摘要
1994年德国通过修宪,在其《基本法》中增加了第20a条,将环境保护规定为与“共和”、“民主”、“法治”等并列的“国家目标条款”。德国《基本法》坚持了人本主义立场,并吸纳了“生态中心主义”的观念,以“国家目标”的规范类型对环保做了原则性强化。德国《基本法》虽然并未接受“环境基本权”模式,但“国家目标”模式仍然补强了现代国家的正当性基础,课予国家持续地推进环保的客观法义务,拓展了“风险预防”等国家任务。通过宪法委托、裁量基准、法律解释、基本权利限制、国家权力配置等整合手段,德国在整个法律体系中落实了环境保护的规范实效。德国环保入宪的相关学理,对我国2018年修宪后“环境宪法”的学理建构有明显的启发意义。在我国宪法现有条款下,宪法学与环境法学的协力可以为我国环境保护的落实提供充分的规范支持。
In 1994, Article 20a was added in the Basic Law of Germany through amending the Constitution, which stipulates environmental protection as a "national goal" paralleling the republic, democracy and rule of law. The Basic Law of Germany adheres to humanistic standpoint, absorbes the concept of "ecocentrism" and strengthen the principle of environmental protection in a norm featuring national goal. Although the model of "basic environmental rights" has not been adopted, the model of "national goal" still strengthens the legitimacy of modern countries, imposing obligation of the objective law to consistently promote environmental protection and expanding the national tasks such as "risk prevention". By integrating means such as constitutional entrustment, discretion benchmark, legal interpretation, restriction of basic rights and allocation of state power, Germany has achieved the actual effect of rules on environmental protection in the entire legal system. The relevant theories of incorporating environmental protection into the Constitution in Germany are obviously enlightening to the theoretical construction of "environmental constitution" in China after the Constitution was amended in 2018. Under the current provisions of the Constitution of China, the cooperation between the science of Constitution and the science of environmental protection law can provide sufficient normative support for the implementation of environmental protection in China.
作者
张翔
段沁
Zhang Xiang;Duan Qin
出处
《政治与法律》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第10期2-16,共15页
Political Science and Law
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“我国国家权力配置的功能主义原理研究”(项目编号:19BFX041)的阶段性成果
关键词
国家目标
环境权
人本主义
基本国策
环境宪法
National goal
Environmental Right
Humanism
Basic National Policy
Environmental Constitution
