摘要
捕食胁迫(胁迫时长和胁迫强度)影响鱼类的运动能力,遭遇捕食者时猎物鱼的逃逸策略不尽相同。为考察鱼类运动能力对捕食胁迫的响应,本实验选取乌鳢(Channa argus)和南方大口鲶(Silurus meridionalis)为捕食者,青鱼(Mylopharyngodon piceus)、草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)、鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)、鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)四大家鱼幼鱼为猎物鱼。猎物鱼分别在无捕食(对照)、低捕食(隔网胁迫)和高捕食(直接胁迫)压力下接受捕食胁迫,胁迫时长分0、7和14 d三个水平,随后对比四大家鱼种间运动能力的差异,并考察四大家鱼幼鱼的稳定和非稳定游泳能力在不同捕食胁迫水平(胁迫时长和胁迫强度)下的适应性改变。结果表明:四大家鱼的稳定游泳和非稳定游泳能力之间存在权衡,应对捕食胁迫时以增强快速启动游泳能力为主,临界游泳速度有下降趋势;四大家鱼均表现为“C”型快速启动游泳模式,在快速启动过程中身体旋转主要在第1阶段完成,速度性能在第2阶段达到最大;在捕食压力下,四大家鱼的逃逸策略存在种间差异;青鱼和草鱼以缩短反应时滞为主要逃逸策略,随着捕食强度增加,反应时滞下降幅度增大;鲢在低捕食胁迫水平下即表现出显著的缩短反应时滞和增大逃逸角度,高捕食胁迫水平下增加表现为增大逃逸速度;鳙在受到捕食胁迫后以提高逃逸速度为主要应对策略,反应时滞有降低趋势,但响应不显著。
Predation stress(both duration and intensity of the stress) affects locomotor ability of fish. The escape strategies of prey fish are different when encountering predators. We investigated the responses of locomotor ability of the juvenile black carp(Mylopharyngodon piceus), grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus), silver carp(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead carp(Aristichthys nobilis)(four major Chinese carps) to predation stress from snakehead fish(Channa Argus) and Southern catfish(Silurus meridionalis). The prey fish were subjected to predation stress under no-predation(control), low-predation(net-separated stress, i.e. indirect stress) and high-predation(direct stress), with three duration levels of 0, 7, and 14 d. The differences of locomotor ability among the four Chinese carps were compared, and the adaptability of steady and unsteady swimming ability under different levels of predation stress was investigated. The results showed that there was a trade-off between steady swimming and unsteady swimming for the four Chinese carps. In response to the predation stress, the fast-start swimming performance was mainly enhanced, whereas the critical swimming performance tended to decrease. The four Chinese carps all showed the C-type fast-start swimming pattern, with body rotation was mainly completed in stage 1 and the speed performance was maximized in stage 2 during the fast-start process. Under the predation pressure, there were interspecific differences in the escape strategies of the four Chinese carps. The main escape strategy of black carp and grass carp was to shorten the response latency, which showed stronger reduction with increasing predation intensity. Silver carp showed a significant reduction in response latency and an increase in escape angle under low predation stress, and an increase in escape velocity under high predation stress. Bighead carp adopted increasing escape velocity as the main response strategy after predation stress, and the response latency tended to decrease, but the respon
作者
龙珍满
朱峰跃
段辛斌
郭杰
俞立雄
郑永华
唐洪玉
LONG Zhen-man;ZHU Feng-yue;DUAN Xin-bin;GUO Jie;YU Li-xiong;ZHENG Yong-hua;TANG Hong-yu(College of Fisheries,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuhan 430223,China;Wuxi Fisheries College,Nanjing Agricultural University,Wuxi 214081,Jiangsu,China)
出处
《生态学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第2期342-351,共10页
Chinese Journal of Ecology
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0900902)
中国水产科学研究院创新团队项目(2020TD09)
中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费(2021CG02)资助。
关键词
捕食胁迫
临界游泳
快速启动
四大家鱼
predation stress
critical swimming
fast-start
four major Chinese carps
