The intensity of the winter Siberian High has significantly negative correlations with Arctic sea ice concentration anomalies from the previous autumn to winter seasons in the Eastern Arctic Ocean and Siberian margina...The intensity of the winter Siberian High has significantly negative correlations with Arctic sea ice concentration anomalies from the previous autumn to winter seasons in the Eastern Arctic Ocean and Siberian marginal seas. Our results indicate that autumn-winter Arctic sea ice concentration and concurrent sea surface temperature anomalies are responsible for the winter Siberian High and surface air temperature anomalies over the mid-high latitudes of Eurasia and East Asia. Numerical experiments also support this conclusion, and consistently show that the low sea ice concentration causes negative surface air temperature anomalies over the mid-high latitudes of Eurasia. A mechanism is proposed to explain the association between autumn-winter sea ice concentration and winter Siberian High. Our results also show that September sea ice concentration provides a potential precursor for winter Siberian High that cannot be predicted using only tropical sea surface temperatures. In the last two decades (1990–2009), a strengthening trend of winter Siberian High along with a decline trend in surface air temperature in the mid-high latitudes of the Asian Continent have favored the recent frequent cold winters over East Asia. The reason for these short-term trends in winter Siberian High and surface air temperature are discussed.展开更多
利用美国冰雪资料中心(The National Snowand Ice Data Center)提供的近40年逐周的卫星反演雪盖资料,考察了冬季欧亚大陆北部新增雪盖面积(Total Fresh Snow Extent,冬季TFSE)与我国夏季(6～8月)气候异常的关系。分析发现,冬季TFSE与我...利用美国冰雪资料中心(The National Snowand Ice Data Center)提供的近40年逐周的卫星反演雪盖资料,考察了冬季欧亚大陆北部新增雪盖面积(Total Fresh Snow Extent,冬季TFSE)与我国夏季(6～8月)气候异常的关系。分析发现,冬季TFSE与我国夏季气候异常存在明显关联:当冬季TFSE偏大时,夏季贝加尔湖以东易盛行异常冷低压,内蒙古东部和东北西部易出现凉夏,同时,东亚副热带西风急流增强,西太平洋副热带高压易加强且西伸和北扩,江南地区在副高的控制下易干热;冬季TFSE偏小时的情况相反。这种显著关联独立于ENSO事件,并且在近40年来较为稳定;冬季TFSE与我国江南夏季降水在20世纪90年代初均发生过一次十年际尺度变化,表现为在20世纪90年代初之后,冬季TFSE(江南降水)明显减小(增多),同时,冬季TFSE与江淮夏季降水的正相关关系明显增强。进一步的分析表明,冬季TFSE可能通过某种途径来影响东亚副热带急流的变化,进而影响我国夏季气候异常。展开更多
The history of cultural exchange in prehistoric Eurasia(CEPE) has been widely investigated. Based on archaeological evidence, this process is thought to date back to at least the early Bronze Age, although details abo...The history of cultural exchange in prehistoric Eurasia(CEPE) has been widely investigated. Based on archaeological evidence, this process is thought to date back to at least the early Bronze Age, although details about timings and routes remain unclear. It is likely that CEPE promoted the spread and exchange of crops that originated in different parts of Eurasia; since these remains can be definitely identified and directly dated, they provide ideal research materials to explore the history of CEPE. In this paper, we review the available archaeobotanical evidence and direct radiocarbon dates for crop remains, alongside carbon isotopic data from human bones unearthed from prehistoric sites in Eurasia, in order to investigate the history of the spread of millet crops, and wheat and barley, that were first domesticated in the eastern and western parts of Eurasia during prehistoric times.In combination with other archaeological evidences, we discuss the history of CEPE. Our results suggest that wheat and barley were domesticated in western Asia around 10500 a BP, spread into Europe and western Central Asia before 8000 a BP, and reaching eastern Central Asia and northwestern China between 4500 and 4000 a BP. Data show that both broomcorn and foxtail millet were domesticated in eastern Asia before 7700 a BP, spread into eastern Central Asia between 4500 and 4000 a BP, and into western Asia and Europe prior to 3500 a BP. Wheat, barley, and millet crops were first utilized together in eastern Kazakhstan within Central Asia around 4400 a BP, the region where earliest CEPE is likely to have taken place. These crops were mixedly used mainly in eastern central Asia and northwest China between 4500 and 3500 a BP, and then across the Eurasia before 2200 a BP. The results of this study suggest that transcontinental CEPE might have been initiated during the fifth millennium, before intensifying during the Bronze Age to lay the foundations for the creation of the ancient Silk Road during the Han Dynasty(between 202 BC and 220AD)展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB411505)the Calling Project of China (GYHY200906017)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40875052 and 40921003)the Basic Research Foundation of CAMS (2010Z003)
文摘The intensity of the winter Siberian High has significantly negative correlations with Arctic sea ice concentration anomalies from the previous autumn to winter seasons in the Eastern Arctic Ocean and Siberian marginal seas. Our results indicate that autumn-winter Arctic sea ice concentration and concurrent sea surface temperature anomalies are responsible for the winter Siberian High and surface air temperature anomalies over the mid-high latitudes of Eurasia and East Asia. Numerical experiments also support this conclusion, and consistently show that the low sea ice concentration causes negative surface air temperature anomalies over the mid-high latitudes of Eurasia. A mechanism is proposed to explain the association between autumn-winter sea ice concentration and winter Siberian High. Our results also show that September sea ice concentration provides a potential precursor for winter Siberian High that cannot be predicted using only tropical sea surface temperatures. In the last two decades (1990–2009), a strengthening trend of winter Siberian High along with a decline trend in surface air temperature in the mid-high latitudes of the Asian Continent have favored the recent frequent cold winters over East Asia. The reason for these short-term trends in winter Siberian High and surface air temperature are discussed.
文摘利用美国冰雪资料中心(The National Snowand Ice Data Center)提供的近40年逐周的卫星反演雪盖资料,考察了冬季欧亚大陆北部新增雪盖面积(Total Fresh Snow Extent,冬季TFSE)与我国夏季(6～8月)气候异常的关系。分析发现,冬季TFSE与我国夏季气候异常存在明显关联:当冬季TFSE偏大时,夏季贝加尔湖以东易盛行异常冷低压,内蒙古东部和东北西部易出现凉夏,同时,东亚副热带西风急流增强,西太平洋副热带高压易加强且西伸和北扩,江南地区在副高的控制下易干热;冬季TFSE偏小时的情况相反。这种显著关联独立于ENSO事件,并且在近40年来较为稳定;冬季TFSE与我国江南夏季降水在20世纪90年代初均发生过一次十年际尺度变化,表现为在20世纪90年代初之后,冬季TFSE(江南降水)明显减小(增多),同时,冬季TFSE与江淮夏季降水的正相关关系明显增强。进一步的分析表明,冬季TFSE可能通过某种途径来影响东亚副热带急流的变化,进而影响我国夏季气候异常。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41620104007 & 41671077)the National Social Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12&ZD151)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. LZUJBKY-2015-k09)
文摘The history of cultural exchange in prehistoric Eurasia(CEPE) has been widely investigated. Based on archaeological evidence, this process is thought to date back to at least the early Bronze Age, although details about timings and routes remain unclear. It is likely that CEPE promoted the spread and exchange of crops that originated in different parts of Eurasia; since these remains can be definitely identified and directly dated, they provide ideal research materials to explore the history of CEPE. In this paper, we review the available archaeobotanical evidence and direct radiocarbon dates for crop remains, alongside carbon isotopic data from human bones unearthed from prehistoric sites in Eurasia, in order to investigate the history of the spread of millet crops, and wheat and barley, that were first domesticated in the eastern and western parts of Eurasia during prehistoric times.In combination with other archaeological evidences, we discuss the history of CEPE. Our results suggest that wheat and barley were domesticated in western Asia around 10500 a BP, spread into Europe and western Central Asia before 8000 a BP, and reaching eastern Central Asia and northwestern China between 4500 and 4000 a BP. Data show that both broomcorn and foxtail millet were domesticated in eastern Asia before 7700 a BP, spread into eastern Central Asia between 4500 and 4000 a BP, and into western Asia and Europe prior to 3500 a BP. Wheat, barley, and millet crops were first utilized together in eastern Kazakhstan within Central Asia around 4400 a BP, the region where earliest CEPE is likely to have taken place. These crops were mixedly used mainly in eastern central Asia and northwest China between 4500 and 3500 a BP, and then across the Eurasia before 2200 a BP. The results of this study suggest that transcontinental CEPE might have been initiated during the fifth millennium, before intensifying during the Bronze Age to lay the foundations for the creation of the ancient Silk Road during the Han Dynasty(between 202 BC and 220AD)
