摘要
结合国家体育总局身体运动功能训练团队服务国家队备战2012年伦敦奥运会的核心理念和工作经验,从运动训练系统的成绩导向内容层次、最佳动作绩效金字塔的结构和作用、人体动作行为发展的层次及其对于运动训练体系结构和内容的规范、专项动作模式逐级分析方法应用、动作模式绩效训练流程、运动训练系统中动作模式发展和演进的通路等方面,较为全面和深入地分析和讨论了基于人体动作行为的运动训练系统组构问题。主要观点包括:1)人体动作行为的核心要素,分层次地构成了以运动成绩为导向运动训练系统设计的基础;2)依据动作任务的自然性或专门性程度与倾向,人体动作模式分为宏观、中观和微观的不同类别,它们决定着训练内容的性质和练习结构;3)在宏观运动训练流程中,动作模式发展和演进的通路为基本姿势和环节定位、自然基础动作模式、专门熟练动作模式和高级动作表现模式;4)在运动训练系统中只有实现对于不同属性动作模式发展的适宜控制,才能保证长久、系统的训练过程,以及运动员长期的成功比赛生涯。
Combined with the core idea and working experience from functional training panel of General Administration of Sports of China working on the preparation of l^mdon 0. G. 2012 with many top level Chinese national teams, the author comprehensively analyzes and discusses the structure of athletic training system upon human motor behavior. The content covers discussions of performance orientation of athletic training system, optimum performance pyramid, hieraehy of human motor behavior development and its corresponding contents in athletic training system, specific movement pattern＇s mesoanalysis and microanalysis, performance training continuum, classification of human movement patterns and their attributes at macro level. Main ideas presented in the article include： 1 ） Cure elements of human motor behavior hieraehically underlie the performance - oriented athletic training system＇ s design. 2） Human movement patterns could be classified into macro, meso and micro categories based on their degree or tendency of task＇ s naturality and specificity, which dictates the nature of training contents and practice structure. 3） In athletic training flow path at macro level, movement patterns evolve through the pass way of Fundamental Posture ＆ Aligmnent, Natural Basic Movement Pattern, Specific Mature Movement Pattern and Advanced Performance Movement Pattern. 4） Only proper management of different movement pattern development in the athletic training system might it ensure a durable and systematic athletic training process, as well as an athlete＇ s long term and successful competition - active career.
出处
《山东体育科技》
北大核心
2014年第1期35-38,共4页
Shandong Sports Science & Technology
关键词
人体
动作行为
动作模式
运动训练
系统
human body
motor behavior
movement pattern
athletic training
system
