摘要
【目的】研究生物炭对盐胁迫下设施黄瓜生长和生理特性的影响。【方法】以设施黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)专用品种‘翠龙’为试验材料,开展温室盆栽试验,设非盐胁迫和盐胁迫下栽培基质(草炭∶蛭石=2∶1)中添加0%(B0,w/w)、3%(B3)和5%(B5)的花生壳炭共6个处理,调查黄瓜的生长、产量、品质、叶片抗氧化酶活性以及矿质元素含量等指标。【结果】生物炭施用可明显提高黄瓜的耐盐性,在NaCl胁迫下,B5处理黄瓜的株高、最大单叶叶面积、产量和抗坏血酸含量均显著高于不施生物炭处理,且B3和B5处理的黄瓜果实硝酸盐含量在非盐胁迫和盐胁迫下均显著低于对照。盐胁迫下,春、秋两季栽培试验中B5处理黄瓜产量分别为对照处理的2.97倍和2.57倍。生物炭处理使黄瓜叶片抗氧化酶活性在盐胁迫下维持较高水平,特别是B5处理黄瓜植株叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性与对照相比显著增加而丙二醛(MDA)含量与对照相比显著降低。盐胁迫下,生物炭处理黄瓜顶部叶片中氮和钾的含量与对照相比显著升高,磷、钠、钙和镁的含量与对照相比显著降低;而在底部叶片中除钠含量显著高于对照外,其他元素的含量在不同生物炭施用量间存在差异。【结论】基质中添加适量的生物炭促进盐胁迫下黄瓜生长,增强抗氧化酶活性,促进氮和钾在顶部叶片的累积,减少钠的累积,缓解盐胁迫对黄瓜的伤害,且以添加5%生物炭处理效果较好。
[Objective] The aim of this study was to explore the effects of biochar application on the growth and physiological characteristics of cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.) under salt stress. [Method] Pot experiments were conducted using the greenhouse cultivar ‘Cuilong’. Peanut shell biochar with mass ratios of 0%(B0), 3%(B3) and 5%(B5) was added to the cultivation substrate(peat∶vermiculite = 2∶1) with or without 150 mmol L-1 NaCl,respectively. The cucumber growth, yield, fruit quality, antioxidant enzyme activity and leaf mineral nutrient content were investigated. [Result] Results showed that biochar application could significantly improve the salt tolerance of cucumber. Under NaCl stress, the plant height, maximum single leaf area, yield and ascorbic acid content of cucumber treated with B5 were significantly higher than those without biochar treatment, and the nitrate content of cucumber fruit treated with B3 and B5 was significantly lower than that of the control under both non-salt stressed and salt stressed treatments. The cucumber yields of B5 treatment in the spring and autumn cultivation experiments were 2.97times and 2.57 times than those of the control treatment under salt stress, respectively. Higher levels of antioxidant enzyme activity were observed in biochar-treated cucumber leaves under salt stress. The activities of SOD and POD in cucumber leaves of B5 treatment were significantly higher compared with those in the control, while the content of MDA was significantly lower. Under salt stress, the contents of N and K+ in the top leaves of biochar-treated cucumber were significantly higher compared with those in the control, while the contents of P, Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ were significantly lower. In the bottom leaves, the change of the nutrient elements content was related to the biochar application rates, except for the Na+ content which was significantly higher in the bottom leaves than that of the control. [Conclusion] Appropriate biochar application to the substrate can alleviate the salt stress
作者
张功臣
秦玉红
王波
展恩军
李磊
张守才
ZHANG Gong-chen;QIN Yu-hong;WANG Bo;ZHAN En-jun;LI Lei;ZHANG Shou-cai(Qingdao academy of Agriculural Sciences,Qingdao 266100,China)
出处
《土壤通报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第4期931-938,共8页
Chinese Journal of Soil Science
基金
青岛市科技惠民示范引导专项(21-1-4-ny-15-nsh)
财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-23-G10)资助。
关键词
生物炭
黄瓜
盐胁迫
抗氧化酶活性
矿质营养元素
Biochar
Cucumber
Salt stress
Antioxidant enzyme activity
Mineral nutrient element
