摘要
微生物群落结构是土壤生态系统变化的预警及敏感指标,可用于表征土壤质量及其生态功能变化。用磷脂脂肪酸法研究了有机肥和NPK肥料长期施用对华北平原潮土微生物群落结构的影响及其变化特征。结果表明:长期施用有机和无机肥不仅提高了土壤有机碳、全氮、速效磷和速效钾等含量,改善了土壤酸碱度,而且显著增加了土壤微生物生物量,其中以有机肥的效果最为明显,增幅达到15.4%。长期施用肥料有机肥也改变了土壤微生物的群落结构,提高了细菌数量,降低了放线菌含量,而对真菌数量没有明显影响,导致真菌与细菌的比值下降。主成分分析表明,长期施用有机肥的土壤,细菌以含a19∶0、br14∶0、16∶1ω5 c和17∶1ω9而真菌以含18∶1ω10 c的微生物为优势种群,NPK处理土壤中细菌以含18∶1ω7、i19∶0、br18∶0、16∶1ω7 t和a15∶0的微生物为优势种群,CK处理中没有明显的优势种群。
Soil microbial community refecting soil quality affects the soil ecosystem functions and has been suggested as the sensitive indicator for predicting change of soil ecosystems. To understand the influence of organic manure and chemical fertilizers on the microbial biomass and community in soils of the North China Plain, soil samples were collected from the 0-20 cm tilled layer in a long-term experimental field at the Fengqiu state key agroecological experimental station, Fengqiu County, Henan Province, China, and used to measure the phospholipid fatty acid profiles of microorganisms. The study included three treatments with four replicates： control （CK, without fertilization）, organic manure （OM） and chemical fertilizer NPK （NPK）. The long-term application of fertilizer NPK and particularly organic manure significantly increased the concentrations of soil organic C, total N, available P and available K, and reduced soil pH compared to treatment CK. This finding indicates that organic manure application or balanced fertilization of N, P and K could efficiently improve the soil fertility, and the growing conditions were more suitable for crops and soil microorganisms. The long-term applieation of organic manure significantly increased the amount of total microbial PLFAs by 15.4% compared to the value in the CK treatment, but the addition of fertilizer NPK had no significant effect. Manuring significantly increased the amount of bacterial PLFAs from 41.03 nmol/g soil in the CK treatment to 48.03 nmoL/g soil in the OM treatment, but did not change the amount of fungal PLFAs, which resulted in the significant reduction of the ratio of fungi to bacteria. Fertilization slightly, but not significantly, increased the amount of bacterial PLFAs and reduced the amount of fungal PLFAs, resulting in the slight decrease of the ratio of fungi to bacteria. However, manuring and fertilization dramatically reduced the magnitude of actinomycetal PLFAs, indicating that organic manure and chemical fertilizers both inhib
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第12期3308-3314,共7页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(40971134)
国家杰出青年基金项目(40725003)
中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-439)
江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK2008057,K2009338)
