The Ms ≥ 8.0 strong earthquakes occurring in Chile since 1800 were analyzed using the ternary, quaternary, and quinary commensurability methods and the butterfly structure diagram, and it was believed that the earthq...The Ms ≥ 8.0 strong earthquakes occurring in Chile since 1800 were analyzed using the ternary, quaternary, and quinary commensurability methods and the butterfly structure diagram, and it was believed that the earthquake signal in Chile in 2014 is relatively strong, a large earthquake is likely to occur in Chile in 2014. An analysis of spatial epicenter migrations showed that the longitudinal and latitudinal epicenter migra- tions have symmetry and synchronism, and there were five obvious northward migrations and four southward migrations. The symmetry axis of the longitudinal migrations is at about 71.7°W and that of the latitudinal mi- grations is at about 30°S; these spatial symmetry axes are located at the subduction zone on the western margin of South America, where two major plates （the Nazca Plate and the South American Plate） converge.展开更多
Although many studies on the fishery biology of jumbo flying squid, Dosidicus gigas, have been conducted in the coastal areas within Exclusive Economic Zones （EEZs） of various countries due to its commercial and eco...Although many studies on the fishery biology of jumbo flying squid, Dosidicus gigas, have been conducted in the coastal areas within Exclusive Economic Zones （EEZs） of various countries due to its commercial and ecological importance, limited biological information is available from waters outside these EEZs. In this paper, we examined D. gigas fishery biology from waters outside Chilean, Peruvian and Costa Rican EEZs, based on the fishery data collected by Chinese jigging vessels during 2006 to 2010. The dominant mantle lengths olD. gigas were 350-450 mm, 250-400 mm and 250-350 mm outside Chilean, Peruvian and Costa Rican EEZs, respectively. Size structure analysis show that a medium-sized group existed mostly in the waters outside the Chilean and Peruvian EEZs, whereas a small-sized group occurred mainly in the waters outside the Costa Rican EEZ. The longevity of the squid outside the Costa Rican EEZ was less than 10 months, while most of those outside Chilean and Peruvian EEZs were about 1-1.5 years and very few large individuals were 1.5-2 years old. A higher percentage of mature individuals existed outside Costa Rican EEZ implying the region as a potential spawning ground, while lower proportions of mature squid outside the Peruvian and Chilean EEZs indicated that spawning may be occurring outside our study area. Spatial differences in sizes at maturity of the squid are thought to be result from different environmental factors especially different temperature and nutrition among the three areas. Stomach-content analysis showed that cannibalism was important in the diet of D. gigas. Stress generated by jigging may increase the incidence of cannibalism.展开更多
AIM： To examine the presence of human papillomavirus （HPV） in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （ESCC） specimens collected from Colombia and Chile located in the northern and southern ends of the continent, resp...AIM： To examine the presence of human papillomavirus （HPV） in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （ESCC） specimens collected from Colombia and Chile located in the northern and southern ends of the continent, respectively.METHODS： We examined 47 and 26 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded ESCC specimens from Colombia and Chile, respectively. HPV was detected using GP5＋/GP6＋ primer pair for PCR, and confirmed by Southern blot analysis. Sequencing analysis of L1 region fragment was used to identify HPV genotype. In addition, P16^INK4A protein immunostaining of all the specimens was conducted.RESULTS： HPV was detected in 21 ESCC specimens （29%）. Sequencing analysis of L1 region fragment identified HPV-16 genome in 6 Colombian cases （13%） and in 5 Chilean cases （19%）. HPV-18 was detected in i0 cases （21%） in Colombia but not in any Chilean case. Since Chilean ESCC cases had a higher prevalence of HPV-16 （without statistical significance）, but a significantly lower prevalence of HPV-18 than in Colombian cases （P = 0.011） even though the two countries have similar ESCC incidence rates, the frequency of HPV-related ESCC may not be strongly affected by risk factors affecting the incidence of ESCC. HPV-16 genome was more frequently detected in p16 positive carcinomas, although the difference was not statistically significant. HPV-18 detection rate did not show any association with p16 expression. Well-differentiated tumors tended to have either HPV-16 or HPV-18 but the association was not statistically significant. HPV genotypes other than HPV-16 or 18 were not detected in either country.CONCLUSION： HPV-16 and HPV-18 genotypes can be found in ESCC specimens collected from two South American countries. Further studies on the relationship between HPV-16 presence and p16 expression in ESCC would aid understanding of the mechanism underlying the presence of HPV in ESCC.展开更多
AIM:To analyze the association of three IL28B single nucleotide polymorphisms with response to therapy in Chilean patients infected with hepatitis C virus CV.METHODS:We studied two groups of patients with chronic CV i...AIM:To analyze the association of three IL28B single nucleotide polymorphisms with response to therapy in Chilean patients infected with hepatitis C virus CV.METHODS:We studied two groups of patients with chronic CV infection genotype 1,under standard combined treatment with pegylated interferon plus ribavirin.One group consisted of 50 patients with sustained virological response,whereas the second group consisted of 49 null responders.In order to analyze the IL28B single nucleotide polymorphisms rs12979860,rs12980275 and rs8099917,samples were used for polymerase chain reaction amplification,and the genotyping was performed by restriction fragment lengthpolymorphism.RESULTS:The IL28B rs12979860 CC,rs12980275 AA and rs8099917 TT genotypes were much more frequently found in patients with sustained virological response compared to null responders 38%,44% and 50% vs 2%,8.2% and 8.2%,respectively.These differences were highly significant in all three cases(P < 0.0001.CONCLUSION:The three IL28B polymorphisms studied are strongly associated with sustained virological response to therapy in Chilean patients with chronic CV genotype 1.展开更多
A study of deep penetrating geochemistry--the surface exploration techniques for finding concealed mineral deposits--was carried out over the Spence porphyry copper deposit in Chile by Australian, Canadian and Chinese...A study of deep penetrating geochemistry--the surface exploration techniques for finding concealed mineral deposits--was carried out over the Spence porphyry copper deposit in Chile by Australian, Canadian and Chinese laboratories using selective weak leach methods and is briefly reviewed here. Erratic and weak copper anomalies were obtained above the Spence deposit, which is concealed below a thick piedmont gravel cover. In the literature, such patterns are common in most of the weak selective leach studies carried out over known buried deposits. During exploration in unknown area, such weak leach techniques lead to some success and many dry holes. In this paper, stronger selective leaching methods are developed for oxides and sulfides, which may be the stable end products transformed and accumulated by a mobile precursor phase carried upward through the overburden by gas or water through long spans of geological time. The data obtained by the methods developed in this paper produced more significant and consistent anomalous data than previous efforts. Consequently, the leach approaches described here may increase the effectiveness of deep penetrating geochemistry in exploration for con- cealed ore deposits.展开更多
At 14:34 Beijing time on February 27,2010,an earthquake of M w 8.8 rocked the central coast of Chile.A teletsunami was triggered by the huge earthquake and then propagated across the entire Pacific in less than 24 h.T...At 14:34 Beijing time on February 27,2010,an earthquake of M w 8.8 rocked the central coast of Chile.A teletsunami was triggered by the huge earthquake and then propagated across the entire Pacific in less than 24 h.The initial tsunami wave arrived at the southeast coast of China at 16:20 on February 28 and was recorded in real time by a number of tidal gauges off China's Mainland and Taiwan Province.The teletsunami waves have never been recorded with such a broad geographical scope in China before this event.The aim of the present work is to report the first description of sea-level oscillations generated by the Chile tsunami,and evaluate the potential hazards that teletsunami poses to the coast of China.The results reveal that the east coast of Taiwan Province,Zhejiang Province and the north coast of Fujian Province are vulnerable to transoceanic tsunami.In addition,spectral and wavelet analysis of the recorded sea-level oscillations shows that "seiches" are easily excited by the resonance resulting from the interaction between the initial tsunami waves and local geometry (such as semi-enclosed bays and ports).The superimposition of the two oscillations would amplify the wave height further.展开更多
The tempo-spatial variation of seismic activity before great Chile Mw8.8 earthquake on February 27, 2010 is studied. Some results are as follows： ①Two types of seismic gaps appeared before the Chile MwS.8 shock. One...The tempo-spatial variation of seismic activity before great Chile Mw8.8 earthquake on February 27, 2010 is studied. Some results are as follows： ①Two types of seismic gaps appeared before the Chile MwS.8 shock. One is background gap of Mw≥8.0 earthquakes with 360 km length since 1900, the other is seismogenic gap formed by M≥5.5 earth- quakes with 780km length five years before the Chile earthquake; ②There was only one Mw7.1 earthquake in the middle and southern part of Chile from 1986 to 2010. The obvious quiescence of Mw≥7.0 earthquake is the long-term background anomaly for the Chile earthquake; ③ The quiescence of M≥6.5 earthquakes appeared in South American block and its vicinity during the period from 2007 to 2009, and the quietude state has been disappeared three months before the Chile Mw8.8 earthquake; ④ The deep and intermediate-depth earthquake activity has been noticeablely strengthened in the subduction zone of South American block since 1993; ⑤The great Chile earthquake shows that global seismicity is still in the active period of Mw≥8.5 earthquakes since 2004. Based on the characteristics of the former two active periods, several great earthquakes with Mw≥8.5 would take place in a few years. In addition, the circum-Pacific seismic belt would be the main region for Mw≥8.0 earthquakes.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41171090)the Graduate Student Innovation Foundation of Shaanxi Normal University
文摘The Ms ≥ 8.0 strong earthquakes occurring in Chile since 1800 were analyzed using the ternary, quaternary, and quinary commensurability methods and the butterfly structure diagram, and it was believed that the earthquake signal in Chile in 2014 is relatively strong, a large earthquake is likely to occur in Chile in 2014. An analysis of spatial epicenter migrations showed that the longitudinal and latitudinal epicenter migra- tions have symmetry and synchronism, and there were five obvious northward migrations and four southward migrations. The symmetry axis of the longitudinal migrations is at about 71.7°W and that of the latitudinal mi- grations is at about 30°S; these spatial symmetry axes are located at the subduction zone on the western margin of South America, where two major plates （the Nazca Plate and the South American Plate） converge.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.NSFC41276156)Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(No.13YE091)+5 种基金Industrialization Project of National Development and Reform Commission(No.2159999)Project of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(No.12231203900)National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(No.2012AA092303)Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project(Fisheries Discipline)National Distant-Water Fisheries Engineering Research Centerthe Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Oceanic Fishery Resources,Ministry of Agriculture
文摘Although many studies on the fishery biology of jumbo flying squid, Dosidicus gigas, have been conducted in the coastal areas within Exclusive Economic Zones （EEZs） of various countries due to its commercial and ecological importance, limited biological information is available from waters outside these EEZs. In this paper, we examined D. gigas fishery biology from waters outside Chilean, Peruvian and Costa Rican EEZs, based on the fishery data collected by Chinese jigging vessels during 2006 to 2010. The dominant mantle lengths olD. gigas were 350-450 mm, 250-400 mm and 250-350 mm outside Chilean, Peruvian and Costa Rican EEZs, respectively. Size structure analysis show that a medium-sized group existed mostly in the waters outside the Chilean and Peruvian EEZs, whereas a small-sized group occurred mainly in the waters outside the Costa Rican EEZ. The longevity of the squid outside the Costa Rican EEZ was less than 10 months, while most of those outside Chilean and Peruvian EEZs were about 1-1.5 years and very few large individuals were 1.5-2 years old. A higher percentage of mature individuals existed outside Costa Rican EEZ implying the region as a potential spawning ground, while lower proportions of mature squid outside the Peruvian and Chilean EEZs indicated that spawning may be occurring outside our study area. Spatial differences in sizes at maturity of the squid are thought to be result from different environmental factors especially different temperature and nutrition among the three areas. Stomach-content analysis showed that cannibalism was important in the diet of D. gigas. Stress generated by jigging may increase the incidence of cannibalism.
基金Supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan, No. 12218231 and 17015037
文摘AIM： To examine the presence of human papillomavirus （HPV） in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （ESCC） specimens collected from Colombia and Chile located in the northern and southern ends of the continent, respectively.METHODS： We examined 47 and 26 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded ESCC specimens from Colombia and Chile, respectively. HPV was detected using GP5＋/GP6＋ primer pair for PCR, and confirmed by Southern blot analysis. Sequencing analysis of L1 region fragment was used to identify HPV genotype. In addition, P16^INK4A protein immunostaining of all the specimens was conducted.RESULTS： HPV was detected in 21 ESCC specimens （29%）. Sequencing analysis of L1 region fragment identified HPV-16 genome in 6 Colombian cases （13%） and in 5 Chilean cases （19%）. HPV-18 was detected in i0 cases （21%） in Colombia but not in any Chilean case. Since Chilean ESCC cases had a higher prevalence of HPV-16 （without statistical significance）, but a significantly lower prevalence of HPV-18 than in Colombian cases （P = 0.011） even though the two countries have similar ESCC incidence rates, the frequency of HPV-related ESCC may not be strongly affected by risk factors affecting the incidence of ESCC. HPV-16 genome was more frequently detected in p16 positive carcinomas, although the difference was not statistically significant. HPV-18 detection rate did not show any association with p16 expression. Well-differentiated tumors tended to have either HPV-16 or HPV-18 but the association was not statistically significant. HPV genotypes other than HPV-16 or 18 were not detected in either country.CONCLUSION： HPV-16 and HPV-18 genotypes can be found in ESCC specimens collected from two South American countries. Further studies on the relationship between HPV-16 presence and p16 expression in ESCC would aid understanding of the mechanism underlying the presence of HPV in ESCC.
基金Supported by The grant OAIC 394/10(to M.V.)from Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile
文摘AIM:To analyze the association of three IL28B single nucleotide polymorphisms with response to therapy in Chilean patients infected with hepatitis C virus CV.METHODS:We studied two groups of patients with chronic CV infection genotype 1,under standard combined treatment with pegylated interferon plus ribavirin.One group consisted of 50 patients with sustained virological response,whereas the second group consisted of 49 null responders.In order to analyze the IL28B single nucleotide polymorphisms rs12979860,rs12980275 and rs8099917,samples were used for polymerase chain reaction amplification,and the genotyping was performed by restriction fragment lengthpolymorphism.RESULTS:The IL28B rs12979860 CC,rs12980275 AA and rs8099917 TT genotypes were much more frequently found in patients with sustained virological response compared to null responders 38%,44% and 50% vs 2%,8.2% and 8.2%,respectively.These differences were highly significant in all three cases(P < 0.0001.CONCLUSION:The three IL28B polymorphisms studied are strongly associated with sustained virological response to therapy in Chilean patients with chronic CV genotype 1.
基金the Ministry of Land Resources and the Ministry of Science and Technology for the research funding of the projects:SinoProbe 04,973 Project 2007CB411406 and 863 Project 2007AA06Z133
文摘A study of deep penetrating geochemistry--the surface exploration techniques for finding concealed mineral deposits--was carried out over the Spence porphyry copper deposit in Chile by Australian, Canadian and Chinese laboratories using selective weak leach methods and is briefly reviewed here. Erratic and weak copper anomalies were obtained above the Spence deposit, which is concealed below a thick piedmont gravel cover. In the literature, such patterns are common in most of the weak selective leach studies carried out over known buried deposits. During exploration in unknown area, such weak leach techniques lead to some success and many dry holes. In this paper, stronger selective leaching methods are developed for oxides and sulfides, which may be the stable end products transformed and accumulated by a mobile precursor phase carried upward through the overburden by gas or water through long spans of geological time. The data obtained by the methods developed in this paper produced more significant and consistent anomalous data than previous efforts. Consequently, the leach approaches described here may increase the effectiveness of deep penetrating geochemistry in exploration for con- cealed ore deposits.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Funds for Young Scholar(41002067)the 11th Five-Year Plan for Science and Technology Development "Research on the Key Technology for Tsunami Warning"
文摘At 14:34 Beijing time on February 27,2010,an earthquake of M w 8.8 rocked the central coast of Chile.A teletsunami was triggered by the huge earthquake and then propagated across the entire Pacific in less than 24 h.The initial tsunami wave arrived at the southeast coast of China at 16:20 on February 28 and was recorded in real time by a number of tidal gauges off China's Mainland and Taiwan Province.The teletsunami waves have never been recorded with such a broad geographical scope in China before this event.The aim of the present work is to report the first description of sea-level oscillations generated by the Chile tsunami,and evaluate the potential hazards that teletsunami poses to the coast of China.The results reveal that the east coast of Taiwan Province,Zhejiang Province and the north coast of Fujian Province are vulnerable to transoceanic tsunami.In addition,spectral and wavelet analysis of the recorded sea-level oscillations shows that "seiches" are easily excited by the resonance resulting from the interaction between the initial tsunami waves and local geometry (such as semi-enclosed bays and ports).The superimposition of the two oscillations would amplify the wave height further.
文摘The tempo-spatial variation of seismic activity before great Chile Mw8.8 earthquake on February 27, 2010 is studied. Some results are as follows： ①Two types of seismic gaps appeared before the Chile MwS.8 shock. One is background gap of Mw≥8.0 earthquakes with 360 km length since 1900, the other is seismogenic gap formed by M≥5.5 earth- quakes with 780km length five years before the Chile earthquake; ②There was only one Mw7.1 earthquake in the middle and southern part of Chile from 1986 to 2010. The obvious quiescence of Mw≥7.0 earthquake is the long-term background anomaly for the Chile earthquake; ③ The quiescence of M≥6.5 earthquakes appeared in South American block and its vicinity during the period from 2007 to 2009, and the quietude state has been disappeared three months before the Chile Mw8.8 earthquake; ④ The deep and intermediate-depth earthquake activity has been noticeablely strengthened in the subduction zone of South American block since 1993; ⑤The great Chile earthquake shows that global seismicity is still in the active period of Mw≥8.5 earthquakes since 2004. Based on the characteristics of the former two active periods, several great earthquakes with Mw≥8.5 would take place in a few years. In addition, the circum-Pacific seismic belt would be the main region for Mw≥8.0 earthquakes.
