摘要
苹果是我国落叶果树的第一大树种,在助力健康中国和服务乡村振兴中发挥了举足轻重的作用,以‘红富士’为主的品种结构使我国成为世界上最大的苹果生产国。根据‘红富士’苹果品种特性及其近几年芽变选种和芽变机理的研究结果,结合我国经济社会发展水平、消费习惯和市场需求,经综合分析研究,认为‘红富士’在我国苹果产业独占鳌头(占比约70%)有3个原因:一是通过持续多代的芽变选种,‘红富士’的生长结果习性、果实着色及风味品质等性状得到有效改良,推动了我国苹果产业的高速发展;二是‘红富士’的红色和短枝芽变属表观遗传,其晚熟和耐贮这2个性状始终没有改变;三是以优质、晚熟、耐贮‘红富士’苹果品种为主的品种结构是保障我国鲜食苹果消费市场周年供应最经济有效的技术途径。‘红富士’在我国苹果产业独占鳌头是我国苹果人创造的中国特色。
Apple is the first tree species of deciduous fruit trees in China,which plays an important role in helping healthy and serving rural revitalization.The variety structure of the main varieties of‘Red Fuji’makes China the largest apple producer in the world.According to the characteristics of‘Red Fuji’apple varieties and the research results of sports selection and sports mechanism in recent years,combined with China’s economic and social development level,consumption habits and market demand,through comprehensive analysis and research,it is believed that‘Red Fuji’is the leading apple variety in China(Accounting for 70%),which has three causes.First,through continuous generations of sports selection,the growth and bearing habit,coloring traits,and flavor quality of‘Red Fuji’have been effectively improved,which has promoted the rapid development of China’s apple industry;Second,the apparent genetic mechanism of sports selection,the characters of late maturity and storage tolerance remained unchanged;Third,the most economical and effective technical way to guarantee the annual supply of fresh apple in China is the variety structure of‘Red Fuji’apple,which is high quality,late maturing and storable.Therefore,it is the Chinese characteristics created by Chinese people that‘Red Fuji’dominates the Chinese apple industry.
作者
陈学森
毛志泉
王志刚
王楠
张宗营
姜生辉
姜召涛
徐月华
东明学
李建明
隋秀奇
CHEN Xuesen;MAO Zhiquan;WANG Zhigang;WANG Nan;ZHANG Zongying;JIANG Shenghui;JIANG Zhaotao;XU Yuehua;DONG Mingxue;LI Jianming;SUI Xiuqi(College of Horticulture Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology,Taian 271018;Shandong Fruit-Tea Technology Promotion Station;Fruit and Tea Work Station of Yantai;Fruit Tree Work Station of Penglai;Agricultural Bureau of Yiyuan;Fruit Tree Research Institute of Jingning,Gansu;Yantai Modern Fruit Industry Research Institute)
出处
《中国果树》
北大核心
2020年第3期1-5,I0003,共6页
China Fruits
基金
国家自然科学基金重点项目(31730080)
山东省泰山学者攀登计划项目(tspd20161005)。
关键词
苹果
‘红富士’
独占鳌头
芽变选种
芽变机理
市场需求
apple
‘Red Fuji’
the leading apple variety
sports selection
sports mechanism
market demand
