摘要
微塑料(microplastics,MPs)被发现广泛存在于海洋、陆地以及大气等生态系统中。城市污水中的大量微塑料被污水处理厂截留在活性污泥中,但仍有不计其数的微塑料颗粒“逃脱”污水处理厂,排放到自然环境中。与此同时,污水处理过程中绝大部分微塑料会转移到污泥中,伴随着活性污泥的利用过程进入土壤环境,形成微塑料的二次污染。文中基于对国内外文献的调研,对环境中微塑料的来源、分布及危害进行了概述,对活性污泥工艺过程中微塑料的处理情况以及活性污泥中残留微塑料的处理方式进行了梳理;展望了生物技术及合成生物学在活性污泥核心菌群遗传改造,赋予核心菌群微塑料降解能力方面的应用;以期为优化污水处理厂MP的降解提供参考。
Microplastics(MPs)have been detected in many ecosystems,such as the ocean,land and the atmosphere.A large number of MPs in urban sewage are trapped in the activated sludge by sewage treatment plants,but tens of thousands of MPs‘escape’the treatment and are discharged into the nature.Meanwhile,most of the MPs are transferred into the activated sludge during sewage treatment,and the sludge will be further used in agriculture,leading to secondary pollution of the MPs.Through literature research,we summarized the sources,distribution and hazards of MPs in the environment,the treatment of MPs with activated sludge,and the treatment methods of residual MPs in activated sludge,and summed up the potentials of biotechnology and synthetic biology in the genetic modification of key bacteria in activated sludge to endow them with MPs-degrading ability.The conclusion is expected to serve as a reference for optimizing the biodegradation of MPs in wastewater treatment plants.
作者
吴世磊
徐安明
周杰
信丰学
余子夷
董维亮
姜岷
WU Shilei;XU Anming;ZHOU Jie;XIN Fengxue;YU Ziyi;DONG Weiliang;JIANG Min(College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering,Nanjing Tech University,Nanjing 211816,Jiangsu,China;State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering,Nanjing Tech University,Nanjing 211816,Jiangsu,China)
出处
《生物工程学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第7期2410-2422,共13页
Chinese Journal of Biotechnology
基金
国家重点研发计划(2019YFA0905500)
国家自然科学基金(31961133017)
中国博士后基金(2021M701686)。
关键词
塑料
微塑料
污水处理
活性污泥
塑料降解酶
plastic
microplastic
wastewater treatment
activated sludge
plastic-degrading enzyme
