旨在探明东北春玉米不同类型杂交种物质生产及氮素利用特征及其与产量的关系。本文以不同类型杂交种代表性品种郑单958(ZD958,Reid×唐四平头模式)和先玉335(XY335,Reid×Lancaster模式)为试验材料,2014年和2015年设置5个氮肥水...旨在探明东北春玉米不同类型杂交种物质生产及氮素利用特征及其与产量的关系。本文以不同类型杂交种代表性品种郑单958(ZD958,Reid×唐四平头模式)和先玉335(XY335,Reid×Lancaster模式)为试验材料,2014年和2015年设置5个氮肥水平[0 kg hm–2(N0)、100 kg hm–2(N1)、200 kg hm–2(N2)、300 kg hm–2(N3)和400 kg hm–2(N4)]和2个种植密度(67 500株hm–2和90 000株hm–2)试验,比较研究了不同类型玉米杂交种干物质与氮素积累、运转及氮素利用的差异规律。结果表明,两年XY335品种的最高籽粒产量均高于ZD958,最优氮肥施用量明显降低4.8%~10.6%;相比ZD958,不施氮处理,两种种植密度下XY335品种干物质积累能力及物质运转效率都明显降低,而施氮条件下XY335品种的干物质积累量、花后干物质量及干物质运转效率均增加,同时增幅随着施氮量增加逐步提高,且在高密度条件下优势更为明显。开花期XY335叶片与茎鞘氮素含量显著高于ZD958(P<0.05),而成熟期由于其较高物质的运转效率表现出明显较低的数值,籽粒氮素含量在高密度下差异较小,而低密度条件下相对ZD958显著提高(P<0.05)。施氮条件下XY335品种花前、花后氮素积累量和氮素积累总量均高于ZD958,其中叶片中氮素的转运对籽粒的贡献率显著较高(P<0.05)。两种种植密度处理最优施氮条件下XY335氮素利用效率和氮素吸收效率均显著高于ZD958(P<0.05),而氮农学利用率和氮肥偏生产力差异不显著。可见,高密度条件下XY335类型品种表现出明显较高的物质积累能力以及花后物质运转对籽粒的贡献率,获得较高的氮素利用效率,表现出明显高氮高效的品种特征,因此生产上建议,东北春玉米区高密度种植条件下该类型品种在较高氮肥施用量时易获得高产高效。展开更多
Breeding high-yielding and nutrient-efficient cultivars is one strategy to simultaneously resolve the problems of food security,resource shortage,and environmental pollution.However,the potential increased yield and r...Breeding high-yielding and nutrient-efficient cultivars is one strategy to simultaneously resolve the problems of food security,resource shortage,and environmental pollution.However,the potential increased yield and reduction in fertilizer input achievable by using high-yielding and nutrient-efficient cultivars is unclear.In the present study,we evaluated the yield and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE) of 40 commercial maize hybrids at five locations in North and Northeast China in 2008 and 2009.The effect of interaction between genotype and nitrogen(N) input on maize yield was significant when the yield reduction under low-N treatment was 25%-60%.Based on the average yields achieved with high or low N application,the tested cultivars were classified into four types based on their NUE:efficient-efficient(EE) were efficient under both low and high N inputs,high-N efficient(HNE) under only high N input,low-N efficient(LNE) under only low N input,and nonefficient-nonefficient under neither low nor high N inputs.Under high N application,EE and HNE cultivars could potentially increase maize yield by 8%-10% and reduce N input by 16%-21%.Under low N application,LNE cultivars could potentially increase maize yield by 12%.We concluded that breeding for N-efficient cultivars is a feasible strategy to increase maize yield and/or reduce N input.展开更多
文摘旨在探明东北春玉米不同类型杂交种物质生产及氮素利用特征及其与产量的关系。本文以不同类型杂交种代表性品种郑单958(ZD958,Reid×唐四平头模式)和先玉335(XY335,Reid×Lancaster模式)为试验材料,2014年和2015年设置5个氮肥水平[0 kg hm–2(N0)、100 kg hm–2(N1)、200 kg hm–2(N2)、300 kg hm–2(N3)和400 kg hm–2(N4)]和2个种植密度(67 500株hm–2和90 000株hm–2)试验,比较研究了不同类型玉米杂交种干物质与氮素积累、运转及氮素利用的差异规律。结果表明,两年XY335品种的最高籽粒产量均高于ZD958,最优氮肥施用量明显降低4.8%~10.6%;相比ZD958,不施氮处理,两种种植密度下XY335品种干物质积累能力及物质运转效率都明显降低,而施氮条件下XY335品种的干物质积累量、花后干物质量及干物质运转效率均增加,同时增幅随着施氮量增加逐步提高,且在高密度条件下优势更为明显。开花期XY335叶片与茎鞘氮素含量显著高于ZD958(P<0.05),而成熟期由于其较高物质的运转效率表现出明显较低的数值,籽粒氮素含量在高密度下差异较小,而低密度条件下相对ZD958显著提高(P<0.05)。施氮条件下XY335品种花前、花后氮素积累量和氮素积累总量均高于ZD958,其中叶片中氮素的转运对籽粒的贡献率显著较高(P<0.05)。两种种植密度处理最优施氮条件下XY335氮素利用效率和氮素吸收效率均显著高于ZD958(P<0.05),而氮农学利用率和氮肥偏生产力差异不显著。可见,高密度条件下XY335类型品种表现出明显较高的物质积累能力以及花后物质运转对籽粒的贡献率,获得较高的氮素利用效率,表现出明显高氮高效的品种特征,因此生产上建议,东北春玉米区高密度种植条件下该类型品种在较高氮肥施用量时易获得高产高效。
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2011CB100305,2009CB11860)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31121062,31172015)the Special Fund for Agriculture Profession (201103003)
文摘Breeding high-yielding and nutrient-efficient cultivars is one strategy to simultaneously resolve the problems of food security,resource shortage,and environmental pollution.However,the potential increased yield and reduction in fertilizer input achievable by using high-yielding and nutrient-efficient cultivars is unclear.In the present study,we evaluated the yield and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE) of 40 commercial maize hybrids at five locations in North and Northeast China in 2008 and 2009.The effect of interaction between genotype and nitrogen(N) input on maize yield was significant when the yield reduction under low-N treatment was 25%-60%.Based on the average yields achieved with high or low N application,the tested cultivars were classified into four types based on their NUE:efficient-efficient(EE) were efficient under both low and high N inputs,high-N efficient(HNE) under only high N input,low-N efficient(LNE) under only low N input,and nonefficient-nonefficient under neither low nor high N inputs.Under high N application,EE and HNE cultivars could potentially increase maize yield by 8%-10% and reduce N input by 16%-21%.Under low N application,LNE cultivars could potentially increase maize yield by 12%.We concluded that breeding for N-efficient cultivars is a feasible strategy to increase maize yield and/or reduce N input.
