摘要
[目的]本研究针对不同生产模式茶园,探究并建立具备地区特色的有机肥替代化肥技术模式,为茶园化肥减施提供理论依据。[方法]于2017年10月在江苏句容、江苏溧阳、福建福安、四川蒲江、云南大渡岗5个不同生产模式典型茶园设置不同有机肥替代化肥田间试验,包括不施肥对照(CK)、常规施肥处理(CF)、生物有机肥替代处理(T1)、商品有机肥替代配施木醋液+氨基酸类叶面肥处理(T2)和商品有机肥替代配施氨基酸类叶面肥处理(T3),分析不同处理对茶青产量、化学氮肥利用率、茶叶品质及经济效益的影响。[结果]生物有机肥替代、商品有机肥替代配施木醋液+氨基酸类叶面肥及商品有机肥替代配施氨基酸类叶面肥可以在保证产量和品质的基础上减少36%的氮素化肥投入,但不同生产模式茶园的最佳有机肥替代化肥处理略有差异。在以制作名优绿茶为主的句容试验茶园进行商品有机肥替代并配施氨基酸类叶面肥效果最佳,平均产量可达140 kg·hm^-2,增产13%,氮肥偏生产力提高73%,经济效益提高5%;在叶色白化突变品种的溧阳试验茶园进行生物有机肥替代效果最佳,平均产量可达501 kg·hm^-2,增产9%;在以机采为主的福安和大渡岗的试验茶园进行商品有机肥替代并配施木醋液+氨基酸类叶面肥效果最优,平均产量分别可达6326和10294 kg·hm^-2,分别显著增产24%和12%,并使氮肥偏生产力分别提高96%和68%,经济效益分别提高23%和3%;在以手工采摘与机采相结合的蒲江试验茶园施加有机肥能够在减施化肥的前提下保持和单施化肥相同的产量。[结论]在以制作绿茶为主的茶园进行有机肥替代并配施氨基酸类叶面肥可显著提高产量,其经济效益最高可提升23%,且在机采茶园进行有机肥替代并配施木醋液+氨基酸类叶面肥要优于仅配施氨基酸类叶面肥。在叶片白化突变品种茶园,推荐施加生物有�
[Objectives]This research aimed to explore and form a technical model of organic fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers with regional characteristics at different production models of tea gardens,and provide a theoretical basis for the reduction of chemical fertilizers in tea gardens.[Methods]In October 2017,five typical tea gardens with different production models in Jurong,Liyang,Fu’an,Pujiang,and Dadugang,were arranged in a field experiment with different organic fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers,including no fertilizer control(CK),conventional fertilization treatment(CF),bio-organic fertilizer substitution treatment(T1),commercial organic fertilizer substitution treatment with wood vinegar solution+amino acid foliar fertilizer treatment(T2)and commercial organic fertilizer substitution treatment with amino acid foliar fertilizer treatment(T3).By analyzing the effects of different organic fertilizer substitution modes on tea yield,chemical nitrogen fertilizer utilization,tea quality and economic benefits,we could explore suitable organic fertilizer substitution modes for tea gardens with different production modes.[Results]The substitution of bio-organic fertilizers,the alternative application of commercial organic fertilizers combined with wood vinegar liquid+amino acid foliar fertilizers and the alternative application of commercial organic fertilizers combined with amino acid foliar fertilizers could reduce nitrogen by 36%while ensuring yield and quality fertilizer input.However,different production modes and the best organic fertilizer substitution modes for typical tea gardens were slightly different.In tea gardens(Jurong experimental tea garden)where famous and high-quality green tea were made,the effect of applying commercial organic fertilizers instead of spraying amino acid foliar fertilizers was the best,with an average yield of 140 kg·hm^-2,an increase of 13%,nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity increased by 73%,and economic benefit increased by 5%;in the leaf color albino muta
作者
张峻伟
王志文
季凌飞
郭俊杰
凌宁
郭世伟
ZHANG Junwei;WANG Zhiwen;JI Lingfei;GUO Junjie;LING Ning;GUO Shiwei(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Solid Organic Waste Utilization,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)
出处
《南京农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第1期127-135,共9页
Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200900)。
关键词
茶树
化肥
有机肥
经济效益
产量
Camellia sinensis L.
chemical fertilizer
organic fertilizer
economic benefit
yield
