Background:National Cancer Center(NCC)of China annually reports the nationwide statistics for cancer inci-dence and mortality using population-based cancer registry data from all available cancer registries in China.M...Background:National Cancer Center(NCC)of China annually reports the nationwide statistics for cancer inci-dence and mortality using population-based cancer registry data from all available cancer registries in China.Methods:There were a total of 487 registries which reported high quality data of cancer incidence and mortality across China in 2016.The nationwide numbers of new cancer cases and deaths were estimated using the pooled cancer registry data,which were stratified by area(urban/rural),sex,age group(0,1-4,5-9,10-14…85+)and cancer site for incidence and mortality,and then multiplied by corresponding national population.The world Segi’s population was applied for the calculation of age-standardized rates.Results:About 4,064,000 new cancer cases and 2,413,500 new cancer deaths occurred in China in 2016.Cancers of the lung,colon-rectum,stomach,liver and female breast were the top five common cancers,accounting for 57.4%of total cancer new cases.Cancers of the lung,liver,stomach,colon-rectum and esophagus were the five leading causes of cancer deaths,accounting for 69.3%of total cancer deaths.The crude and age-standardized incidence rates(ASIR)were 293.91 and 186.46 per 100,000 population,respectively.The crude mortality rate was 174.55/100,000 and the age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR)was 105.19/100,000.The ASIR was higher but the ASMR was lower in urban areas than that in rural areas.In past decades,the ASIR was relatively stable in males,but significantly increased by about 2.3%per year in females for overall cancers combined.In contrast,the ASMR significantly decreased by about 1.2%per year for both sexes during 2000-2016.Notably,the cancer-specific ASIR and ASMR of esophageal,stomach,and liver cancers decreased significantly,whereas both rates for cancers of the colon-rectum,prostate,female breast,cervix,and thyroid increased significantly.Conclusions:Cancer remains a major public health problem in China,which demands long-term collaborative efforts of a broad community.With the national guideline 展开更多
Background:The National Cancer Center(NCC)of China regularly reports the nationwide statistics on cancer incidence and mortality in China.The International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC)calculates and publishes t...Background:The National Cancer Center(NCC)of China regularly reports the nationwide statistics on cancer incidence and mortality in China.The International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC)calculates and publishes the cancer burden of countries around the world every two years.To ensure consistency between the actual surveillance data in China and the data published by IARC,NCC has received approval from the National Health Commission and IARC to simultaneously release the cancer burden data for China in GLOBOCAN 2022.Methods:There were a total of 700 registries reporting high-quality data on cancer incidence and mortality across China in 2018,of which 106 registries with continuous monitoring from 2010 to 2018 were used to establish an age-period-cohort model to simulate the trend of cancer incidence and mortality and to estimate the incidence and mortality in China in 2022.In addition,we analyzed the temporal trends of age-standardized cancer incidence and mortality from 2000 to 2018 using data from 22 continuous cancer registries.Results:It was estimated about 4,824,700 new cancer cases and 2,574,200 new cancer deaths occurred in China in 2022.Cancers of the lung,colon-rectum,thyroid,liver and stomach were the top five cancer types,accounting for 57.42%of new cancer cases.Cancers of the lung,liver,stomach,colon-rectum and esophagus were the five leading causes of cancer deaths,accounting for 67.50%of total cancer deaths.The crude rate and age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR)were 341.75 per 100,000 and 201.61 per 100,000,respectively.The crude mortality rate was 182.34 per 100,000 and the age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR)was 96.47 per 100,000.The ASIR of all cancers combined increased by approximately 1.4%per year during 2000–2018,while the ASMR decreased by approximately 1.3%per year.We observed decreasing trends in ASIR and ASMR for cancers of the esophagus,stomach,and liver,whereas the ASIR increased significantly for cancers of the thyroid,prostate,and cervix.Conclusions:Cancer remains a major publ展开更多
This paper reviews the basic principles of radiometric geochronology as implemented in a new software package called Isoplot R, which was designed to be free, flexible and future-proof. Isoplot R is free because it is...This paper reviews the basic principles of radiometric geochronology as implemented in a new software package called Isoplot R, which was designed to be free, flexible and future-proof. Isoplot R is free because it is written in non-proprietary languages(R, Javascript and HTML) and is released under the GPL license. The program is flexible because its graphical user interface(GUI) is separated from the command line functionality, and because its code is completely open for inspection and modification. To increase future-proofness, the software is built on free and platform-independent foundations that adhere to international standards, have existed for several decades, and continue to grow in popularity.Isoplot R currently includes functions for U-Pb, Pb-Pb,40 Ar/39 Ar, Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd, Lu-Hf, Re-Os, U-Th-He,fission track and U-series disequilibrium dating. It implements isochron regression in two and three dimensions, visualises multi-aliquot datasets as cumulative age distributions, kernel density estimates and radial plots, and calculates weighted mean ages using a modified Chauvenet outlier detection criterion that accounts for the analytical uncertainties in heteroscedastic datasets. Overdispersion of geochronological data with respect to these analytical uncertainties can be attributed to either a proportional underestimation of the analytical uncertainties, or to an additive geological scatter term.Isoplot R keeps track of error correlations of the isotopic ratio measurements within aliquots of the same samples. It uses a statistical framework that will allow it to handle error correlations between aliquots in the future. Other ongoing developments include the implementation of alternative user interfaces and the integration of Isoplot R with other data reduction software.展开更多
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC1315305)National Science&Technology Fundamental Re-sources Investigation Program of China(2019FY101100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81974493).
文摘Background:National Cancer Center(NCC)of China annually reports the nationwide statistics for cancer inci-dence and mortality using population-based cancer registry data from all available cancer registries in China.Methods:There were a total of 487 registries which reported high quality data of cancer incidence and mortality across China in 2016.The nationwide numbers of new cancer cases and deaths were estimated using the pooled cancer registry data,which were stratified by area(urban/rural),sex,age group(0,1-4,5-9,10-14…85+)and cancer site for incidence and mortality,and then multiplied by corresponding national population.The world Segi’s population was applied for the calculation of age-standardized rates.Results:About 4,064,000 new cancer cases and 2,413,500 new cancer deaths occurred in China in 2016.Cancers of the lung,colon-rectum,stomach,liver and female breast were the top five common cancers,accounting for 57.4%of total cancer new cases.Cancers of the lung,liver,stomach,colon-rectum and esophagus were the five leading causes of cancer deaths,accounting for 69.3%of total cancer deaths.The crude and age-standardized incidence rates(ASIR)were 293.91 and 186.46 per 100,000 population,respectively.The crude mortality rate was 174.55/100,000 and the age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR)was 105.19/100,000.The ASIR was higher but the ASMR was lower in urban areas than that in rural areas.In past decades,the ASIR was relatively stable in males,but significantly increased by about 2.3%per year in females for overall cancers combined.In contrast,the ASMR significantly decreased by about 1.2%per year for both sexes during 2000-2016.Notably,the cancer-specific ASIR and ASMR of esophageal,stomach,and liver cancers decreased significantly,whereas both rates for cancers of the colon-rectum,prostate,female breast,cervix,and thyroid increased significantly.Conclusions:Cancer remains a major public health problem in China,which demands long-term collaborative efforts of a broad community.With the national guideline
基金supported by the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(grant numbers:2021-I2M-1-010,2021-I2M-1-046,2021-I2M-1-011,2021-I2M-1-023).
文摘Background:The National Cancer Center(NCC)of China regularly reports the nationwide statistics on cancer incidence and mortality in China.The International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC)calculates and publishes the cancer burden of countries around the world every two years.To ensure consistency between the actual surveillance data in China and the data published by IARC,NCC has received approval from the National Health Commission and IARC to simultaneously release the cancer burden data for China in GLOBOCAN 2022.Methods:There were a total of 700 registries reporting high-quality data on cancer incidence and mortality across China in 2018,of which 106 registries with continuous monitoring from 2010 to 2018 were used to establish an age-period-cohort model to simulate the trend of cancer incidence and mortality and to estimate the incidence and mortality in China in 2022.In addition,we analyzed the temporal trends of age-standardized cancer incidence and mortality from 2000 to 2018 using data from 22 continuous cancer registries.Results:It was estimated about 4,824,700 new cancer cases and 2,574,200 new cancer deaths occurred in China in 2022.Cancers of the lung,colon-rectum,thyroid,liver and stomach were the top five cancer types,accounting for 57.42%of new cancer cases.Cancers of the lung,liver,stomach,colon-rectum and esophagus were the five leading causes of cancer deaths,accounting for 67.50%of total cancer deaths.The crude rate and age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR)were 341.75 per 100,000 and 201.61 per 100,000,respectively.The crude mortality rate was 182.34 per 100,000 and the age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR)was 96.47 per 100,000.The ASIR of all cancers combined increased by approximately 1.4%per year during 2000–2018,while the ASMR decreased by approximately 1.3%per year.We observed decreasing trends in ASIR and ASMR for cancers of the esophagus,stomach,and liver,whereas the ASIR increased significantly for cancers of the thyroid,prostate,and cervix.Conclusions:Cancer remains a major publ
文摘This paper reviews the basic principles of radiometric geochronology as implemented in a new software package called Isoplot R, which was designed to be free, flexible and future-proof. Isoplot R is free because it is written in non-proprietary languages(R, Javascript and HTML) and is released under the GPL license. The program is flexible because its graphical user interface(GUI) is separated from the command line functionality, and because its code is completely open for inspection and modification. To increase future-proofness, the software is built on free and platform-independent foundations that adhere to international standards, have existed for several decades, and continue to grow in popularity.Isoplot R currently includes functions for U-Pb, Pb-Pb,40 Ar/39 Ar, Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd, Lu-Hf, Re-Os, U-Th-He,fission track and U-series disequilibrium dating. It implements isochron regression in two and three dimensions, visualises multi-aliquot datasets as cumulative age distributions, kernel density estimates and radial plots, and calculates weighted mean ages using a modified Chauvenet outlier detection criterion that accounts for the analytical uncertainties in heteroscedastic datasets. Overdispersion of geochronological data with respect to these analytical uncertainties can be attributed to either a proportional underestimation of the analytical uncertainties, or to an additive geological scatter term.Isoplot R keeps track of error correlations of the isotopic ratio measurements within aliquots of the same samples. It uses a statistical framework that will allow it to handle error correlations between aliquots in the future. Other ongoing developments include the implementation of alternative user interfaces and the integration of Isoplot R with other data reduction software.
