The new signature of liquid-gas phase transition has been well indicated by the higher-order fluctuations of the largest fragment charge,but the uncertainties of critical temperatures based on this signature have not ...The new signature of liquid-gas phase transition has been well indicated by the higher-order fluctuations of the largest fragment charge,but the uncertainties of critical temperatures based on this signature have not been revealed.This study extracts the critical temperatures of liquid-gas phase transition in nuclear reactions and investigates their uncertainties.Utilizing the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model in conjunction with the statistical model GEMINI enables us to describe the dynamical path from the initial to the final state.An isotope thermometer and a quantum fluctuation thermometer are employed to extract the nuclear temperature.The higher-order fluctuations of the largest fragment charge and critical temperatures are studied in^(124)Sn+^(120)Sn collisions ranging from 400 to 1000 MeV/nucleon and^(124)Sn+AZ collisions at 600 MeV/nucleon.Observations revealed that the pseudo-critical point is robustly indicated by the higher-order fluctuations of the largest fragment charge.The critical temperatures extracted by the isotope thermometer are relatively consistent,with an uncertainty of 15%,while those obtained by the quantum fluctuation thermometer are heavily influenced by the incident energy and mass number of target nuclei.The excitation energy E∗and bound charge Zbound are used for event-sorting.These two ensembles represent the statistical properties of the initial and final states of the system,respectively.The initial-final correlations of statistical properties might lead to two phenomena.First,the size distribution of the largest fragment at the pseudo-critical point based on the Zbound ensemble is wide,while that based on E∗ensemble exhibits bimodality,which is a typical characteristic in the liquid-gas coexistence of a finite system.Second,the temperature at the pseudo-critical point based on the Zbound ensemble is higher than that based on the E∗ensemble.Furthermore,the projectile-like system exhibits a significant dynamical effect in its evolution path from the initia展开更多
基金funded by the National Science and Technology Major Project,China(Nos.2017VI-0002-0072,2019-VI-0020-0135)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51771148,52071263)+4 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province,China(No.2020ZDLGY13-02)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province,China(No.2021JC-13)the Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing(NPU),China(No.2021-QZ-03)the Innovation Foundation for Doctor Dissertation of Northwestern Polytechnical University,China(No.CX2021057)the Science,Technology,and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality,China(No.JCYJ20180306171121424)。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11875328, 12075327)the Key Laboratory of Nuclear Data foundation (JCKY2022201C157)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Sun Yat-sen University (22lgqb39)。
文摘The new signature of liquid-gas phase transition has been well indicated by the higher-order fluctuations of the largest fragment charge,but the uncertainties of critical temperatures based on this signature have not been revealed.This study extracts the critical temperatures of liquid-gas phase transition in nuclear reactions and investigates their uncertainties.Utilizing the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model in conjunction with the statistical model GEMINI enables us to describe the dynamical path from the initial to the final state.An isotope thermometer and a quantum fluctuation thermometer are employed to extract the nuclear temperature.The higher-order fluctuations of the largest fragment charge and critical temperatures are studied in^(124)Sn+^(120)Sn collisions ranging from 400 to 1000 MeV/nucleon and^(124)Sn+AZ collisions at 600 MeV/nucleon.Observations revealed that the pseudo-critical point is robustly indicated by the higher-order fluctuations of the largest fragment charge.The critical temperatures extracted by the isotope thermometer are relatively consistent,with an uncertainty of 15%,while those obtained by the quantum fluctuation thermometer are heavily influenced by the incident energy and mass number of target nuclei.The excitation energy E∗and bound charge Zbound are used for event-sorting.These two ensembles represent the statistical properties of the initial and final states of the system,respectively.The initial-final correlations of statistical properties might lead to two phenomena.First,the size distribution of the largest fragment at the pseudo-critical point based on the Zbound ensemble is wide,while that based on E∗ensemble exhibits bimodality,which is a typical characteristic in the liquid-gas coexistence of a finite system.Second,the temperature at the pseudo-critical point based on the Zbound ensemble is higher than that based on the E∗ensemble.Furthermore,the projectile-like system exhibits a significant dynamical effect in its evolution path from the initia
