摘要
【目的】综合评价宜机械粒收春玉米新品种的产量潜力及机械粒收质量,为土默川平原灌区宜机械粒收春玉米新品种推广提供理论依据。【方法】选择11个春玉米新品种,采用大区种植,种植密度为10.5万株/hm^(2),从生育期、植株性状、穗部性状、粒收时籽粒含水量、籽粒产量、机械粒收质量等方面进行评价,采用双向平均值作图法筛选春玉米新品种。【结果】春玉米的植株性状、穗部性状、粒收时籽粒含水量、籽粒产量和机械粒收质量指标在品种间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。春玉米新品种生育期平均值为130 d左右,均属于中晚熟品种,生理成熟后可进行站秆脱水;11个春玉米新品种粒收时籽粒含水量的平均值为23.1%;春玉米新品种的平均产量为14.28 t/hm^(2),联创825产量最高,达到16.75 t/hm^(2);春玉米新品种机械粒收时,籽粒破损率均小于5%、杂质率均低于3%、产量损失率均低于5%;采用双向平均值作图法筛选出新玉108、联创825和强盛388,具有生育期短、株高穗位偏低、果穗结实性好、脱水快、机械粒收质量高、籽粒产量潜力大等特点。【结论】新玉108、联创825和强盛388在密植全程机械化栽培下,实现了高产和高质量机械粒收,是较好的耐密、高产、宜机械粒收玉米新品种,适宜在土默川平原灌区作为玉米机械粒收品种推广。
【Objective】 The yield potential and mechanical grain harvesting quality of new spring maize varieties suitable for mechanical grain harvesting were comprehensively evaluated to provide theoretical basis for popularizing the new spring maize varieties suitable for mechanical grain harvesting in Tumochuan Plain irrigation area.【Methods】 A total of 11 new spring maize varieties were selected,and the planting density was 105 000 plants/hm^(2). The new spring maize varieties were evaluated from the aspects of growth period,plant traits,spike traits,grain water content at grain harvest,grain yield and mechanical grain harvesting quality,etc.,and were screened by bidirectional average plotting method.【Results】 There were significant differences in plant traits,spike traits,grain water content at grain harvest,grain yield and mechanical grain harvesting quality among the tested spring maize varieties(P<0.05). The average growth period of the new spring maize varieties was about 130 days,all of them belonged to middle and late maturity varieties,and could be dehydrated by standing stalk after physiological maturity. The average grain water content of the 11 new spring maize varieties was 23.1% at grain harvest. The average yield of the new spring maize varieties was 14.28 t/hm^(2),and the yield of Lianchuang 825 was the highest,reaching 16.75 t/hm^(2). When the grains were mechanically harvested,the breakage rate,impurity rate and yield loss rate of the new spring maize varieties were less than 5%,3% and 5%,respectively. Xinyu108,Lianchuang 825 and Qiangsheng 388 were selected by bidirectional average plotting method. These selected spring maize varieties had the characteristics of short growth period,low plant height and spike position,good grain setting,fast dehydration,high mechanical grain harvesting quality and great grain yield potential,etc..【Conclusion】 Xinyu 108,Lianchuang 825 and Qiangsheng 388 achieved high yield and high mechanical grain harvesting quality under the whole mechanized cultivation
作者
王富贵
于晓芳
高聚林
王利青
王志刚
包海柱
胡树平
孙继颖
苏治军
WANG Fugui;YU Xiaofang;GAO Julin;WANG Liqing;WANG Zhigang;BAO Haizhu;HU Shuping;SUN Jiying;SU Zhijun(College of Vocational and Technical,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Salaqi 014109,China;College of Agriculture,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010019,China)
出处
《北方农业学报》
2021年第4期13-19,共7页
Journal of Northern Agriculture
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0100206)
国家玉米产业技术体系项目(CARS-02-63)
农业农村部华北黄土高原地区作物栽培科学观测实验站项目(25204120)
内蒙古自治区作物栽培与遗传改良重点实验室项目
内蒙古自治区高等学校科学研究项目(NJZY21521)。
关键词
春玉米
机械粒收
评价
筛选
土默川平原灌区
Spring maize
Mechanical grain harvesting
Evaluation
Screening
Tumochuan Plain irrigation area
