摘要
为了确定冬油菜较优的施肥深度,通过2 a桶栽试验,设置5个施肥深度：地表施肥和地下5、10、15、20 cm施肥,分别记为CK、D_5、D_（10）、D_（15）和D_（20）,并另设不施肥处理（F0）,研究不同施肥深度处理对冬油菜地上部干物质量、不同土层的主根干质量和侧根干质量、侧根长、侧根体积和侧根表面积及冬油菜地上部植株的养分吸收情况和籽粒产量的影响。结果表明,D_（15）处理在冬油菜花期能显著增加5~20 cm和20 cm以下土层的主根干质量以及主根总干质量,而0~5 cm土层的主根干质量与CK和D_5处理相比降低幅度不大;D_（15）处理在冬油菜苗期和花期10~20 cm土层的侧根干质量、侧根长、侧根体积和侧根表面积均为最大,且均显著大于CK和D_5处理。在冬油菜花期和收获时D_（15）处理的地上部干物质量及地上部植株的氮、磷、钾吸收量最大,且D_（15）处理的油菜籽粒产量及籽粒中的氮、磷、钾吸收量最大,并显著大于CK、D_5和D_（10）处理;收获时,2 a D_（15）处理地上部植株中的氮、磷、钾的平均吸收量与CK相比分别增加48.07%、52.18%和62.96%,与D_5相比分别增加25.75%、30.19%和33.41%,与D_（10）相比分别增加10.59%、15.33%和17.06%。D_（15）处理2 a的平均产量与CK、D_5和D_（10）处理相比,分别提高85.10%、45.47%和31.26%;与D_（20）处理相比提高了3.89%。综合考虑不同施肥处理冬油菜的根系分布、养分吸收量和籽粒产量,地表下15 cm（D_（15）处理）为冬油菜较优的施肥深度。
In order to determine an optimal fertilization depth for winter oilseed rape（ Brassica napus L.）,barrel experiment was conducted in 2013—2014 and 2014—2015 with six treatments,including no fertilizer（ F0）,and fertilization depths of 0 cm（ CK）,5 cm（ D_5）,10 cm（ D_（10））,15 cm（ D_（15）） and20 cm（ D_（20））. The effects of different fertilization depths on above-ground dry weight of taproot and lateral root,and the length,volume,area of lateral root,nutrient uptake and yield of winter oilseed rape were systematically analyzed and compared. The results showed that D_（15） treatment significantly increased the taproot dry weight in 5 ~ 20 cm and deeper than 20 cm soil depths,while the reduction of taproot dry weight in 0 ~ 5 cm soil depth was not great compared with CK and D_5,thus the total taproot dry weight was significantly increased. The maximum lateral root dry weight,length,volume and area in the 10 ~ 20 cm soil layer at both seedling stage and flowering stage were found in D_（15） treatment,which were also significantly higher than those in CK and D_5. Above-ground dry matter and shoot nutrient uptake in D_（15） were the highest at both flowering and harvest stages of all the treatments,and D_（15） treatment achieved thegreatest rapeseed yield and the most N,P,K uptakes in the seed at harvest,while the above-ground dry matter,shoot nutrient uptake,rapeseed yield in CK and D_5 were significantly lower than those in D_（15） treatment. Compared with CK,the N,P,K uptakes of shoot at harvest in D_（15） treatment across the two growing seasons were increased by 48. 07%,52. 18%,62. 96% and 25. 75%,30. 19%,33. 41% in comparison with D_5 treatment,respectively. In two growing seasons,the yield in D_（15） treatment was85. 10%,45. 47% and 31. 26% higher than those in CK,D_5 and D_（10）,respectively. Considering the root distribution,nutrient uptake and yield of winter oilseed rape among all the treatments,fertilization depth of 15 cm（ D_（15）） could b
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第6期120-128,206,共10页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503105
201503125)
国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2011AA100504)
关键词
冬油菜
施肥深度
根系分布
养分吸收
产量
winter oilseed rape
fertilization depth
root distribution
nutrient uptake
yield
