摘要
提高整个田块作物生长指标和产量的均匀性是实施变量灌溉水分管理的目标之一。该研究基于土壤可利用水量(available water holding capacity,AWC)将试验区划分为4个水分管理区,利用相同的灌水控制指标(0.45AWC)进行分区变量灌溉水分管理;作为对照,基于最小AWC区的土壤水分进行均一灌溉水分管理。对比变量灌溉和均一灌溉条件下冬小麦、夏玉米生长指标(株高、叶面积指数、地上部分干物质质量)、叶片相对叶绿素含量、产量及其均匀性,分析AWC对作物生长和产量的影响。结果表明,与均一灌溉相比,夏玉米变量灌溉节水14.1%,冬小麦灌水量相同。与均一灌溉相比,变量灌溉对冬小麦、夏玉米生长指标、叶片相对叶绿素含量和产量的影响均未达到显著水平,而不同AWC管理区之间作物生长指标和产量的差异均达到了显著水平。为获得更高的作物产量,建议不同AWC管理区内采用不同的灌水控制指标。研究可为大型喷灌机变量灌溉水分管理决策提供依据。
Improving the uniformity of crop growth parameters and yield across the field is one of the objectives in utilizing the variable rate irrigation（VRI） technology. To improve the water management level of VRI, the crop growth parameters, including plant height, leaf area index（LAI）, aboveground dry matter, leave relative chlorophyll content（SPAD）, yield, and their spatial uniformity were compared between VRI and uniform rate irrigation（URI） managements, and the influences of soil available water holding capacity（AWC） on crop growth parameters and yield were also analyzed. This study was conducted at the experimental station of China Agricultural University in Zhuozhou, Hebei Province（39.45°N and 115.85°E） in 2014. This site belongs to the Taihang mountain alluvial flood plain and experiences a warm and semi-humid monsoon climate with an annual mean temperature of 11.6°C and an annual mean precipitation of 563.3 mm. One quadrant of the center-pivot controlled area（1.64 hm^2） was used in the experiment. The main soil types were loam and sandy loam, and both the coefficients of variation for sand and clay percentiles increased with depth in the site. During the growing seasons of winter wheat and summer maize, the seasonal rainfall for winter wheat（61.2 mm） was substantially lower than the long-term average, while it（311.6 mm） was ample for summer maize. According to the relationships between field capacity, wilting point, and clay, silt, and sand percentiles measured from the upper 0.6 m of the profile, the experimental area was delineated into 4 management zones with AWC varying from 152.2 mm to 161.4 mm for zone 1, from 161.4 mm to 170.9 mm for zone 2, from 170.9 mm to 185.1 mm for zone 3, and from 185.1 to 204.7 mm for zone 4. Each zone was then equally divided into 2 sub-zones to represent the VRI and URI treatments. Each VRI treatment was individually managed with an equal irrigation trigger point of 0.45 AWC. For the URI treatments, irrigation was triggered when soil water
作者
赵伟霞
李久生
杨汝苗
栗岩峰
Zhao Weixia Li .liusheng Yang Rumiao Li Yanfeng(State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, China)
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第2期1-7,共7页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51309251)
中国水科院科研专项(2016TS05)
关键词
土壤
灌溉
作物
土壤可利用水量
管理分区
冬小麦
夏玉米
均匀性
soils
irrigation
crops
soil available water holding capacity
management zone
winter wheat
summer maize
uniformity
