摘要
目的：了解饮茶型氟中毒在青海省6个民族人群中的分布，为地方性饮茶型氟中毒防治提供依据。方法2010年，按照《全国饮茶型地方性氟中毒流行现状调查方案》要求，在青海省有饮砖茶习惯的28个县，选择占全省总人口数99.59%的6个民族进行氟中毒调查。每个县抽查3个乡和1个镇（牧区、农业区、半农半牧区、城镇），每个乡（城镇）抽取2个行政村（居委会），每个行政村（居委会）抽查50名成人调查日饮茶水量及日摄氟量。对成人进行氟斑牙、氟骨症及尿氟检查。每个村（居委会）采集茶水样5-6份，用于茶氟测定。氟斑牙诊断采用Deans法，茶氟、尿氟检测采用氟离子选择电极法，成人临床氟骨症诊断参照《地方性氟骨症诊断标准》（WS 192-2008）。结果共调查10335人，其中藏族4972人，汉族3063人，回族1196人，蒙古族634人，土族235人，撒拉族235人；人均日饮茶水量蒙古族为2.53 L，藏族为2.19 L，回族为1.74 L，土族为1.63 L，汉族为1.22 L，撒拉族为1.07 L；日人均摄氟量藏族为3.99 mg，蒙古族为2.78 mg、土族为2.27 mg，回族为2.16 mg，汉族为1.78 mg，撒拉族为1.28 mg；尿氟中位数藏族为1.46 mg/L，土族为1.19 mg/L，回族为1.12 mg/L，汉族为0.98 mg/L，蒙古族为0.93 mg/L，撒拉族为0.81 mg/L。氟斑牙检出率回族为34.53%（413/1196），汉族为27.07%（829/3063），藏族为21.60%（1074/4972），土族为20.00%（47/235），蒙古族为17.98%（114/634），撒拉族为6.38%（15/235）。氟骨症检出率藏族为13.42%（667/4972）、蒙古族为11.04%（70/634）、汉族为9.31%（285/3063），回族为7.61%（91/1196），土族为5.53%（13/235），撒拉族为4.26%（10/235）。结论饮茶型氟中毒在青海省6个民族人群中分布不同，病情流行情况轻重不同，藏族和蒙古族是青海省今后地方性饮茶型氟中毒防治的重点人群。
Objective To find out the distribution of drinking-tea-borne fluorosis in the six ethnics in Qinghai Province, and to provide basic data for prevention and control of the disease. Methods In 2010, according to the requirement of “The National Surveillance Program of Drinking-Tea-borne Fluorosis”, six ethnics accounted for 99.59% of total population in Qinghai Province were investigated in 28 counties having brick-tea drinking habit. Three townships and a town in each county, two administrative villages（residents’ committee） in each township and town were chosen and 50 adults in each administrative village and residents ’ committee were selected to check skeletal fluorosis, dental fluorosis, urine fluoride and daily drinking amount of tea water. Five to six samples of drinking tea water were determined. Dental fluorosis was examined by Deans method; the fluoride content of brick-tea and urine were determined by fluoride ion selective electrode; the skeletal fluorosis was diagnosed based on “Endemic Osteofluorosis Clinical Indexing Diagnosis Standard”（ WS 192-2008 ） . Results A total of 10 335 adults were surveyed, the number of Tibetan, Han, Hui, Mongolian, Tu and Salar ethnics were 4 972, 3 063, 1 196, 634, 235 and 235, respectively. The daily drinking amounts of tea water in Mongolian, Tibetan, Hui, Tu, Han and Salar ethnics were 2.53, 2.19, 1.74, 1.63, 1.22 and 1.07 L, respectively. Daily＆amp;nbsp;fluoride intakes in Tibetan, Mongolian, Tu, Hui, Han and Salar ethnics were 3.99, 2.78,2.27, 2.16, 1.78 and 1.28 mg, respectively. The medians of urinary fluoride concentration of the Tibetan, Tu, Hui, Han, Mongolian and Salar ethnics were 1.46, 1.19, 1.12, 0.98, 0.93 and 0.81 mg/L, respectively. The prevalence rates of dental fluorosis of the Hui, Han, Tibetan, Tu, Mongolian and Salar ethnics were 34.53%（413/1 196）, 27.07%（829/3 063）, 21.60%（1 074/4 972）, 20.00%（47/235）, 17.98%（114/634） and 6.38%（15/235）, respectively. The incidence rates of clinical skeletal fluorosis of
出处
《中华地方病学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第4期404-406,共3页
Chinese Journal of Endemiology
基金
中央补助地方公共卫生专项资金地方病防治项目（2010）
关键词
氟中毒
茶
民族
Fluorosis
Tea
Ethnic
