This study investigated the humoral immunization of Astragalus polysaccharide （APS） against HgN2 avian influenza virus （H9N2 AIV） infection in chickens. The effects of APS treatment on H9N2 infection was evaluated...This study investigated the humoral immunization of Astragalus polysaccharide （APS） against HgN2 avian influenza virus （H9N2 AIV） infection in chickens. The effects of APS treatment on H9N2 infection was evaluated by an Mqq- [3（4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2, 3-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay and analysis of MFIC and cytokine mRNA expression. The effect on lymphocyte and serum antibody titers in vivo was also investigated. IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, LITAF, IL-12 and antibody titers to H9N2 AIV wet enhanced in the first week after APS treatment. The results indicated that APS treatment reduces H9N2 AIV replication and promotes early humoral immune responses in young chickens.This study investigated the humoral immunization of Astragalus polysaccharide （APS） against HgN2 avian influenza virus （H9N2 AIV） infection in chickens. The effects of APS treatment on HgN2 infection was evaluated by an M]q- [3（4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2, 3-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay and analysis of MHC and cytokine mRNA expression. The effect on lymphocyte and serum antibody titers in vivo was also investigated. IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, LITAF, IL-12 and antibody titers to PIgN2 AIV were enhanced in the first week after APS treatment. The results indicated that APS treatment reduces HgN2 AIV replication and promotes early humoral immune responses in young chickens.展开更多
From March to May, 2004, we selected 8 typical parks or green lands in Shanghai downtown as the study sites to conduct a ornithological research. During this study, total 55 species of birds were recorded, which inclu...From March to May, 2004, we selected 8 typical parks or green lands in Shanghai downtown as the study sites to conduct a ornithological research. During this study, total 55 species of birds were recorded, which included 31 resident and 24 migratory species. With statistics methodology, we analyzed the avian communities with 10 major environmental factors covering the park area, water percentage, vegetation species, canopy cover, shrub cover, grass cover, hill number, location condition, human quantity, path width, the study results indicated that: (1) the following 7 environmental factors were important to impact the structures of the avian community, they were park area, vegetation species, shrub coverage, grass coverage, hill number, location condition of the parks and path width; (2) the avian community of theses urban parks tended to deteriorate in the bird number and diversity; the man-made lake which was currently promoted in the park designing and planning process would not be good to attract the birds.展开更多
H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus was first detected in a goose in Guangdong Province of China in 1996. Multiple genotypes of H5N1 viruses have been identified from apparently healthy waterfowl since 1999. ...H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus was first detected in a goose in Guangdong Province of China in 1996. Multiple genotypes of H5N1 viruses have been identified from apparently healthy waterfowl since 1999. In the years 2004-2008, over 100 outbreaks in domestic poultry occurred in 23 provinces and caused severe economic damage to the poultry industry in China. Beginning from 2004, a culling plus vaccination strategy has been implemented for the control of epidemics. Since then, over 35420000 poultry have been depopulated, and over 55 billion doses of the different vaccines have been used to control the outbreaks. Although it is logistically impossible to vaccinate every single bird in China due to the large poultry population and the complicated rearing styles, there is no doubt that the increased vaccination coverage has resulted in decreased disease epidemic and environmental virus loading. The experience in China suggests that vaccination has played an important role in the protection of poultry from H5N1 virus infection, the reduction of virus load in the environment, and the prevention of H5N1 virus transmission from poultry to humans.展开更多
Heat as a stressor of poultry has been studied extensively for many decades; it affects poultry production on a worldwide basis and has significant impact on well-being and production. More recently, the involvement o...Heat as a stressor of poultry has been studied extensively for many decades; it affects poultry production on a worldwide basis and has significant impact on well-being and production. More recently, the involvement of heat stress in inducing oxidative stress has received much interest. Oxidative stress is defined as the presence of reactive species in excess of the available antioxidant capacity of animal cells. Reactive species can modify several biologically cellular macromolecules and can interfere with cell signaling pathways. Furthermore, during the last decade, there has been an ever-increasing interest in the use of a wide array of natural feed-delivered phytochemicals that have potential antioxidant properties for poultry. In light of this, the current review aims to（1） summarize the mechanisms through which heat stress triggers excessive superoxide radical production in the mitochondrion and progresses into oxidative stress,（2） illustrate that this pathophysiology is dependent on the intensity and duration of heat stress,（3） present different nutritional strategies for mitigation of mitochondrial dysfunction, with particular focus on antioxidant phytochemicals.Oxidative stress that occurs with heat exposure can be manifest in all parts of the body; however, mitochondrial dysfunction underlies oxidative stress. In the initial phase of acute heat stress, mitochondrial substrate oxidation and electron transport chain activity are increased resulting in excessive superoxide production. During the later stage of acute heat stress, down-regulation of avian uncoupling protein worsens the oxidative stress situation causing mitochondrial dysfunction and tissue damage. Typically, antioxidant enzyme activities are upregulated. Chronic heat stress, however, leads to downsizing of mitochondrial metabolic oxidative capacity, up-regulation of avian uncoupling protein, a clear alteration in the pattern of antioxidant enzyme activities, and depletion of antioxidant reserves.Some phytochemicals, such as vario展开更多
An exogenous avian leukosis virus (ALV) strain SDAU09C1 was isolated in DF-1 cells from one of 240 imported 1-day-old white meat-type grand parent breeder chicks. Inoculation of SDAU09C1 in ALV-free chickens induced a...An exogenous avian leukosis virus (ALV) strain SDAU09C1 was isolated in DF-1 cells from one of 240 imported 1-day-old white meat-type grand parent breeder chicks. Inoculation of SDAU09C1 in ALV-free chickens induced antibody reactions specific to subgroup A or B. But gp85 amino acid sequence comparisons indicated that SDAU09C1 fell into subgroup A; it had homology of 88.8%-90.3% to 6 reference strains of subgroup A, much higher compared to other subgroups including subgroup B. This is the first report for ALV of subgroup A isolated from imported breeders.展开更多
目的了解上世纪90年代以来我国部分地区禽源大肠杆菌和沙门菌分离株对1-4代喹诺酮类药物耐药情况。方法血清型采用常规的凝集试验进行测定;药敏纸片试验采用CLSI(clinical and laboratory standards institute)推荐的K-B药敏纸片法。结...目的了解上世纪90年代以来我国部分地区禽源大肠杆菌和沙门菌分离株对1-4代喹诺酮类药物耐药情况。方法血清型采用常规的凝集试验进行测定;药敏纸片试验采用CLSI(clinical and laboratory standards institute)推荐的K-B药敏纸片法。结果344株禽源大肠杆菌分离株覆盖了27个血清型,其中O78、O2、O1和O18血清型菌株分别有141、47、27和22株,共237株,占定型菌株的68.90%;224株禽源沙门菌经血清型鉴定均为鸡白痢沙门菌。1993-1999年禽源大肠杆菌分离株仅对萘啶酸的耐药率超过60%(62.43%,113/181);2000-2008年禽源大肠杆菌分离株对1-3代9种喹诺酮类药物的耐药率均超过60%;禽源沙门菌从2000年起开始出现喹诺酮类耐药菌株,2000-2008年分离到的沙门菌对萘啶酸的耐药率达到了83.74%,但对其它喹诺酮类抗生素的耐药率相对较低。结论近20年来,我国禽源大肠杆菌和沙门菌对喹诺酮类药物的耐药性不断上升,10种喹诺酮类药物之间存在着不同程度的交叉耐药性,且禽源大肠杆菌比沙门菌对喹诺酮类药物的耐药性更为严重,交叉耐药情况亦更为复杂。展开更多
The H5N8 avian influenza viruses have been widely circulating in wild birds and are responsible for the loss of over 33 million domestic poultry in Europe, Russia, Middle East, and Asia since January 2020. To monitor ...The H5N8 avian influenza viruses have been widely circulating in wild birds and are responsible for the loss of over 33 million domestic poultry in Europe, Russia, Middle East, and Asia since January 2020. To monitor the invasion and spread of the H5N8 virus in China, we performed active surveillance by analyzing 317 wild bird samples and swab samples collected from 41,172 poultry all over the country. We isolated 22 H5N8 viruses from wild birds and 14 H5N8 viruses from waterfowls. Genetic analysis indicated that the 36 viruses formed two different genotypes: one genotype viruses were widely detected from different wild birds and domestic waterfowls;the other genotype was isolated from a whopper swan. We further revealed the origin and spatiotemporal spread of these two distinct H5N8 virus genotypes in 2020 and 2021. Animal studies indicated that the H5N8 isolates are highly pathogenic to chickens, mildly pathogenic in ducks, but have distinct pathotypes in mice. Moreover, we found that vaccinated poultry in China could be completely protected against H5N8 virus challenge. Given that the H5N8 viruses are likely to continue to spread in wild birds, vaccination of poultry is highly recommended in high-risk countries to prevent H5N8 avian influenza.展开更多
基金supported by funds provided by South China Agricultural University and Guangzhou work team project(No 2011A020102009)
文摘This study investigated the humoral immunization of Astragalus polysaccharide （APS） against HgN2 avian influenza virus （H9N2 AIV） infection in chickens. The effects of APS treatment on H9N2 infection was evaluated by an Mqq- [3（4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2, 3-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay and analysis of MFIC and cytokine mRNA expression. The effect on lymphocyte and serum antibody titers in vivo was also investigated. IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, LITAF, IL-12 and antibody titers to H9N2 AIV wet enhanced in the first week after APS treatment. The results indicated that APS treatment reduces H9N2 AIV replication and promotes early humoral immune responses in young chickens.This study investigated the humoral immunization of Astragalus polysaccharide （APS） against HgN2 avian influenza virus （H9N2 AIV） infection in chickens. The effects of APS treatment on HgN2 infection was evaluated by an M]q- [3（4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2, 3-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay and analysis of MHC and cytokine mRNA expression. The effect on lymphocyte and serum antibody titers in vivo was also investigated. IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, LITAF, IL-12 and antibody titers to PIgN2 AIV were enhanced in the first week after APS treatment. The results indicated that APS treatment reduces HgN2 AIV replication and promotes early humoral immune responses in young chickens.
文摘From March to May, 2004, we selected 8 typical parks or green lands in Shanghai downtown as the study sites to conduct a ornithological research. During this study, total 55 species of birds were recorded, which included 31 resident and 24 migratory species. With statistics methodology, we analyzed the avian communities with 10 major environmental factors covering the park area, water percentage, vegetation species, canopy cover, shrub cover, grass cover, hill number, location condition, human quantity, path width, the study results indicated that: (1) the following 7 environmental factors were important to impact the structures of the avian community, they were park area, vegetation species, shrub coverage, grass coverage, hill number, location condition of the parks and path width; (2) the avian community of theses urban parks tended to deteriorate in the bird number and diversity; the man-made lake which was currently promoted in the park designing and planning process would not be good to attract the birds.
基金Supported by the Key Animal Infectious Disease Control Program of the Ministry of Agriculture, the Chinese National S&T Plan(Grant No. 2004BA519A-57)National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos: 2005CB523005, 2005CB523200).
文摘H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus was first detected in a goose in Guangdong Province of China in 1996. Multiple genotypes of H5N1 viruses have been identified from apparently healthy waterfowl since 1999. In the years 2004-2008, over 100 outbreaks in domestic poultry occurred in 23 provinces and caused severe economic damage to the poultry industry in China. Beginning from 2004, a culling plus vaccination strategy has been implemented for the control of epidemics. Since then, over 35420000 poultry have been depopulated, and over 55 billion doses of the different vaccines have been used to control the outbreaks. Although it is logistically impossible to vaccinate every single bird in China due to the large poultry population and the complicated rearing styles, there is no doubt that the increased vaccination coverage has resulted in decreased disease epidemic and environmental virus loading. The experience in China suggests that vaccination has played an important role in the protection of poultry from H5N1 virus infection, the reduction of virus load in the environment, and the prevention of H5N1 virus transmission from poultry to humans.
基金the Special Research Fund(BOF)of Ghent University(Belgium)for the financial support of Abdol ah Akbarian(grant number 01SF2711)
文摘Heat as a stressor of poultry has been studied extensively for many decades; it affects poultry production on a worldwide basis and has significant impact on well-being and production. More recently, the involvement of heat stress in inducing oxidative stress has received much interest. Oxidative stress is defined as the presence of reactive species in excess of the available antioxidant capacity of animal cells. Reactive species can modify several biologically cellular macromolecules and can interfere with cell signaling pathways. Furthermore, during the last decade, there has been an ever-increasing interest in the use of a wide array of natural feed-delivered phytochemicals that have potential antioxidant properties for poultry. In light of this, the current review aims to（1） summarize the mechanisms through which heat stress triggers excessive superoxide radical production in the mitochondrion and progresses into oxidative stress,（2） illustrate that this pathophysiology is dependent on the intensity and duration of heat stress,（3） present different nutritional strategies for mitigation of mitochondrial dysfunction, with particular focus on antioxidant phytochemicals.Oxidative stress that occurs with heat exposure can be manifest in all parts of the body; however, mitochondrial dysfunction underlies oxidative stress. In the initial phase of acute heat stress, mitochondrial substrate oxidation and electron transport chain activity are increased resulting in excessive superoxide production. During the later stage of acute heat stress, down-regulation of avian uncoupling protein worsens the oxidative stress situation causing mitochondrial dysfunction and tissue damage. Typically, antioxidant enzyme activities are upregulated. Chronic heat stress, however, leads to downsizing of mitochondrial metabolic oxidative capacity, up-regulation of avian uncoupling protein, a clear alteration in the pattern of antioxidant enzyme activities, and depletion of antioxidant reserves.Some phytochemicals, such as vario
基金supported by a grant from Shandong province and a grant (200803019) from the Ministry of Agriculturesupported by a grant from Shandong province and a grant (20080019) from the Ministry of Agriculture
文摘An exogenous avian leukosis virus (ALV) strain SDAU09C1 was isolated in DF-1 cells from one of 240 imported 1-day-old white meat-type grand parent breeder chicks. Inoculation of SDAU09C1 in ALV-free chickens induced antibody reactions specific to subgroup A or B. But gp85 amino acid sequence comparisons indicated that SDAU09C1 fell into subgroup A; it had homology of 88.8%-90.3% to 6 reference strains of subgroup A, much higher compared to other subgroups including subgroup B. This is the first report for ALV of subgroup A isolated from imported breeders.
文摘目的了解上世纪90年代以来我国部分地区禽源大肠杆菌和沙门菌分离株对1-4代喹诺酮类药物耐药情况。方法血清型采用常规的凝集试验进行测定;药敏纸片试验采用CLSI(clinical and laboratory standards institute)推荐的K-B药敏纸片法。结果344株禽源大肠杆菌分离株覆盖了27个血清型,其中O78、O2、O1和O18血清型菌株分别有141、47、27和22株,共237株,占定型菌株的68.90%;224株禽源沙门菌经血清型鉴定均为鸡白痢沙门菌。1993-1999年禽源大肠杆菌分离株仅对萘啶酸的耐药率超过60%(62.43%,113/181);2000-2008年禽源大肠杆菌分离株对1-3代9种喹诺酮类药物的耐药率均超过60%;禽源沙门菌从2000年起开始出现喹诺酮类耐药菌株,2000-2008年分离到的沙门菌对萘啶酸的耐药率达到了83.74%,但对其它喹诺酮类抗生素的耐药率相对较低。结论近20年来,我国禽源大肠杆菌和沙门菌对喹诺酮类药物的耐药性不断上升,10种喹诺酮类药物之间存在着不同程度的交叉耐药性,且禽源大肠杆菌比沙门菌对喹诺酮类药物的耐药性更为严重,交叉耐药情况亦更为复杂。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31521005, 31672593)the Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture Project (NT2021007)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0500201)the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-41G12)
文摘The H5N8 avian influenza viruses have been widely circulating in wild birds and are responsible for the loss of over 33 million domestic poultry in Europe, Russia, Middle East, and Asia since January 2020. To monitor the invasion and spread of the H5N8 virus in China, we performed active surveillance by analyzing 317 wild bird samples and swab samples collected from 41,172 poultry all over the country. We isolated 22 H5N8 viruses from wild birds and 14 H5N8 viruses from waterfowls. Genetic analysis indicated that the 36 viruses formed two different genotypes: one genotype viruses were widely detected from different wild birds and domestic waterfowls;the other genotype was isolated from a whopper swan. We further revealed the origin and spatiotemporal spread of these two distinct H5N8 virus genotypes in 2020 and 2021. Animal studies indicated that the H5N8 isolates are highly pathogenic to chickens, mildly pathogenic in ducks, but have distinct pathotypes in mice. Moreover, we found that vaccinated poultry in China could be completely protected against H5N8 virus challenge. Given that the H5N8 viruses are likely to continue to spread in wild birds, vaccination of poultry is highly recommended in high-risk countries to prevent H5N8 avian influenza.
