</span></i><span>) is used to supply staple food </span><span...Teff (<i><span>Eragrostis </span></i><i><span>t</span></i><i><span>ef</span></i><span>) is used to supply staple food </span><span>“</span><span>injera</span><span>”</span><span> for many Ethiopians. The present study was aimed toward determining the extent of selected metals that can exist in three types of teff cultivated in selected districts of southern Ethiopia. The </span><span>l</span><span>evel of those metals was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The optimized wet digestion procedure was evaluated employing a spiking method and an acceptable percentage recovery of (91.1% </span><span>-</span><span> 108.9%) has been obtained for metals in the teff. Oven dried 1 g of teff samples w</span><span>ere</span><span> digested using 5 mL of HNO</span><sub><span style="vertical-align:sub;">3</span></sub><span> and 1 mL of HClO</span><sub><span style="vertical-align:sub;">4</span></sub><span> at 300</span><span>°C</span><span> for 3 hours. The result indicated that the mean concentration of metals (in mg/kg dry weight basis) in teff samples w</span><span>ere</span><span> fou</span><span>nd to be from 1206.9 to 1768.9 of Ca, 2463.9 to 2554.7 of Mg, 82.6 to 109.9 of Na, 2879 to 3075 of K, 207.4 to 239.5 of Fe, 55.9 to 100.4 of Mn, 27.1 to 87.1 of Zn, 5.4 to 45.5 of Cu and 0.118 to 0.130 of Pb respectively. However, Cd is below the method detection limit. A statistical analysis of variance revealed that there was a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between the mineral content in three teff types and teff from the three districts. Red teff had higher essential metal contents except Cu followed by brown teff. Strong positive correlation was recognized between Mg with Ca and K, the rest have moderate or weak correlation. Further study has been done on the mineral contents of similar variety or three types of teff with the soil analysis from different locations.</span>展开更多
This study has been carried out to determine the concentrations mg/Kg of the toxic elements (Al, Hg, Cd, Pb, U, Th, and As) and essential elements (K, Sn, Ca, Ni, Cu, Fe, Co, and Mn) using inductively coupled plasma o...This study has been carried out to determine the concentrations mg/Kg of the toxic elements (Al, Hg, Cd, Pb, U, Th, and As) and essential elements (K, Sn, Ca, Ni, Cu, Fe, Co, and Mn) using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer, and the radionuclides concentration levels of (<sup>238</sup>U, <sup>226</sup>Ra, <sup>232</sup>Th, <sup>40</sup>K and <sup>137</sup>Cs) using a high purity germanium spectrophotometer in ten of the most common fish samples collected from local store in Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia during 2014. The results showed that, the concentrations of the elements (Al, Hg, Pb and Cu) in all fish samples were not detected or below the detection limit. The concentrations of metals (Cd, U, Th, As, K, Sn, Ca, Ni, Fe, Co, and Mn) were below the recommended limit by the international organizations. The estimated metal dose (EDI) values for daily average consumption were lower than the recommended values by FAO/WHO, and hazard indices (HI) in fish samples were below safety levels for human consumption (HI 1), then this increase is to be of concern for fish consumer. The measured concentrations in (Bq/Kg) dry weight of natural radionuclides <sup>238</sup>U, <sup>226</sup>Ra, <sup>232</sup>Th, <sup>40</sup>K and fallout <sup>137</sup>Cs in fish samples were calculated. The results show that the activities in fish samples were of no risk to public health. The total average annual effective dose μSv/y due to intake of <sup>238</sup>U, <sup>226</sup>Ra, <sup>232</sup>Th and <sup>40</sup>K from the ingestion of the fish samples were estimated to be 6.07 for infants (≤5 Y), 22.88 and 45.03 for children (5 - 10 Y and 10 - 15 Y) and 56.26 for adults (≥17 y), which are lower than the allowed value (1 mSv). The contribution of 137Cs is nearly negligible. This study could be useful as a baseline data for toxic, essential metals, and radiation, exposure.展开更多
Human exposure to toxic metals is on the increase especially in the developing world;this is compounded by the almost unavoidable application of the metals domestically and industrially and their implication in severa...Human exposure to toxic metals is on the increase especially in the developing world;this is compounded by the almost unavoidable application of the metals domestically and industrially and their implication in several genetic defects, aging and some chronic illnesses including Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). This study investigated the concentration of toxic metals (Pb and V) and micro-essential elements (Cu and Se) in children with ASD and controls in Nigeria towards establishing their possible associations with the aetiopathogenesis of ASD. Eight children clinically diagnosed by Paediatric Neurologist and Child Psychiatrist for ASD using DMS-IV and fifteen apparently healthy children (age range 2 - 12 years) were recruited as cases and controls respectively. Plasma levels of Pb, V, Cu and Se were analyzed using Induction ICP-MS. Results were analyzed using students t-test. The mean plasma lead and vanadium levels were (7.92 ± 1.30 μg/dl;1.07 ± 0.22 μg/dl) and (6.83 ± 0.72 μg/dl;2.59 ± 0.48 μg/dl) in children with ASD and in controls respectively. The result showed that blood lead level in ASD was slightly increased but not significant when compared with control (p < 0.433). On the other hand, plasma vanadium concentration in ASD was significantly reduced (1.07 ± 0.22 μg/dl) when compared with control (2.59 ± 0.48 μg/dl) (P < 0.038). Mean plasma copper was similar in all participants (1.98 ± 0.13, 2.23 ± 0.12) but selenium concentrations were significantly reduced (0.37 ± 0.05 mg/L;0.57 ± 0.02 mg/L) in ASD relative to controls respectively. Given the physiological functions of vanadium and selenium, the observed reduced levels of the two elements in children with ASD may account for the speech and other neurological dysfunctions of the brain in ASD.展开更多
文摘Ginger (<i><span>Zingiber officinale</span></i><span>) is an important spice and medicinal plant used in different parts of the world. The objective of current study was to determine the level of essential and non-essential metals in ginger and its correlation with concentration of metals in the supporting soil. The level of K, Na, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Cd and Pb in soil and ginger cultivated in the selected districts of Wolaita zone, Southern Ethiopia were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. A 0.5 g ginger sample was digested using a mixture of 4 ml HNO</span><sub><span style="vertical-align:sub;">3</span></sub><span> and 1.5 ml HClO</span><sub><span style="vertical-align:sub;">4</span></sub><span> at 210°</span><span>C</span><span> for 150 min</span><span>utes, and a 0.5 g soil sample was digested employing a mixture of 6 ml aqua-regia and 1 ml H</span><sub><span style="vertical-align:sub;">2</span></sub><span>O</span><sub><span style="vertical-align:sub;">2</span></sub><span> at 280°</span><span>C</span><span> for 150 minutes. The metal</span><span> concentrations range in dry weight basis for ginger samples is decreasing in the order: K (1691 </span><span>-</span><span> 3487 mg/kg) > Mg (701 </span><span>-</span><span> 1583 mg/kg) > Ca (862 </span><span>-</span><span> 1476 mg/kg) > Na (398 </span><span>-</span><span> 776 mg/kg) > Mn (325 </span><span>-</span><span> 672 mg/kg) > Fe (6.14 </span><span>-</span><span> 11.92 mg/kg) > Zn (5.30 </span><span>-</span><span> 10.09 mg/kg) > (0.12 </span><span>-</span><span> 0.23 mg/kg) for Pb. The concentration of Cd, Cu and Co in ginger samples were below the limit of detection. The results revealed that ginger has the ability to accumulate relatively higher amounts of K and Mg among the determined essential metals. The soil samples have been found to be acidic pH, sandy clay loam in texture, a very low electrical conductivity and moderate level of (CEC, organic carbon, available phosphorus and total nitrogen). Although, a positive correlatio
文摘Teff (<i><span>Eragrostis </span></i><i><span>t</span></i><i><span>ef</span></i><span>) is used to supply staple food </span><span>“</span><span>injera</span><span>”</span><span> for many Ethiopians. The present study was aimed toward determining the extent of selected metals that can exist in three types of teff cultivated in selected districts of southern Ethiopia. The </span><span>l</span><span>evel of those metals was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The optimized wet digestion procedure was evaluated employing a spiking method and an acceptable percentage recovery of (91.1% </span><span>-</span><span> 108.9%) has been obtained for metals in the teff. Oven dried 1 g of teff samples w</span><span>ere</span><span> digested using 5 mL of HNO</span><sub><span style="vertical-align:sub;">3</span></sub><span> and 1 mL of HClO</span><sub><span style="vertical-align:sub;">4</span></sub><span> at 300</span><span>°C</span><span> for 3 hours. The result indicated that the mean concentration of metals (in mg/kg dry weight basis) in teff samples w</span><span>ere</span><span> fou</span><span>nd to be from 1206.9 to 1768.9 of Ca, 2463.9 to 2554.7 of Mg, 82.6 to 109.9 of Na, 2879 to 3075 of K, 207.4 to 239.5 of Fe, 55.9 to 100.4 of Mn, 27.1 to 87.1 of Zn, 5.4 to 45.5 of Cu and 0.118 to 0.130 of Pb respectively. However, Cd is below the method detection limit. A statistical analysis of variance revealed that there was a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between the mineral content in three teff types and teff from the three districts. Red teff had higher essential metal contents except Cu followed by brown teff. Strong positive correlation was recognized between Mg with Ca and K, the rest have moderate or weak correlation. Further study has been done on the mineral contents of similar variety or three types of teff with the soil analysis from different locations.</span>
文摘This study has been carried out to determine the concentrations mg/Kg of the toxic elements (Al, Hg, Cd, Pb, U, Th, and As) and essential elements (K, Sn, Ca, Ni, Cu, Fe, Co, and Mn) using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer, and the radionuclides concentration levels of (<sup>238</sup>U, <sup>226</sup>Ra, <sup>232</sup>Th, <sup>40</sup>K and <sup>137</sup>Cs) using a high purity germanium spectrophotometer in ten of the most common fish samples collected from local store in Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia during 2014. The results showed that, the concentrations of the elements (Al, Hg, Pb and Cu) in all fish samples were not detected or below the detection limit. The concentrations of metals (Cd, U, Th, As, K, Sn, Ca, Ni, Fe, Co, and Mn) were below the recommended limit by the international organizations. The estimated metal dose (EDI) values for daily average consumption were lower than the recommended values by FAO/WHO, and hazard indices (HI) in fish samples were below safety levels for human consumption (HI 1), then this increase is to be of concern for fish consumer. The measured concentrations in (Bq/Kg) dry weight of natural radionuclides <sup>238</sup>U, <sup>226</sup>Ra, <sup>232</sup>Th, <sup>40</sup>K and fallout <sup>137</sup>Cs in fish samples were calculated. The results show that the activities in fish samples were of no risk to public health. The total average annual effective dose μSv/y due to intake of <sup>238</sup>U, <sup>226</sup>Ra, <sup>232</sup>Th and <sup>40</sup>K from the ingestion of the fish samples were estimated to be 6.07 for infants (≤5 Y), 22.88 and 45.03 for children (5 - 10 Y and 10 - 15 Y) and 56.26 for adults (≥17 y), which are lower than the allowed value (1 mSv). The contribution of 137Cs is nearly negligible. This study could be useful as a baseline data for toxic, essential metals, and radiation, exposure.
文摘Human exposure to toxic metals is on the increase especially in the developing world;this is compounded by the almost unavoidable application of the metals domestically and industrially and their implication in several genetic defects, aging and some chronic illnesses including Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). This study investigated the concentration of toxic metals (Pb and V) and micro-essential elements (Cu and Se) in children with ASD and controls in Nigeria towards establishing their possible associations with the aetiopathogenesis of ASD. Eight children clinically diagnosed by Paediatric Neurologist and Child Psychiatrist for ASD using DMS-IV and fifteen apparently healthy children (age range 2 - 12 years) were recruited as cases and controls respectively. Plasma levels of Pb, V, Cu and Se were analyzed using Induction ICP-MS. Results were analyzed using students t-test. The mean plasma lead and vanadium levels were (7.92 ± 1.30 μg/dl;1.07 ± 0.22 μg/dl) and (6.83 ± 0.72 μg/dl;2.59 ± 0.48 μg/dl) in children with ASD and in controls respectively. The result showed that blood lead level in ASD was slightly increased but not significant when compared with control (p < 0.433). On the other hand, plasma vanadium concentration in ASD was significantly reduced (1.07 ± 0.22 μg/dl) when compared with control (2.59 ± 0.48 μg/dl) (P < 0.038). Mean plasma copper was similar in all participants (1.98 ± 0.13, 2.23 ± 0.12) but selenium concentrations were significantly reduced (0.37 ± 0.05 mg/L;0.57 ± 0.02 mg/L) in ASD relative to controls respectively. Given the physiological functions of vanadium and selenium, the observed reduced levels of the two elements in children with ASD may account for the speech and other neurological dysfunctions of the brain in ASD.
