摘要
选择既能修复镉污染菜地又能不破坏土壤结构和肥力,还能产生经济效益的植物,是当前土壤污染植物修复的重点工作。以两种不同甘蓝型油菜“苏油一号”和“绵新油68”作为供试植物,选取镉污染场地进行现场替代种植实验。结果表明:①两种油菜种植2个月,试验场地土壤镉含量从0.76~1.36 mg/kg下降到0.15~0.48 mg/kg。种植4个月,土壤镉含量下降至0.17~0.34 mg/kg,若不考虑获取油菜籽的经济价值,在油菜花期就可以收割,修复期可以缩短到3个月。②油菜镉含量茎>根>油菜籽,油菜地上部分镉含量为0.32~0.59 mg/kg,地下部分镉含量为0.19~0.42 mg/kg,菜籽镉含量为0.06~0.25 mg/kg。③两种油菜的富集系数和转运系数都大于1,独立样本T检验表明,两种甘蓝型油菜在富集镉的能力和转运镉的能力上没有显著的差异性,菜籽存在镉富集且存在显著差异,这与菜籽果实品质有明显关系,籽粒饱满度较好,吸收镉的机会比较大。④两种甘蓝型油菜具有能满足镉污染菜地修复的生物量,茎叶长度平均可达1~1.5 m,根系长度达到15~22 cm,根系的地面覆盖率达到28%~62%。油菜植株的间距和根系覆盖率呈显著负相关(R 2=0.9843),20 cm为油菜最佳种植间距,既能满足根系的覆盖率(大于50%),也可以满足最大生物量的要求。研究结论为甘蓝型油菜修复镉污染菜地提供依据。
At present,the key task of phytoremediation of soil pollution is to select plants that can not only repair cadmium-contaminated vegetable plots but also not destroy soil structure and fertility,and produce economic benefits.Two different types of Brassica napus“Suyou No.1”and“Mianxin Oil 68”were used as test plants,and cadmium-contaminated sites were selected for planting experiments.The results show these as follows.①The cadmium of the test site decreased from 0.76~1.36 mg/kg to 0.15~0.48 mg/kg after 2 mouths.After 4 months of planting,the cadmium content decreased to 0.17~0.34 mg/kg.It can be harvested during the rapeseed period,and the repair period can be shortened to 3 months.②The cadmium of plant in the aerial part of rapeseed is 0.32~0.59 mg/kg,the cadmium in the underground part is 0.19~0.42 mg/kg,the cadmium in rapeseed is 0.06~0.25 mg/kg.The cadmium content in rape of rapeseed is tessthan that of root,the cadmium content in rape of root is lessthan that of stem.③The enrichment factor and transport coefficient of both rapeseed are greater than 1,which has better repair ability.The independent sample T test show that there is no significant difference in the ability of two Brassica napus L.to accumulate cadmium and the ability to transport cadmium.There is cadmium enrichment in rapeseed,and there is significant differences in cadmium content.Obviously,the grain is full and the chance of absorbing cadmium is relatively large.④Two kinds of Brassica napus L.have the biomass that can meet the repair of cadmium-contaminated vegetable fields.And there is a significant negative correlation between the spacing of rapeseed plants and root coverage(R 2=0.9843),and 20 cm is the optimal planting distance of rapeseed,which can satisfied the root coverage(>50%)and the maximum biomass.The above conclusions provide a basis for the restoration of cadmium-contaminated vegetable fields by Brassica napus L.
作者
王聪
王筱雯
王文琦
WANG Cong;WANG Xiao-wen;WANG Wen-qi(Zhongnan Safety and Environmental Technology Research Institute Co.,LTD,Wuhan 430071,China)
出处
《科学技术与工程》
北大核心
2020年第13期5416-5421,共6页
Science Technology and Engineering
关键词
镉污染菜地
油菜
修复
富集指数
cadmium-contaminated vegetable fields
rapeseed
restoration
enrichment index
