花岗岩与大地构造环境之间的关系是花岗岩研究的热门话题,许多人认为,利用地球化学标志可以判别花岗岩形成的大地构造环境。勿庸置疑,花岗岩构造环境判别方法是仿效玄武岩提出来的。因此,本文从回顾玄武岩构造环境判别开始,详细剖析了Pe...花岗岩与大地构造环境之间的关系是花岗岩研究的热门话题,许多人认为,利用地球化学标志可以判别花岗岩形成的大地构造环境。勿庸置疑,花岗岩构造环境判别方法是仿效玄武岩提出来的。因此,本文从回顾玄武岩构造环境判别开始,详细剖析了Pearce et al(1984b)和Barbalin(1999)关于花岗岩构造环境判别的研究成果,指出了花岗岩构造环境判别中存在的问题。我们认为,花岗岩地球化学性质主要反映的是花岗岩源区的性质和构造环境,而非花岗岩形成时的构造环境。本文按照全球花岗岩的分布将花岗岩分为产于大洋及其边缘(海岸)的、产于板块边缘和陆内与碰撞有关的和产于陆块内部的三类花岗岩。(1)产于大洋及其边缘(海岸)的花岗岩源于洋壳类型的玄武岩(MORB、IAT、OIB等),花岗岩具明显的地幔印记ε_(Nd)(t)同位素比值高,Sr同位素比值低),大体可以用现有的判别图判别其形成的构造环境。(2)与碰撞作用有关的花岗岩大多分布在陆块边缘,同碰撞和后碰撞指的是构造(变形)事件,与板块构造环境(洋脊、岛弧、洋岛、裂谷等)在概念上是不同的。区分同碰撞和碰撞后花岗岩不能单靠花岗岩的地球化学标志,也不能单靠花岗岩构造判别图,而应当从岩石组合和岩石性质两方面入手:碰撞有利于形成埃达克岩和(具低Sr低Yb特征的)淡色花岗岩;碰撞后的伸展背景有利于形成非常低Sr高Yb的A型花岗岩。(3)产于陆块内部的花岗岩其形成主要与地幔来源的热有关,花岗岩的地球化学性质主要决定于源岩及形成时的深度,与地表浅层构造作用和事件无关。研究表明,地球上只有大约10%的花岗岩可以探讨其形成的构造环境,20%左右的花岗岩需要研究它们与构造事件的关系(同碰撞或后碰撞),而约70%的产于陆壳上的花岗岩,既无从考虑其形成的构造环境,也无需研究其与构造事件的关系。�展开更多
The term adakite was originally pro- posed to define silica-rich, high Sr/Y and La/Yb vol- canic and plutonic rocks derived from melting of the basaltic portion of oceanic crust subducted beneath volcanic arcs. It was...The term adakite was originally pro- posed to define silica-rich, high Sr/Y and La/Yb vol- canic and plutonic rocks derived from melting of the basaltic portion of oceanic crust subducted beneath volcanic arcs. It was also initially believed that ada- kite only occurs in convergent margins where young and thus still hot oceanic slabs are being subducted, but later studies have proposed that it also occurs in other arc settings where unusual tectonic conditions can lower the solidus of older slabs. Currently, ada- kite covers a range of arc rocks ranging from pristine slab melt, to adakite-peridotite hybrid melt, to melt derived from peridotite metasomatized by slab melt. Adakite studies have generated some confusions because (1) the definition of adakite combines com- positional criteria with a genetic interpretation (melt- ing of subducted basalt), (2) the definition is fairly broad and relies on chemistry as its distinguishing characteristic, (3) the use of high pressure melting experiment results on wet basalts as unequivocal proofs of slab melting and (4) the existence of ada- kitic rocks with chemical characteristics similar to adakites but are clearly unrelated to slab melting. Other studies have shown that adakitic rocks and a number of the previously reported adakites are pro- duced through melting of the mafic lower crust or ponded basaltic magma, high-pressure crystal frac- tionation of basaltic magma and low-pressure crystal fractionation of basaltic magma plus magma mixing processes in both arc or non-arc tectonic environ- ments. Despite the confusing interpretations on the petrogenesis of adakite and adakitic rocks, their in- vestigations have enriched our understanding of material recycling at subduction zones, crustal evolu- tionary processes and economic mineralization.展开更多
High-precision major element and Hf isotope data are reported for the Neoproterozoic Suxiong volcanic rocks along the western margin of the Yangtze Block. These volcanic rocks have variable εHf(T) values and Fe/Mn ra...High-precision major element and Hf isotope data are reported for the Neoproterozoic Suxiong volcanic rocks along the western margin of the Yangtze Block. These volcanic rocks have variable εHf(T) values and Fe/Mn ratios. The relatively primitive basalts have high Fe/Mn ratios and high Hf-Nd isotopic compositions, indicating that they were generated by partial melting of garnet clinopyroxene in mantle plume at high pressure. Thus, the Suxiong basalts are genetically related to the proposed Neoproterozoic super-plume. On the contrary, a few differentiated basalts have low Fe/Mn ratios and low Hf-Nd isotopic compositions. They are likely to experience assimilation-fractional crystallization process. The Suxiong rhyolites have consistent Hf and Nd model ages of 1.3―1.4 Ga. They are likely generated by shallow dehydration melting of pre-existing young arc igne-ous rocks associated with the basaltic underplating/intrusion in a continental rift.展开更多
最近,花岗岩混合成了花岗岩研究的热点,国内外许多学者探讨了花岗岩混合问题,并尝试用不同端元组分不同比例的混合来解释花岗岩的地球化学变化。本文从花岗岩与玄武岩的对比出发,探讨了花岗岩混合的可能性和局限性。作者认为,花岗岩混...最近,花岗岩混合成了花岗岩研究的热点,国内外许多学者探讨了花岗岩混合问题,并尝试用不同端元组分不同比例的混合来解释花岗岩的地球化学变化。本文从花岗岩与玄武岩的对比出发,探讨了花岗岩混合的可能性和局限性。作者认为,花岗岩混合的现象是普遍存在的,但是次要的和局部的。岩浆混合的能力或能干性(competence of mixing)主要取决于岩浆的黏性和温度,而黏性又与硅氧四面体有关。相对于玄武岩,花岗岩的SiO_2含量高,温度低,因此,花岗质岩浆的混合能干性很低。玄武质岩浆的混合是mixing(以化学混合为主),而花岗质岩浆的混合通常只是mingling(以机械混合为主),只有在少数情况下才能达到mixing的程度,例如,埃达克岩与地幔混合形成的高镁安山岩或高镁埃达克岩。许多人认为,花岗岩中的暗色微粒包体是花岗质岩浆混合作用最显著、最直接证据。研究表明,花岗岩中的暗色微粒包体大多是闪长质成分的,其初始成分大多是玄武质的。因此,暗色微粒包体不是花岗质岩浆混合作用最显著、最直接证据,而是玄武质岩浆混合能力强过花岗质岩浆的证据。与玄武质岩浆的起源比较,花岗质岩浆从一开始熔融就是不均一的,这源于源区的不均一及熔融过程的复杂性。花岗质岩浆原始均一性的假定是不可能的。花岗岩成分的变化以及在哈克图解中成分点的"连续谱系",主要是由源区不均一性引起的,混合和分异可能有一定的作用,但毕竟是次要的。花岗质岩浆从源区生成、迁移、直至在地表喷出或在浅部定位的全过程,是一个不断均一化和不均一化的过程。但是,由于花岗质岩浆的黏性大,上述过程及岩浆演化的程度和规模都受到限制,也限制了岩浆混合的程度和规模。许多人仅从花岗岩地球化学成分的变化来研究花岗岩的成因,而很少考虑花岗岩物理性质对岩展开更多
文摘花岗岩与大地构造环境之间的关系是花岗岩研究的热门话题,许多人认为,利用地球化学标志可以判别花岗岩形成的大地构造环境。勿庸置疑,花岗岩构造环境判别方法是仿效玄武岩提出来的。因此,本文从回顾玄武岩构造环境判别开始,详细剖析了Pearce et al(1984b)和Barbalin(1999)关于花岗岩构造环境判别的研究成果,指出了花岗岩构造环境判别中存在的问题。我们认为,花岗岩地球化学性质主要反映的是花岗岩源区的性质和构造环境,而非花岗岩形成时的构造环境。本文按照全球花岗岩的分布将花岗岩分为产于大洋及其边缘(海岸)的、产于板块边缘和陆内与碰撞有关的和产于陆块内部的三类花岗岩。(1)产于大洋及其边缘(海岸)的花岗岩源于洋壳类型的玄武岩(MORB、IAT、OIB等),花岗岩具明显的地幔印记ε_(Nd)(t)同位素比值高,Sr同位素比值低),大体可以用现有的判别图判别其形成的构造环境。(2)与碰撞作用有关的花岗岩大多分布在陆块边缘,同碰撞和后碰撞指的是构造(变形)事件,与板块构造环境(洋脊、岛弧、洋岛、裂谷等)在概念上是不同的。区分同碰撞和碰撞后花岗岩不能单靠花岗岩的地球化学标志,也不能单靠花岗岩构造判别图,而应当从岩石组合和岩石性质两方面入手:碰撞有利于形成埃达克岩和(具低Sr低Yb特征的)淡色花岗岩;碰撞后的伸展背景有利于形成非常低Sr高Yb的A型花岗岩。(3)产于陆块内部的花岗岩其形成主要与地幔来源的热有关,花岗岩的地球化学性质主要决定于源岩及形成时的深度,与地表浅层构造作用和事件无关。研究表明,地球上只有大约10%的花岗岩可以探讨其形成的构造环境,20%左右的花岗岩需要研究它们与构造事件的关系(同碰撞或后碰撞),而约70%的产于陆壳上的花岗岩,既无从考虑其形成的构造环境,也无需研究其与构造事件的关系。�
文摘The term adakite was originally pro- posed to define silica-rich, high Sr/Y and La/Yb vol- canic and plutonic rocks derived from melting of the basaltic portion of oceanic crust subducted beneath volcanic arcs. It was also initially believed that ada- kite only occurs in convergent margins where young and thus still hot oceanic slabs are being subducted, but later studies have proposed that it also occurs in other arc settings where unusual tectonic conditions can lower the solidus of older slabs. Currently, ada- kite covers a range of arc rocks ranging from pristine slab melt, to adakite-peridotite hybrid melt, to melt derived from peridotite metasomatized by slab melt. Adakite studies have generated some confusions because (1) the definition of adakite combines com- positional criteria with a genetic interpretation (melt- ing of subducted basalt), (2) the definition is fairly broad and relies on chemistry as its distinguishing characteristic, (3) the use of high pressure melting experiment results on wet basalts as unequivocal proofs of slab melting and (4) the existence of ada- kitic rocks with chemical characteristics similar to adakites but are clearly unrelated to slab melting. Other studies have shown that adakitic rocks and a number of the previously reported adakites are pro- duced through melting of the mafic lower crust or ponded basaltic magma, high-pressure crystal frac- tionation of basaltic magma and low-pressure crystal fractionation of basaltic magma plus magma mixing processes in both arc or non-arc tectonic environ- ments. Despite the confusing interpretations on the petrogenesis of adakite and adakitic rocks, their in- vestigations have enriched our understanding of material recycling at subduction zones, crustal evolu- tionary processes and economic mineralization.
基金supported by NSFC(Grant No.40421303)Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.KZCX3-SW-141 and GIGCX-04-06).
文摘High-precision major element and Hf isotope data are reported for the Neoproterozoic Suxiong volcanic rocks along the western margin of the Yangtze Block. These volcanic rocks have variable εHf(T) values and Fe/Mn ratios. The relatively primitive basalts have high Fe/Mn ratios and high Hf-Nd isotopic compositions, indicating that they were generated by partial melting of garnet clinopyroxene in mantle plume at high pressure. Thus, the Suxiong basalts are genetically related to the proposed Neoproterozoic super-plume. On the contrary, a few differentiated basalts have low Fe/Mn ratios and low Hf-Nd isotopic compositions. They are likely to experience assimilation-fractional crystallization process. The Suxiong rhyolites have consistent Hf and Nd model ages of 1.3―1.4 Ga. They are likely generated by shallow dehydration melting of pre-existing young arc igne-ous rocks associated with the basaltic underplating/intrusion in a continental rift.
文摘最近,花岗岩混合成了花岗岩研究的热点,国内外许多学者探讨了花岗岩混合问题,并尝试用不同端元组分不同比例的混合来解释花岗岩的地球化学变化。本文从花岗岩与玄武岩的对比出发,探讨了花岗岩混合的可能性和局限性。作者认为,花岗岩混合的现象是普遍存在的,但是次要的和局部的。岩浆混合的能力或能干性(competence of mixing)主要取决于岩浆的黏性和温度,而黏性又与硅氧四面体有关。相对于玄武岩,花岗岩的SiO_2含量高,温度低,因此,花岗质岩浆的混合能干性很低。玄武质岩浆的混合是mixing(以化学混合为主),而花岗质岩浆的混合通常只是mingling(以机械混合为主),只有在少数情况下才能达到mixing的程度,例如,埃达克岩与地幔混合形成的高镁安山岩或高镁埃达克岩。许多人认为,花岗岩中的暗色微粒包体是花岗质岩浆混合作用最显著、最直接证据。研究表明,花岗岩中的暗色微粒包体大多是闪长质成分的,其初始成分大多是玄武质的。因此,暗色微粒包体不是花岗质岩浆混合作用最显著、最直接证据,而是玄武质岩浆混合能力强过花岗质岩浆的证据。与玄武质岩浆的起源比较,花岗质岩浆从一开始熔融就是不均一的,这源于源区的不均一及熔融过程的复杂性。花岗质岩浆原始均一性的假定是不可能的。花岗岩成分的变化以及在哈克图解中成分点的"连续谱系",主要是由源区不均一性引起的,混合和分异可能有一定的作用,但毕竟是次要的。花岗质岩浆从源区生成、迁移、直至在地表喷出或在浅部定位的全过程,是一个不断均一化和不均一化的过程。但是,由于花岗质岩浆的黏性大,上述过程及岩浆演化的程度和规模都受到限制,也限制了岩浆混合的程度和规模。许多人仅从花岗岩地球化学成分的变化来研究花岗岩的成因,而很少考虑花岗岩物理性质对岩
